José Antonio AbreuWord文件下载.docx

1、（born May 7, 1939） is aVenezuelanorchestra conductor, pianist, economist, educator, activist, and politician. He was honored with the 2009 Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences Trustees Awards, the highest honor given to the career of personalities that have contributed to music by the organiza

2、tion that puts together the Latin GRAMMY Awards.Politics and academicsBorn in the city of Valera in 1939, Abreu graduated Summa Cum Laude as an Economist atUniversidad Catlica Andres Belloand he was awarded a PhD degree in Petroleum Economics from the same university in 1961.Abreu also did some grad

3、uate work at theUniversity of Michigan.He served as a Deputy at the Chamber of Deputies in the Congress of Venezuela. After his political career, he also worked as a professor of economics and law atUniversidad Simn Bolvarand his Alma Mater. He would return to politics briefly in 1983 to serve as Mi

4、nister of Culture. MusicAbreu began to study music with Doralisa Jimnez de Medina （a musician） in Barquisimeto. Later, he attended the Caracas Musical Declamation Academy in 1957, where he studied pianowithMoiss Moleiro,organ管风琴andharpsichord大键琴withEvencio Castellanos, and composition withVicente Em

5、ilio Sojo. In 1967, he received the Symphonic Music National Prize for his musical ability. It was in 1975 that he foundedEl Sistema, formally known as the Foundation for the National Network of Youth and Children Orchestras of Venezuela.This was an innovative youth education method in which music w

6、as the primary avenue for social and intellectual improvement. He received the National Music Prize for this work at El Sistema in 1979. Under Abreus guidance, El Sistema has participated in exchange and cooperation programmes with Canada,Spain, Latin American countries and theUnited States.Awards a

7、nd recognitionIn 1993, El Sistema was awarded the famous IMC-UNESCO International Music Prize in the institution class.2UNESCO also appointed Abreu as a Special Ambassador for the Development of a Global Network of Youth and Children Orchestras and Choirs in 19953and as a special representative for

8、the development of network of orchestras within the framework of UNESCOs World Movement of Youth and Children Orchestras and Choirs. This project was created in the context of an inter-disciplinary project Towards a Culture of Peace. He co-ordinates the programme through the UNESCO office inCaracas.

9、 He was also designated a Goodwill Ambassador by UNESCO in 1998.4In 2001, Abreu was honoured with aRight Livelihood Awardand was honored with theWorld Culture OpenCreative Arts Award in 2004.5Among his numerous awards are theOrder of the Rising Sun, Grand Cordon（Japan, 2007）,6theGlenn Gould Prize（Ca

10、nada, 2008）, the Puccini International Prize （Italy, 2008）, theQ Prizewith former student and protgGustavo Dudamel（USA, 2008） and honorary memberships at the Royal Philharmonic Society （2008, United Kingdom） and theBeethoven-Haus Society（Germany, 2008）.7Abreu is also co-founder and vice-chairman ofY

11、OA Orchestra of the Americas.8When theBnai BrithVenezuelan brand gave Abreu their Brith Human Rights Award in 2008, Abreu succinctly summarized the goal of El Sistema and of his lifes work by saying, In the struggle for Human Rights, let us vigorously incorporate childrens sublime right to music, in

12、 whose bosom shines Beingness in its splendor and its ineffable mystery. Let us reveal to our children the beauty of music and music shall reveal to our children the beauty of life.9In 2008 received as director of El Sistema thePrince of Asturias Awardsfor arts. In 2009, Abreu received the Crystal A

13、ward of theWorld Economic Forumand theTED Prize, which consists of 100,000 dollars and one wish to change the world. The description for his awards is a clear description of the work he does at El Sistema as it reads, the maestro whos transformed the lives of tens of thousands of kids. through class

14、ical music.10On May 12, 2009, Abreu was awarded thePolar Music Prize, given by theRoyal Swedish Academy of Music.11Abreu andPeter Gabriel, who also won, were presented with their awards by King Carl XVI Gustaf at a gala ceremony at theStockholm Concert Hallon 31 August. The Royal Swedish Academy of

15、Music said about Abreu:12The Polar Music Prize 2009 is awarded the Venezuelan conductor, composer and economist Jos Antonio Abreu. Driven by a vision that the world of classical music can help improve the lives of Venezuelas children, he created the music network El Sistema, which has given hundreds

