非谓语动词的用法Word文件下载.docx

1、 Who did the teacher have write an article for the wall paper? Ill get someone to come. 注：变为被动语态要加to3 would rather，had better句型后4 Why / why no句型后5 help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：6 but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。典型例题1） - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change?A.

2、to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。2） Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。3） He was seen _ out of the room.A. go B.to go C.gone D.went答案：B. 感官动词see

3、后的动词作宾补,在主动语态中省to,但在被动语态中要补出to .4） John was made _ an article for the wall paper.A. to write B.write C.written D. WritingA. 使役动词make后的动词作宾补，在主动语态中省to,但在被动语态中要补出to .八、不定式与分词作宾补的区别不定式作宾补-强调动作发生的 整个过程现在分词作宾补-表示动作正在进行,宾语是分词动作的执行者过去分词作宾补-表示动作已经完成，且宾语与宾补之间有被动意义I saw him coming downstairs.I found the work

4、done.They warned me not to be late.I discovered the family sitting on the lawn.He had his bike stolen.Who will you have translate this article into French?练习1. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, cryingC. cry, cry D. to cr

5、y, cry【分析】答案选A。在make sb. 后作宾补的不定式不带to，但在被动式中加to。2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. （全国卷）A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning【分析】答案选B。be made后作主补的不定式要加to。3.They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. （全国卷）A. grow B. grewC. was growing D. to grow作宾补不能用谓语

6、动词，排除B和C；感观动词see后要用不带to的不定式作宾补，表示整个过程，排除D。4. The missing boy were last seen _ near the river. （全国卷）A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play指片断，看到时，他正在河边玩，而不是玩的整个过程。句意为：人们最后一次看到那个失踪的男孩的时候，他在河边玩。5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. （全国卷）A. carried out B

7、. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out句中that引导一个定语从句，它代表the plan并在从句中作see的宾语，宾语that（the plan）与宾补carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补，即see the plan carried out the next year. 在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在

8、逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. （全国卷）A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied【分析】答案选D。his hand与tie是被动关系，且带进时应己捆绑好了，表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作宾补。2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a

9、hard time. （上海春）A. settled B. settingC. to settle D. being settled【分析】答案选C。由语境可知，问题还没有解决，用不定式指将来的动作。1. Peter soon fell asleep with the light still _. A. burn B.to burn C. burning D. burned 【分析】答案选C.彼得很快睡着了，灯仍然亮着。（burning表示持续进行）其宾语后可用分词或不定式的4个动词在leave, want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。现分述如下：l

10、eavedoing让一直（主动、持续进行）；leaveto do让去做（主动、将来）；leavedone（被动）。Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. （天津卷）A. run B. running C. being run D. to runthe water与run是主动关系，又表示持续进行，用现在分词作宾补。另外，请比较：leave the door firmly fastened让门紧闭着; leave her to do as she likes让她去做她喜欢做的事。want sb. doing希望某人做某事（多用于否定）

11、；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done（被动）。I dont want you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。（主动、否定句）I want the letter （to be） opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。（被动）get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事（主动、将来）; getdoing使处于某一状态中（主动、持续）; getdone=have sth. done请人做 / 遭受（被动）。Ill try to get her _ the doctor. （上海卷）A. s

12、ee B. seeingC. to see D. for seeingget sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。请比较：get the children talking让孩子说起话来；get the computer repaired将电脑送去修理；get his wrist broken折断了手腕。have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人 / 某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事（见使役动词）；have sth. to do有事要做（见非谓语动词作定语部

13、分）。1. She had her audience listening attentively. 他使观众听得入神。2. He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _. （上海卷）A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repairhis watch与repair是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。可用分词但不用to do作补语的5个动词keep, find等后可用现在分词（主动）或过去分词（被动）作补语，一般不用to do。在catch（撞见）, smel

14、l（闻到）, start（使）等后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。1. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. （全国卷）A. to burn B. burntC. burning D. burnedkeepdoing让一直保持某种状态：让那盆火整夜燃着。2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. （全国卷）A. smoke B. smokingC. to smoke D. smokedfind后一般不能用to do作补语。

15、he与smoke是主动的，用ing形式作主语补语。3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. （安徽卷）A. put B. to be puttingC. to put D. putting后通常只接现在分词作补语，catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人在做某事。4. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. （全国卷）A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. t

16、o steal D. stealingcaught stealing=who was caught stealing，本句相当于：The salesman caught the girl stealing. He scolded her and then let her off. 可用to be或to have done作补语的9个动词在表示“认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后，可跟to be作补语（认为是），一般不跟to do；但在think, consider,

17、 believe等之后可跟to have done作补语（认为做了）。Charles Babage is generally considered _ the first computer. （全国卷）A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented本题是consider sb. to have done的被动式。make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补make oneself understood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思 / 让自己讲的话被别人

18、听到 / 让自己被别人看到 / 让自己被别人认识。1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. （全国卷）A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heardmake himself heard让他讲的话被别人听到。2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. （广西卷）A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to ma

19、ke herself heard使自己讲的话被别有听到，用make oneself heard，排除A和B；作目的状语用不定式，排除C。 在be said / reported等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面，以及要求接不定式。1. He was reported to have broken the world record. 据报道他打破了世界纪录.（=It is reported that he has broken the world record. ）2. The flu is b

20、elieved _by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. （上海卷）A. cause B. being causedC. to be caused D. to have causedbe believed后要接动词不定式，排除A和B；又因为the flu与cause是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式.The flu is believed to be caused=It is believed / People believe that the flu is caused人

21、们认为3. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. （全国卷）A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying由studied可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作（is said）之前，所以要用完成式。Robert is said to have studied abroad=It is said that Robert studied abroad据说九、“疑问句+不定式”

22、结构 不定式可以和疑问代词 who, what, which 及疑问副词when, how, whether, where等连用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语How to get rid of the pollution is still a problem. （主语）I really dont know what to do. （宾语）The question is where to get a computer. （表语）注：why除外 Why quarrel with her? Why not have a try?1. _（何时召开这次会议）hasnotyetbeendecided.2.

23、 Hecouldtell_（该相信谁）。3. Canyoutellme_（到哪儿能买到电池）？4. The teacher told the students_（如何做实验）5. Idecide_（买哪一本词典）。 Its necessary for us to learn English well. Its very kind of you to say so. = You are very kind to say so. Its foolish of him to do that. = He was foolish to do that.十、不定式复合结构的句型 ： Its for sb.

24、和 Its of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。s very nice of y

25、ou to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。 You are nice，you help me.（通顺，所以应用of）。 He is hard, he studies two languages.（非所表达的意思不通，因此用for。）Its necessary for us to learn English well.We are necessary翻译：1.他不告别就离开是不礼貌的。2.他那样说很奇怪。3.我真蠢告诉他真相。4.对她来说回答这个问题太容易了。5.有很多困难等待我们去克服。6.他把报纸放在桌上让你看。7.秋天树叶落下来是很平常的。8.他们非常友好，热情款待了我们。Key:1. It was impolite of him to leave without saying “