最新新概念英语第4册课文笔记文档格式.docx

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最新新概念英语第4册课文笔记文档格式.docx

legend/’ledV[nd/n.传说,传奇

unreale.grobinhood

anthropologist/‘AnWr[’pCl[dVist/n.人类学家

anthrop:

philosophere:

philo+sopher|爱+智慧=哲学家

philanthropist:

慈善家(对人有爱心的人)

anthropology:

人类学

带-gy结尾的都是学科:

biology生物学geography地理学ecology生态学

remote/ri’m[ut/n.遥远

ancestor/‘Ansest[/n.祖先

an

在前面

forefather,forebear,predecessor祖先

rot/rCt/v.烂掉

leavemerot.=leavemealong

rottodeath.

soonripe,soonrotten.

decay国家民族逐渐衰亡decompose逐渐衰竭deteriorate关系逐渐恶化

trace/treis/n.痕迹,踪迹

tracetheproblem

ifollowyourtrace=ifollowwhereyougo

polynesia波利尼西亚

poly-多

polyandric:

awifewithmorethanonehusbandpolygeny:

ahusbandwithmorethanonewife

flint/flint/n.燧石flintinghearted

fossil/

‘fCsl/n.化石cobble鹅卵石Notesonthetext

课文注释readof读到

谈到:

speakof,talkof,knowof,hearof

neareast:

近东mediterranean,southeurope,northafricfareast

非限定性从句,表原因

oral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittenlanguage.precede:

什么在什么之前,不用比较,直接跟名词counterpart:

twothingsortwopeoplehavethesamepositionoral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittencounterpart.

preserve:

保留,保存(腌制)如果句中有only,那后面的表语结构就要用todosth,而不是doingsth.storyteller:

讲故事的人

fortuneteller,palmreader:

算命先生

migration:

移民

1]migrant

2]immigrantv.migrate:

迁移,迁徙migratorybird:

候鸟none:

nobodypeople+s民族iftheyhadany:

即便是有hisrelatives,ifhehad

any,neverwenttovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.

findout千方百计,费尽周折=exploremodernmen:

themenwhowerelikeourselveshowever-anywhereyouwant,加逗号

but,yet-不加标点,onlyatthebeginningofthesentencetherefore-自由

so-自由

tool:

小工具instrument:

实验器械equipment:

设备

shape:

成型;

教育,改造mayalsohave:

表推测peel:

果皮

leather:

皮革

hide:

兽皮

cowhide:

牛皮

without(any)trace:

无影无踪

Lesson2Sparethatspider

别伤害蜘蛛

Why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?

Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;

theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.

Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglanceforaspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.

Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?

OneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre,thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.

T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpiderfromTheListener

flocksandherds牛群和羊群

/flCk/

thebirdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether.物以类聚,人以群分

youarethesameflock.也可指人

herd多指牛群

cowherdcowboy

throngandcrowdswarm

owe/[U/vt.感激,欠

ioweyou.

ioweyouabigfavor.

欠issueobligeindebtappreciate----常用口语词正式:

gratefulthankful

beast/bi:

st/n兽

形容人野蛮无比,不能用animal形容

creature可以指小孩,女人,不用于男性.

fraction/'frAkF[n/n.小部分

分数,小数

afractionofricewillsufficeonone'sbehalf代表...利益

Ibeatyouonyourbehalf.我打你是为你好onbehalfofsomebody/something

e.gonbehalfofchinesegovernment

onbehalfof=represent

authority/C:

'WCriti/n.权威

authorize批准

authoritative权威性的

authoritarian独裁的

-tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏词dictator独裁者

dictatorial独裁的

authorities1.权威(可单数可复数)

2.当局(复数)

census/sens[s/n.统计数据

thefifthnationalpopulationcensus.

censor审查,censorious挑剔的,挑刺的

acre/'eik[/n.英亩

1acre=4047squaremeters

footballpitch足球场

footballyardfootballcourtfootballfieldbecontentwith满足于

满足作表语,不能出现定语结构

Heiscontentwithstatusquo.

contentedheart:

心满意足的人

spare/spZ[/v.不伤害,宽恕

sparemeHedoesn’tsparehimself.Isparenoeffortstolearnenglish.(sparenoefforts:

不遗余力作什么)

Notesonthetext

课文注释

why,youmaywonder-youmaywonderwhy插入语

先不管插入语,弄清句子结构

youmaywonderwhyspidersshouldbeourfriends?

