届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练健康环保类Word文档格式.docx

1、 Pollution from nitrogen oxides （NO） is responsible for lens of thousands of premature deaths（过早死） across Europe, with the UK suffering a particularly high toll. Much of the pollution is produced by diesel cars, which emit about six times more than allowed in the official lab-based teats. The Europe

2、an Environment Agency said the UK had 11,940 premature deaths in 2013 from NO2. The number was down from 14,100 in the previous year, but was still the second worst in Europe after Italy.1.Which can replace the underlined word substan-tive” in paragraph 3?A.terribleB.realC.normalD.special2.Which of

3、the following areas was worst polluted by NO2?A.Southwest England.B.Southeast England.C.Marylebone Road.D.The rural area near London.3.How many premature deaths were caused by nitrogen dioxide in the UK in 2012?A.11,940.B.14,100.C.15,100.D.19,140.4.What can be the best title for the text?A.How to de

4、al with air pollution efficientlyB.The biggest killer of man nowadaysair pollutionC.Diesel fumes should be responsible for air pollutionD.Air pollution from NO2 / NO is as bad for happiness as partners death2、Nowadays people begin to pay more attention to the environment they live in. They care abou

5、t air quality and water they drink every day. But few things exercise green sensibilities more than marine （海洋的）plastic litter. Scientists estimate that perhaps 16,000,000 tons of plastic waste enters the ocean each year. Much stays close to the shore. Some, though, is carried by waves to the ocean.

6、The biggest part is located halfway between California and Hawaii. A study found that it contains between about 45,000 and 129,000 tons of plastic pieces over an area roughly the size of Alaska.The idea of sweeping it all up might sound impossible. To Boyan Slat it seemed merely ambitious. What if,

7、wondering in 2012 （then aged 18） , he could build a large bow-shaped floating barrier, cast it to the seabed and let waves wash the litter into the “spoon”? Despite his youthful age and crazy plan, Mr. Slat set up the Ocean Cleanup to pul it into practice. Six years later, the “spoon” named System 0

8、01 set sail from San Francisco on September 8th, followed by coast guards, camera crews and curious boaters.System 001 , which is made of plastic, is 600 meters long and 1.2 meters in diameter（直径）. A three-meter-deep skirt beneath the “spoon” prevents litter from escaping under it; plastic tends to

9、float within a meter of the waters surface. The spoon ” is even simpler than Mr. Slats original idea, having dispensed（摒弃） with the anchor. The spoon which is driven by waves as well as wind, always moves faster than the plastic. It therefore brings the litter up as it floats.If System 001 succeeds,

10、 Mr. Slat wants to put another 60 ikspoonsn inlo use. Corporate sponsors would offer him 5 million euros for construction and three years operation. Mr. LeBreton thinks that a fleet （舰队） of “spoons” could, by 2040, sweep up all the non-tiny plastic pieces. If plastic waste continues coming, it would

11、 outweigh the fleets ability to catch it within a few years. The ocearrs plastic problem cannot really be solved without better waste management on land.1.What does the underlined phrase exercise green sensibilities in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Do some exercise in a green way.B.Be sensitive to sports.C

12、.Contribute to a greener life.D.Arouse concern about the environment.2.When did Boyan Slat begin to put the into practice?A.In 2008.B.In 2012.C.In 2018.D.In 2000.3.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A.Mr. Slat has dispensed with the skirt beneath the “spoon”.B.Wind and waves help System 001 move fas

13、ter than plastic litter.C.The “spoon” is made of plastic to better catch plastic litter.D.No plastic litter can escape thanks to the skirt under it.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.A “Spoon” Takes Away Marine Plastic LitterB.System 001 Has a Promising FutureC.Marine Plastic Litter HitsD.M

14、arine Plastic Litter Floats Away3、 Most of us know that physical activity leads to better health. That is nothing new. But the United States government has changed its guidance on how much exercise people need to stay healthy and when they should start. Experts say getting or attaining the health be

15、nefits from exercise may be easier than earlier thoughts.For children and teens Children as young as 3 years old need to be physically active. From birth to age 5, a childs brain develops more than at any other time in life. The development has a lasting effect on a childs ability to learn and to su

16、cceed in school and in life. Boys and girls in this age group need at least 3 hours of activity every day. That can be light activities, or moderate （适度的） activities. But it is not suggested to put your 5-year-old children on a running machine or other exercise facilities. Children aged between 6 an

17、d 17 get at least an hour of moderate to vigorous activity a day. The activity should be aerobic （有氧的）exercise,such as biking,swimniing and running. Aerobic activity can strengthen the heart and lungs by making them work hard for several minutes or more. Exercise should also include muscle- and bone

18、-strengthening activities, such as climbing trees, using playground equipment and playing sports. Experts suggest that children get this kind of exercise at least three times a week.For adults For adults, experts recommend 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity. That can be q

19、uick walking; that can be cutting the grass; that can be gardening; that can he dancing. any kind of activity that gets your heart rate up and gets you exercising moderately. They also think adults need at least two days of muscle-strengthening exercise like push-ups or lifting weights.For adults ov

20、er 65 For older adults, experts suggest 30 to 60 minutes per day of moderate physical activity including activities that help aid balance and flexibility. Better balance means fewer falls and less chance of injury.1.According to the guidance, which group may spend the longest time in exercising?A.Ch

21、ildren aged 4.B.Teenagers aged 15.C.Adults aged 35.D.Adults aged 70.2.How many activities are suggested to adults in the text?A.4.B.5.C.6.D.7.3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To persuade people of all ages to exercise.B.To inform people of the proper amount of exercise.C.To advise people to take

22、up aerobic exercise.D.To stress the benefits of physical exercise4、Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）,and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. qSo far there is no effective way to get rid of it, b

23、ut a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag

24、 for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost

25、 13% of their mass-apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax-also allows them to break down plastic Wax is a comp

26、lex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains. The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that su

27、ch worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）?Bertocchini agre

28、es and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is toA