届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练健康环保类Word文档格式.docx
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Pollutionfromnitrogenoxides(NO)isresponsibleforlensofthousandsofprematuredeaths(过早死)acrossEurope,withtheUKsufferingaparticularlyhightoll.Muchofthepollutionisproducedbydieselcars,whichemitaboutsixtimesmorethanallowedintheofficiallab-basedteats.
TheEuropeanEnvironmentAgencysaidtheUKhad11,940prematuredeathsin2013fromNO2.Thenumberwasdownfrom14,100inthepreviousyear,butwasstillthesecondworstinEuropeafterItaly.
1.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword"
substan-tive”inparagraph3?
A.terrible
B.real
C.normal
D.special
2.WhichofthefollowingareaswasworstpollutedbyNO2?
A.SouthwestEngland.
B.SoutheastEngland.
C.MaryleboneRoad.
D.TheruralareanearLondon.
3.HowmanyprematuredeathswerecausedbynitrogendioxideintheUKin2012?
A.11,940.
B.14,100.
C.15,100.
D.19,140.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Howtodealwithairpollutionefficiently
B.Thebiggestkillerofmannowadays—airpollution
C.Dieselfumesshouldberesponsibleforairpollution
D.AirpollutionfromNO2/NOisasbadforhappinessaspartners’death
2、Nowadayspeoplebegintopaymoreattentiontotheenvironmenttheylivein.Theycareaboutairqualityandwatertheydrinkeveryday.Butfewthingsexercisegreensensibilitiesmorethanmarine(海洋的)plasticlitter.Scientistsestimatethatperhaps16,000,000tonsofplasticwasteenterstheoceaneachyear.Muchstaysclosetotheshore.Some,though,iscarriedbywavestotheocean.
ThebiggestpartislocatedhalfwaybetweenCaliforniaandHawaii.Astudyfoundthatitcontainsbetweenabout45,000and129,000tonsofplasticpiecesoveranarearoughlythesizeofAlaska.
Theideaofsweepingitallupmightsoundimpossible.ToBoyanSlatitseemedmerelyambitious.Whatif,wonderingin2012(thenaged18),hecouldbuildalargebow-shapedfloatingbarrier,castittotheseabedandletwaveswashthelitterintothe“spoon”?
Despitehisyouthfulageandcrazyplan,Mr.SlatsetuptheOceanCleanuptopulitintopractice.Sixyearslater,the“spoon”namedSystem001setsailfromSanFranciscoonSeptember8th,followedbycoastguards,cameracrewsandcuriousboaters.
System001,whichismadeofplastic,is600meterslongand1.2metersindiameter(直径).Athree-meter-deepskirtbeneaththe“spoon”preventslitterfromescapingunderit;
plastictendstofloatwithinameterofthewater’ssurface.The"
spoon”isevensimplerthanMr.Slat’soriginalidea,havingdispensed(摒弃)withtheanchor.The"
spoon"
whichisdrivenbywavesaswellaswind,alwaysmovesfasterthantheplastic.Itthereforebringsthelitterupasitfloats.
IfSystem001succeeds,Mr.Slatwantstoputanother60ikspoonsninlouse.Corporatesponsorswouldofferhim5millioneurosforconstructionandthreeyears'
operation.Mr.LeBretonthinksthatafleet(
舰队)of“spoons”could,by2040,sweepupallthenon-tinyplasticpieces.Ifplasticwastecontinuescoming,itwouldoutweighthefleetsabilitytocatchitwithinafewyears.Theocearrsplasticproblemcannotreallybesolvedwithoutbetterwastemanagementonland.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"
exercisegreensensibilities"
inParagraph1referto?
A.Dosomeexerciseinagreenway.
B.Besensitivetosports.
C.Contributetoagreenerlife.
D.Arouseconcernabouttheenvironment.
2.WhendidBoyanSlatbegintoputthe"
intopractice?
A.In2008.
B.In2012.
C.In2018.
D.In2000.
3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?
A.Mr.Slathasdispensedwiththeskirtbeneaththe“spoon”.
B.WindandwaveshelpSystem001movefasterthanplasticlitter.
C.The“spoon”ismadeofplastictobettercatchplasticlitter.
D.Noplasticlittercanescapethankstotheskirtunderit.
4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.A“Spoon”TakesAwayMarinePlasticLitter
B.System001HasaPromisingFuture
C.MarinePlasticLitterHits
D.MarinePlasticLitterFloatsAway
3、
Mostofusknowthatphysicalactivityleadstobetterhealth.Thatisnothingnew.ButtheUnitedStatesgovernmenthaschangeditsguidanceonhowmuchexercisepeopleneedtostayhealthyandwhentheyshouldstart.Expertssaygettingorattainingthehealthbenefitsfromexercisemaybeeasierthanearlierthoughts.
Forchildrenandteens
Childrenasyoungas3yearsoldneedtobephysicallyactive.Frombirthtoage5,achild'
sbraindevelopsmorethanatanyothertimeinlife.Thedevelopmenthasalastingeffectonachild'
sabilitytolearnandtosucceedinschoolandinlife.Boysandgirlsinthisagegroupneedatleast3hoursofactivityeveryday.Thatcanbelightactivities,ormoderate(适度的)activities.Butitisnotsuggestedtoputyour5-year-oldchildrenona"
runningmachine"
orotherexercisefacilities.
Childrenagedbetween6and17getatleastanhourofmoderatetovigorousactivityaday.Theactivityshouldbeaerobic(有氧的)exercise,suchasbiking,swimniingandrunning.Aerobicactivitycanstrengthentheheartandlungsbymakingthemworkhardforseveralminutesormore.Exerciseshouldalsoincludemuscle-andbone-strengtheningactivities,suchasclimbingtrees,usingplaygroundequipmentandplayingsports.Expertssuggestthatchildrengetthiskindofexerciseatleastthreetimesaweek.
Foradults
Foradults,expertsrecommend150minutesperweekofmoderatetovigorousphysicalactivity.Thatcanbequickwalking;
thatcanbecuttingthegrass;
thatcanbegardening;
thatcanhedancing...anykindofactivitythatgetsyourheartrateupandgetsyouexercisingmoderately.Theyalsothinkadultsneedatleasttwodaysofmuscle-strengtheningexerciselikepush-upsorliftingweights.
Foradultsover65
Forolderadults,expertssuggest30to60minutesperdayofmoderatephysicalactivityincludingactivitiesthathelpaidbalanceandflexibility.Betterbalancemeansfewerfallsandlesschanceofinjury.
1.Accordingtotheguidance,whichgroupmayspendthelongesttimeinexercising?
A.Childrenaged4.
B.Teenagersaged15.
C.Adultsaged35.
D.Adultsaged70.
2.Howmanyactivitiesaresuggestedtoadultsinthetext?
A.4.
B.5.
C.6.
D.7.
3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?
A.Topersuadepeopleofallagestoexercise.
B.Toinformpeopleoftheproperamountofexercise.
C.Toadvisepeopletotakeupaerobicexercise.
D.Tostressthebenefitsofphysicalexercise
4、Plastic-EatingWorms
Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.
ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'
chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'
stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.
FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'
abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"
Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"
sheexplains."
Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."
JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"
millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”
1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?
A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.
B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.
C.Theycanconsumeplastics.
D.Theywindupinlandfills.
2.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto
A