最新新概念英语第4册课文笔记文档格式.docx
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legend/’ledV[nd/n.传说，传奇
unreale.grobinhood
anthropologist/‘AnWr[’pCl[dVist/n.人类学家
anthrop：
人
philosophere:
philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家
philanthropist:
慈善家（对人有爱心的人）
anthropology:
人类学
带-gy结尾的都是学科：
biology生物学geography地理学ecology生态学
remote/ri’m[ut/n.遥远
ancestor/‘Ansest[/n.祖先
an
在前面
forefather,forebear，predecessor祖先
rot/rCt/v.烂掉
leavemerot.＝leavemealong
rottodeath.
soonripe,soonrotten.
decay国家民族逐渐衰亡decompose逐渐衰竭deteriorate关系逐渐恶化
trace/treis/n.痕迹，踪迹
tracetheproblem
ifollowyourtrace＝ifollowwhereyougo
polynesia波利尼西亚
poly-多
polyandric:
awifewithmorethanonehusbandpolygeny:
ahusbandwithmorethanonewife
flint/flint/n.燧石flintinghearted
fossil/
‘fCsl/n.化石cobble鹅卵石Notesonthetext
课文注释readof读到
谈到：
speakof,talkof,knowof,hearof
neareast：
近东mediterranean,southeurope,northafricfareast
非限定性从句，表原因
oral（spoken）languageisearlierthanwrittenlanguage.precede:
什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词counterpart:
twothingsortwopeoplehavethesamepositionoral（spoken）languageisearlierthanwrittencounterpart.
preserve:
保留，保存（腌制）如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用todosth,而不是doingsth.storyteller:
讲故事的人
fortuneteller,palmreader:
算命先生
migration：
移民
１]migrant
２]immigrantv.migrate:
迁移，迁徙migratorybird:
候鸟none:
nobodypeople＋s民族iftheyhadany:
即便是有hisrelatives,ifhehad
any,neverwenttovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.
findout千方百计，费尽周折＝exploremodernmen:
themenwhowerelikeourselveshowever－anywhereyouwant,加逗号
but,yet－不加标点，onlyatthebeginningofthesentencetherefore－自由
so－自由
tool:
小工具instrument:
实验器械equipment:
设备
shape:
成型；
教育，改造mayalsohave:
表推测peel:
果皮
leather:
皮革
hide:
兽皮
cowhide:
牛皮
without（any）trace:
无影无踪
Lesson2Sparethatspider
别伤害蜘蛛
Why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?
Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;
theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.
Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglanceforaspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.
Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?
OneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre,thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.
T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpiderfromTheListener
flocksandherds牛群和羊群
／flCk/
thebirdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether.物以类聚，人以群分
youarethesameflock.也可指人
herd多指牛群
cowherdcowboy
throngandcrowdswarm
owe/[U/vt.感激,欠
ioweyou.
ioweyouabigfavor.
欠issueobligeindebtappreciate----常用口语词正式：
gratefulthankful
beast/bi:
st/n兽
形容人野蛮无比，不能用animal形容
creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性．
fraction/＇frAkF[n/n.小部分
分数，小数
afractionofricewillsufficeonone＇sbehalf代表．．．利益
Ibeatyouonyourbehalf.我打你是为你好onbehalfofsomebody/something
e.gonbehalfofchinesegovernment
onbehalfof＝represent
authority/C:
＇WCriti/n.权威
authorize批准
authoritative权威性的
authoritarian独裁的
－tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏词dictator独裁者
dictatorial独裁的
authorities１．权威（可单数可复数）
２．当局（复数）
census/sens[s/n.统计数据
thefifthnationalpopulationcensus.
censor审查,censorious挑剔的，挑刺的
acre/＇eik[/n.英亩
１acre＝４０４７squaremeters
footballpitch足球场
footballyardfootballcourtfootballfieldbecontentwith满足于
满足作表语，不能出现定语结构
Heiscontentwithstatusquo.
