最新新概念英语第4册课文笔记文档格式.docx

1、legend /ledVnd/ n.传说，传奇unreal e.g robin hoodanthropologist/ AnWrpCldVist/ n.人类学家anthrop：人philosophere :philosopher|爱智慧哲学家philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人）anthropology :人类学带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology生物学geography地理学ecology生态学remote/ rimut/ n.遥远ancestor / Ansest/ n.祖先an在前面forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先rot/ rCt

2、/ v.烂掉leave me rot.leave me alongrot to death.soon ripe,soon rotten.decay国家民族逐渐衰亡decompose逐渐衰竭deteriorate关系逐渐恶化trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹trace the problemi follow your tracei follow where you gopolynesia波利尼西亚poly-多polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wifef

3、lint /flint/ n.燧石flinting heartedfossil / fCsl/ n. 化石cobble鹅卵石Notes on the text课文注释read of读到谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear ofnear east：近东mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east非限定性从句，表原因oral（spoken） language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词counterpart: two t

4、hings or two people have the same position oral（spoken） language is earlier than written counterpart.preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生migration ：移民migrantimmigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟none: no body peoples

5、民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he hadany,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.find out千方百计，费尽周折explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves howeveranywhere you want ,加逗号but,yet不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore自由so自由tool:小工具instrument:实验器械equipment:设备s

6、hape:成型；教育，改造may also have:表推测peel:果皮leather:皮革hide:兽皮cowhide:牛皮without （any） trace:无影无踪Lesson 2 Spare that spider别伤害蜘蛛Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it

7、impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed b

8、y spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never m

9、ore than six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a fo

10、otball pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spid

11、ers in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The Listenerflocks and herds牛群和羊群flCk/the birds of the same feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分you are the same flock.也可指人herd多指牛群cowherd cowboythrong and crow

12、d swarmowe /U/ vt.感激,欠i owe you.i owe you a big favor.欠issue oblige indebt appreciate-常用口语词 正式：grateful thankfulbeast /bi: st/ n兽形容人野蛮无比，不能用animal形容creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性fraction / frAkFn/ n.小部分分数，小数a fraction of rice will suffice on ones behalf代表利益I beat you on your behalf.我打你是为你好on behalf of someb

13、ody /somethinge.g on behalf of chinese governmenton behalf of representauthority /C:WCriti/ n.权威authorize批准authoritative权威性的authoritarian独裁的tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏词dictator独裁者dictatorial独裁的authorities 权威（可单数可复数）当局（复数）census /senss/ n.统计数据the fifth national population census.censor审查,censorious挑剔的，挑刺的acre

14、/eik/ n.英亩acresquare metersfootball pitch足球场football yard football court football field be content with满足于满足作表语，不能出现定语结构He is content with status quo.contented heart :心满意足的人spare /spZ/ v. 不伤害，宽恕spare me He doesnt spare himself. I spare no efforts to learn english.（ spare no efforts: 不遗余力作什么）Notes on

15、 the text课文注释why, you may wonderyou may wonder why插入语先不管插入语，弄清句子结构you may wonder why spiders should be our friends？插入语位置不固定why以疑问句 开头why,you may wonder,the problem of pollution befalls human beings. why,you may wonder,one of my friends is so kindhearted.destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光tear into pieces

16、greatest enemies:天敌dying enemycrying enemydear enemy human race:人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词impossible和possible永远不要以人开头It is impossible for somebody to do something. likely可以以人做主语。i am likely to go.probable也不以人做主语they would表示假设devour狼吞虎咽devour the foodmake a cake of myselfmake a god of myselfdevour the book

17、it虚拟语气前面是主句，下面是条件句 前面一般的加动词devour,后面用一般过去时If it were not for:如果这不是因为I would not survive if it were not for his timely help. but for一定是虚拟语气 if it were not forowe感激，欠i owe you.引出主题all of them put together:把他们堆到一起谓语动词是kill destroyed后置定语，重心转到spiderLesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人Modern alpinists try to cl

18、imb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especial

19、ly if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They

20、 had a single aim, a solitary goalthe top!It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the h

21、igh mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they couldsometimes with the local pries

22、t （who was usually as poor as his parishioners）, sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must h

23、ave been very hard indeed.1、 alpinist（1.1）/$lpinist/n登山运动员climbermountaineer词根：alpAlps（1.16）/$lps/ n阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine（1.9）/$lpain/adj阿尔卑斯山的2、 attain（1.4）/+tein/ v到达to get toto arrive at/into attain ones goal=realizeto attain the top/peak/summit达到顶点attain youth永葆青春attainment （n） attainments成就accomplishmen

24、t3、perilous（1.5）/peril+s/adj危险的peril（随时可能出现的）危险avalanche雪崩4、shudder （1.5）/Md+/ v不寒而栗shudder:quick and suddentremble:long and very obviousquiver:excitement ,maybe coldshiver: cold and nervous5、 go out of ones way专门by the way顺路too much for me受不起6、 court （multiple meanings多义词）1 朝廷朝臣courtier2 courteous彬

25、彬有礼的3 法庭4 娱乐场 足球场soccer/football court高尔夫球场golf court5 追求6 招致骄兵必败pride courts failure7、 solitary（1.6）/s&lrt+ri/adj唯一的sol-独solo独唱独奏solitude孤独I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life.8、 pioneer（1.2）/?pai+n+/ v开辟，倡导；n先锋，开辟者9、 impoverish（11.9-10）/$mp&v+rM/v使贫困poor（口语词）罗素名言：A great many man will cheerful

26、ly face inpoverishment if they can securecomplete ruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation.许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。10、coarse（1.12）/k&:s/adj粗劣的coarse throat嗓子哑sore throat嗓子发炎coarse fare粗粮refined fair细粮coarse and refinedin a coarse manner粗暴无礼11、boast（1.12）/b+ust/v自恃有用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有He boasted that of his knowledge.The center boasts a te