插入语位置不固定

why以疑问句开头

why,youmaywonder,theproblemofpollutionbefallshumanbeings.why,youmaywonder,oneofmyfriendsissokindhearted.

destroy程度比damage要重得多,片甲不留,消灭光

tearintopiecesgreatestenemies:

天敌dyingenemy

cryingenemy

dearenemyhumanrace:

人的种族,一般不加复数,表示一个总称词

impossible和possible永远不要以人开头

Itisimpossibleforsomebodytodosomething.likely可以以人做主语。

iamlikelytogo.

probable也不以人做主语

theywould表示假设

devour狼吞虎咽devourthefood

makeacakeofmyself

makeagodofmyself

devourthebookit虚拟语气

前面是主句,下面是条件句前面一般的加动词devour,后面用一般过去时

Ifitwerenotfor:

如果这不是因为

Iwouldnotsurviveifitwerenotforhistimelyhelp.butfor一定是虚拟语气=ifitwerenotfor

owe感激,欠ioweyou.

引出主题

allofthemputtogether:

把他们堆到一起

谓语动词是killdestroyed后置定语,重心转到spider

Lesson3Matterhornman

马特霍恩山区人

Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,themorehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingfortheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifithadneverbeenattainedbefore.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilousnature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitarygoal—thetop!

Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasforthepioneers.ExceptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermattandChamonix,whichhadrapidlybecomepopular,Alpinevillagestendedtobeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsastherewereweregenerallydirtyandflea-ridden;

thefoodsimplylocalcheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastednoinnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycould—sometimeswiththelocalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoorashisparishioners),sometimeswithshepherdsorcheesemakers.Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame:

dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingseven-coursedinnersandsleepingbetweenfinelinensheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.

1、alpinist(1.1)/’$lpinist/n.登山运动员

climber

mountaineer

词根:

alp

Alps(1.16)/$lps/n.阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj.阿尔卑斯山的

2、attain(1.4)/+’tein/v.到达

togetto

toarriveat/in

toattainone’sgoal=realize

toattainthetop/peak/summit达到顶点attainyouth永葆青春

attainment(n)attainments成就accomplishment

3、perilous(1.5)/’peril+s/adj.危险的peril

(随时可能出现的)危险avalanche雪崩

4、shudder(1.5)/’M]d+/v.不寒而栗

shudder:

quickandsudden

tremble:

longandveryobvious

quiver:

excitement,maybecold

shiver:

coldandnervous

5、gooutofone’sway

专门bytheway顺路

toomuchforme受不起

6、court(multiplemeanings多义词)

1]朝廷

朝臣courtier

2]courteous彬彬有礼的

3]法庭

4]娱乐场足球场soccer/footballcourt高尔夫球场golfcourt

5]追求

6]招致

骄兵必败pridecourtsfailure

7、solitary(1.6)/’s&

lrt+ri/adj.唯一的

sol-独solo独唱

独奏

solitude孤独

Iliveinsolitude.=Ilivealonelylife.

8、pioneer(1.2)/?

pai+’n+/v.开辟,倡导;

n.先锋,开辟者

9、impoverish(11.9-10)/$m’p&

v+rM/v.使贫困poor(口语词)

罗素名言:

Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfaceinpoverishmentiftheycansecure

completeruinfortheirrival,hencepresentleveloftaxation.

许多人会高兴的面对贫困,如果他们能使对手落魄,因此出现了现在的税收水平。

10、coarse(1.12)/k&

:

s/adj.粗劣的

coarsethroat嗓子哑sorethroat

嗓子发炎coarsefare

粗粮

refinedfair细粮

coarseandrefined

inacoarsemanner粗暴无礼

11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v.自恃有

用法:

以人作主语,夸耀;

以物作主语,拥有

Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.

Thecenterboastsate

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