16、 of thousands the tools to leave poverty. Jos Antonio Abreus successful creation has promoted traditional values, like respect, fellowship and humanity. His achievement shows us what is possible when music is made the common ground and thereby part of peoples everyday lives. Simultaneously, a new ho

17、pe for the future has been given children and parents, as well as politicians. The vision of Jos Antonio Abreu serves as a model to us all.In 2010, Abreu was awardedErasmus Prize. In 2012, Abreu was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Institute of Education, University of London in recognition of h

18、is services to music education and social change.In 2012, Abreu was awarded a Honorary Degree from Carleton University for his “outstanding contribution to the advancement of underprivileged youth through music and education”. He was awarded this degree, via video, on March 29, 2012 at Carleton Univ

19、ersity. The renowned Venezuelan Simver String Quartet performed in honour of Dr. Abreu. They were joined by the OrKidstra Quintet. OrKidstra is Ottawas very own El Sistema program.El Sistema 是一个由荷塞安东尼奥阿布吕尔于1975年创立的音乐培训机构，现已在委内瑞拉发展成为一个全国性的网络，拥有102个少年乐团、55个儿童 乐团以及270个音乐中心，该组织现有25万年轻的音乐演奏师。El Sistema 旨

20、在通过古典音乐来帮助年轻人（特别是那些来自贫苦家庭的孩子）实现他们的理想。阿布吕尔认为，与其让年轻人放逐于社会，进而走向吸毒、犯罪之路，这样的音乐教育显得有意义多了。这些少儿乐团还获邀到世界各地去演出，得到了广泛的赞誉。 El Sistema is a publicly financed voluntary sector music education program in Venezuela, founded in 1975 by economist and musician Jos Antonio Abreu under the name of Social Action for Musi

21、c. It is sometimes translated into English as National Network of Youth and Childrens Orchestras of Venezuela.El Sistema is a state foundation which watches over Venezuelas 125 youth orchestras and the instrumental training programmes which make them possible. The organization has 31 symphony orches

22、tras, and between 310,000 to 370,000 children attend its music schools around the country 70 to 90 percent of the students come from poor socio-economic backgrounds.International recognition of El SistemaThewas awarded to El Sistema founder Jos Antonio Abreu on 14 February 2008.4344Brian Levine, Man

23、aging Director of the Glenn Gould Foundation, in an account of his 2008 visit to Caracas wrote: El Sistema has demonstrated conclusively that music education is the gateway to lifelong learning and a better future.Prince of Asturias Awardfor the Arts was awarded to El Sistema on 28 May 2008.45The Na

24、tional Performing Arts Convention 2008, held in Denver, Colorado, featured Abreu as a guest speaker on 13 June 2008.46The TED Prize was awarded to Jos Antonio Abreu on 5 February 2009 for his work on El Sistema. A pre-recorded speech was played at the ceremony in which he explained his philosophy.47

25、The prize allowed for the creation of the Abreu Fellows.Polar Music Prizefrom Sweden was awarded to El Sistema and Maestro Abreu in 2009. 历史 1975年， 阿布留组建了一支国家级乐团，当时称为委内瑞拉青年乐团。那时委内瑞拉只有两支国家级乐团，一支是委内瑞拉交响乐团，另一只是马约卡交响乐团，两只乐团的乐师大多数都是欧洲移民。最初，青年乐团旨在为委内瑞拉青年音乐家提供集训条件，但阿布留具有更为宏大的壮志，即要组建很多类似的乐团，将那些被认为是不可能欣赏艺术的群

26、体的人带入音乐殿堂。他说道：“对我来说，首要的任务便是让贫困人群也能欣赏到音乐。作为音乐家，我梦想着让穷人家的孩子演奏莫扎特。为什么不呢？为什么能演奏贝多芬和莫扎特的只能出自中产以上阶级？音乐教育应该触及到每个人。” 阿布留博士最开始的设想是为贫民区的孩子提供免费的乐器和乐团合奏训练，让他们远离街头的毒品和枪战，并能在音乐中得到熏陶和进步。 在体系还未启动时，要劝人们加入有点难度，但当人们一旦了解并体验到参与项目的成果，支持得以建立，而古典音乐也就浸染入整个社会。 1977年，阿布留的乐团在苏格兰阿伯丁举行的国际比赛中获胜。自那以后，委内瑞拉政府开始全资接管乐团。 从一开始，El Sistem

