高中英语语法专题动词时态与语态Word文件下载.docx

1、I have been doingI had been doingI shall have been doingI should have been doing一、 一般现在时1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 3） 表示格言或警句。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：

2、此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much.。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的

3、标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。二、 一般过去时 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a

4、 warm welcome.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了。It is time for you to go to bed. It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了 ，例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow.4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成

5、为过去，现已不复存在。I thought you might have some.Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。） Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着） Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委

6、婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, would。 Could you lend me your bike?典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应

7、用过去时。三、 一般将来时 1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening?2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。Look a

8、t the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3）be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在

9、时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for

10、me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。 Im leaving tomorrow. Ar

11、e you staying here till next week?四、 一般现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作或状态，也可表示过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。I have been to shanghai.He hasnt given me any more trouble since then. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模

12、糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状

13、态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）H

14、e has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the

15、first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 典型例题（1） -Do you know ou

16、r town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。（2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词

17、为never，此两词常用于完成时。非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿

18、了。注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。 I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。 since的四种用法 1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。 I have been here since 1989. 2） since +一段时间+ ago。 I have been here since five months ago. 3）

19、 since +从句。 Great changes have taken place since you left. 4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 五、 过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去某一时刻或某动作之前完成的动作或状态。-|-|-|- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said （that）she had never been t

20、o Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He sa

21、id that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, le

22、ftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left 答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。had hardly when还没等 就。I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. had no soonerthan 刚 就。He had no sooner bought

23、 the car than he sold it. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一

24、般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.六、 将来完成时 1） 构成will have done2） 概念 a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。They will have been married for 20 years by then. b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 七、 现在进行时 a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）

25、正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always c

26、hanging your mind. My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it. A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。不用进行时的动词 1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, ow

27、e, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers. 2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help. 3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give

28、, allow, decide, refuse等。 I accept your advice.4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。 You seem a little tired. 八、 过去进行时 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.1） Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.