contentedheart:
心满意足的人
spare/spZ[/v.不伤害，宽恕
sparemeHedoesn’tsparehimself.Isparenoeffortstolearnenglish.（sparenoefforts:
不遗余力作什么）
Notesonthetext
课文注释
why,youmaywonder－youmaywonderwhy插入语
先不管插入语，弄清句子结构
youmaywonderwhyspidersshouldbeourfriends？
插入语位置不固定
why以疑问句开头
why,youmaywonder,theproblemofpollutionbefallshumanbeings.why,youmaywonder,oneofmyfriendsissokindhearted.
destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光
tearintopiecesgreatestenemies:
天敌dyingenemy
cryingenemy
dearenemyhumanrace:
人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词
impossible和possible永远不要以人开头
Itisimpossibleforsomebodytodosomething.likely可以以人做主语。
iamlikelytogo.
probable也不以人做主语
theywould表示假设
devour狼吞虎咽devourthefood
makeacakeofmyself
makeagodofmyself
devourthebookit虚拟语气
前面是主句，下面是条件句前面一般的加动词devour,后面用一般过去时
Ifitwerenotfor:
如果这不是因为
Iwouldnotsurviveifitwerenotforhistimelyhelp.butfor一定是虚拟语气＝ifitwerenotfor
owe感激，欠ioweyou.
引出主题
allofthemputtogether:
把他们堆到一起
谓语动词是killdestroyed后置定语，重心转到spider
Lesson3Matterhornman
马特霍恩山区人
Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,themorehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingfortheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifithadneverbeenattainedbefore.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilousnature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitarygoal—thetop!
Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasforthepioneers.ExceptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermattandChamonix,whichhadrapidlybecomepopular,Alpinevillagestendedtobeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsastherewereweregenerallydirtyandflea-ridden;
thefoodsimplylocalcheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastednoinnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycould—sometimeswiththelocalpriest（whowasusuallyaspoorashisparishioners）,sometimeswithshepherdsorcheesemakers.Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame:
dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingseven-coursedinnersandsleepingbetweenfinelinensheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.
1、alpinist（1.1）/’$lpinist/n．登山运动员
climber
mountaineer
词根：
alp
Alps（1.16）/$lps/n．阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine（1.9）/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的
2、attain（1.4）/+’tein/v．到达
togetto
toarriveat/in
toattainone’sgoal=realize
toattainthetop/peak/summit达到顶点attainyouth永葆青春
attainment（n）attainments成就accomplishment
3、perilous（1.5）/’peril+s/adj．危险的peril
（随时可能出现的）危险avalanche雪崩
4、shudder（1.5）/’M]d+/v．不寒而栗
shudder:
quickandsudden
tremble:
longandveryobvious
quiver:
excitement,maybecold
shiver:
coldandnervous
5、gooutofone’sway
专门bytheway顺路
toomuchforme受不起
6、court（multiplemeanings多义词）
1]朝廷
朝臣courtier
2]courteous彬彬有礼的
3]法庭
4]娱乐场足球场soccer/footballcourt高尔夫球场golfcourt
5]追求
6]招致
骄兵必败pridecourtsfailure
7、solitary（1.6）/’s&
lrt+ri/adj．唯一的
sol-独solo独唱
独奏
solitude孤独
Iliveinsolitude.=Ilivealonelylife.
8、pioneer（1.2）/?
pai+’n+/v．开辟，倡导；
n．先锋，开辟者
9、impoverish（11.9-10）/$m’p&
v+rM/v．使贫困poor（口语词）
罗素名言：
Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfaceinpoverishmentiftheycansecure
completeruinfortheirrival,hencepresentleveloftaxation.
许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。
10、coarse（1.12）/k&
:
s/adj．粗劣的
coarsethroat嗓子哑sorethroat
嗓子发炎coarsefare
粗粮
refinedfair细粮
coarseandrefined
inacoarsemanner粗暴无礼
11、boast（1.12）/b+ust/v．自恃有
用法：
以人作主语，夸耀；
以物作主语，拥有
Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.
Thecenterboastsate
升级会员 