27、a是由社会福利部门而不是文化部掌管。从战略上讲，这一安排是极其聪明的，它有助于该系统的长久维持，因为委内瑞拉的历届领导对文化重视程度不一。此外，由于查韦斯政权的倡导大众路线，目前政府很自然地成为了El Sistema系统最为大气的资助方，不仅承担了系统全部2900万美元的年度运作经费，更是从其他的基金中慷慨解囊。 但政府并不是El Sistema唯一的资助方，该项目的另一大投资机构是“泛美发展银行”。从1995年起泛美发展银行为El Sistema斥资500万美元，加拉加斯的全新中心得以落成，成为整个体系的总部。04年启动的“音乐社会运动”（Social Action Through Musi

28、c）令体系的影响大大扩展。而银行还将捐赠1500万美元用于在全国各地营造大大小小的活动中心。而经过发展银行的测算，对体系的每一美金的投资就有价值将近二美金社会回报。 如今只有三千万人口的委内瑞拉拥有了一百五十个青少年乐团训练中心，一百多支青年乐团、数百支少儿和儿童乐团，接受乐队训练的孩子将近三十万，在体系内工作的音乐教师近万人。这个比例甚至超过了老牌古典音乐传统国家英国。伦敦时报的著名评论家近期对世界交响乐团的造诣作了点评，其中委内瑞拉青年交响乐团被排在第五，而这也是阿布留博士兑现了他当年对孩子们的承诺，使乐团成为世界顶级乐团。 然而阿布留博士的雄心壮志也远不止如此。在政府的扶持下，阿布留已经

29、将El Sistema教材引入常规公立学校之中，计划在未来4年之内使其遍布整个国家的基础教育学校，并且将系统扩招一倍，是受惠儿童达到50万。此外，系统还将受众的阶层进一步下降。“我们不能为这样的一个项目建造一座象牙塔。它必须植根于社会的核心，向政府、当地社区和私营企业征询意见。”阿布留博士说，“我们期望在接下来六年间，有50万儿童加入其中；十年后是100万。”如今体系已经开始在三个城市招募了无家可归的儿童。正如阿布留博士所说：“在拉丁美洲，艺术不再局限于社会的精英阶层，艺术已经成为了一种社会权利，每个人都可以享有这样的权利。 最近，这个体系最耀眼的成就委内瑞拉西蒙玻利瓦尔青年乐团在杜达梅尔带领

30、下，在美国和欧洲进行了演出，向世界展示委内瑞拉的奇迹，像一个布道者一样向全世界宣传他们的“教义”音乐带来希望。这一切，已经不仅仅是音乐会艺术上的成功，更重要的是他让人们看到了这个社会的希望，因为这些来自贫民区的音乐家们奉献给这些听众的，是音乐，是活力，是生命力，是激情。 目前，委内瑞拉音乐教育体系成为全球热切追随的楷模，从南非、纳米比亚、埃及、到肯尼亚都要求委内瑞拉派音乐家帮助他们进行乐队培训。而近几个月内，在危地马拉、秘鲁、巴西、多米尼加，类似的体系已经开始建立。类似项目也有望在美国的波士顿、巴尔的摩、华盛顿和丹佛推广。在苏格兰，进行了一年的本土版“闹猛”青少年乐队训练计划也小有成就。 运作

31、 这一倾举国之力训练、培养和输送音乐苗子的系统类似中国的体育培养体系。委内瑞拉全国1800名教师和超过600支乐团每年吸纳着大量孩童，并根据个人的才能和抱负向国家级的乐团输送好的苗子。地区中心就是“少体校”，上级中心就是“市队”或“省队”。其中最优秀的才俊进入“国家队”，也就是西蒙波利瓦尔青年乐团。柏林爱乐乐团有史以来最年轻的成员，现年20岁的低音提琴手Edicson Ruiz便来自西蒙波利瓦尔乐团。1999年杜达梅尔成为这支乐团的音乐总监，经他调教出的声音不仅激情四射，与同类青年乐团相比更是出奇地精致与均衡。 委内瑞拉音乐教育系统最引人注目的地方便是其无所不包的容纳性。儿童从拿到乐器那一刻起便开始在合奏团中演奏，老师在教授孩子们如何做人的同时也开始教他们如何演奏音乐。在一个乐团中，每个人都学会尊重知识、节奏和左邻右舍，学会与团队合作达成目标，不管他是不是独奏。 从三岁起，委内瑞拉儿童就加入了乐队训练体系，阿布