7A文雅思阅读之小标题题型详解Word文档格式.docx

1、 精读首句，浏览全段，读一段，做一道。 若找不出主题，暂时放弃，先做其他段落。 碰到两个选项不能确定，先都作为备选项列出，最后用排除法筛选。 某段话的答案确定后，将它对应的选项划去如何找主题句 带转折性的句子 归纳总结的句子 表达观点的句子 问句后面的句子 举例前面的句子 位置：段落首尾句段落的构成和解读 （1）Careneedstobetakenwithreligiousitems.（2）Therehavebeenanumberofincidentsovertheyearsinvolvingforeignersthathavedrawnastrongreactionfromanoffende

2、dgovernmentandpeople-foreGample,thefamilyoftouristswhofoolishlyclamberedalloverareveredBuddhastatue.（3）Whenbuyinganobject,itisimportanttodistinguishbetweentheobjectsaestheticappealanditsreligioussignificance.（4）RepresentationsoftheBuddha,foreGample,mustbeplacedat.（连接词PPT）寻找主题句 Thesensesoftouchhassom

3、etimesbeendescribedasweaktoo,butthisviewisprobablymistaken.Trainersofcaptivedolphinsandsmallwhalesoftenremarkontheiranimalsresponsivenesstobeingtouchedorrubbed,andbothcaptiveandfree-rangingcetaceanindividualsofallspeciesappeartomakefrequentcontact.Thiscontactmayhelptomaintainorderwithinagroup,andstr

4、okingandtouchingarepartofthecourtshipritualinmostspecies. Thesensesoftouchhassometimesbeendescribedasweaktoo,but this view is probably mistaken.Trainersofcaptivedolphinsandsmallwhalesoftenremarkontheiranimalsresponsivenesstobeingtouchedorrubbed,andbothcaptiveandfree-rangingcetaceanindividualsofallsp

5、eciesappeartomakefrequentcontact.Thiscontactmayhelptomaintainorderwithinagroup,andstrokingandtouchingarepartofthecourtshipritualinmostspecies. Alloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.Afull94%ascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.Butotherpairsrevealedlessagreement.Whenwetestedfourtotallybli

6、ndvolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheirchoicescloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.Oneman,whohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredeGtremelywell.Hemadeonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigningfartosquareandneartocircle.Thus,weconcludedthattheblindinterpretabstractshapesassightedpeopledo.

7、 Alloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard.Afull94%ascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.Butotherpairsrevealedlessagreement.Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheirchoicescloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.Oneman,whohadbeenblindsincebirth,scoredeGtre

8、melywell.Hemadeonlyonematchdifferingfromtheconsensus,assigningfartosquareandneartocircle.Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do. Whiletropicalareaswillbecomedrieranduninhabitable,coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbytheseaast

9、hepolaricecapsmelt.PopulareGoticdestinationsnowvisitedbycountlesstouristswillbecomeno-goareas.Todaysholidayhotspots-toohottoliveinorvisit.Withthecurrenterraticbehavioroftheweather,itisdifficultnottosubscribetosuchdespair. Apessimisticviewofthefuture Whiletropical areaswillbecomedrieranduninhabitable

10、,coastal regionsandsomelow-lying islandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbytheseaasthepolar ice capsmelt.PopulareGotic destinationsnowvisitedbycountlesstouristswillbecomeno-goareas.Todaysholiday hotspots-toohottoliveinorvisit.Withthecurrenterraticbehavioroftheweather,itisdifficultnottosubscribetosuchd

11、espair. Someofthesensesthatweandotherterrestrialmammalstakeforgrantedareeitherreducedorabsentincetaceansorfailtofunctionwellinwater.ForeGample,itappearsfromtheirbrainstructurethattoothedspeciesareunabletosmell Whydopeoplerejectthelanguageoftheirparents?Itstartedwithacrisisofconfidence.Whenasmallcomm

12、unityfindsitselfalongsidealarger,wealthiersociety,peoplelosefaithintheirculture.WhentheneGtgenerationreachestheirteens,theymightnotwanttobeinducedintotheoldtraditions.名词概念的种属关系 Throughtheages,greatfloodsalternatedwithlongperiodsofdroughthaveassaultedpeopleandtheirenvironment,hamperingtheirfragilefig

13、htforsurvival.ThedramaticchangestotheenvironmentthatarenowafeatureofourdailynewsarenoteGactlynew:fieldsthatwereonceteemingwithlifearenowlonggone;savannahhasbeenturnedtodesert.Whatperhapsisnewisournaivewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature. Thedestructiveforceof waterinformertimes.Environmental change

14、hasalwaysbeenwithus Throughtheages,greatfloodsalternatedwithlongperiodsofdroughthaveassaultedpeopleandtheirenvironment,hamperingtheirfragilefightforsurvival.Thedramaticchanges to the environmentthatarenowafeatureofourdailynewsarenoteGactlynew:注意段落之间的衔接关系 SuchvariationcanbeeGplainedwiththereferenceto

15、thehabitatsinwhichindividualspecieshavedeveloped.ForeGample Althoughthesensesoftasteandsmellappeartohavedeteriorated,andvisioninwaterappearstobeuncertain,suchweaknessesaremorethancompensatedforbycetaceanswell-developedacousticsense. Such variationcanbeeGplainedwiththereferencetothehabitatsinwhichind

16、ividualspecieshavedeveloped.ForeGample Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknessesaremorethancompensatedforbycetaceanswell-developedacousticsense.读出真正的主题 Now,however,thereturnsouttobemoretothestory However,thereisan

17、othertypeoflaughter.Thelaughterofsocialappeasementisimportanttoo新段必须具备新内容 TheevidenceforarevisedviewofAmazoniawilltakemanypeoplebysurprise.Ecologisthaveassumedthattropicalecosystemswereshapedentirelybynaturalforcesandtheyhavefocusedtheirresearchonhabitatstheybelievehaveescapedhumaninfluence.Butasthe

18、UniversityofFloridaecologist,PeterFeinsinger,hasnoted,anapproachthatleavespeopleoutoftheequationisnolongertenable.ThearchaeologicalevidenceshowsthatthenaturalhistoryofAmazoniaistoasurprisingeGtenttiedtotheactivitiesofitsprehistoricinhabitants. The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take ma

19、ny people by surprise.Ecologisthaveassumed thattropicalecosystemswereshapedentirelybynaturalforcesandtheyhavefocusedtheirresearchonhabitatstheybelievehaveescapedhumaninfluence.ButastheUniversityofFloridaecologist,PeterFeinsinger,hasnoted,anapproachthatleavespeopleoutoftheequationisnolongertenable.Th

20、earchaeologicalevidenceshowsthatthe natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising eGtent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.读出主题句的气质 Playingisaseriousbusiness. Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinboththemostjustandmosteffici

21、entway,isnotanewone. Manyproceduresareavailableforobtainingdataaboutalanguage. Whatmakesalanguageendangeredisnotjustthenumberofspeakers,buthowoldtheyare. Manystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbourmisconceptionsaboutpure,curriculumscience.技巧 重复出现是标题：读出主题名词 转折后面是标题 判断句型、强调句型是标题 注意段落的承接关系 选择题的技巧完全适用 注意体会一

22、些特殊选项:first,traditional,howsthoperates,opposition,future OncenorthofCairo,mostoftheNilewaterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometersofirrigationcanalsandonlyasmallproportionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta.Thewaterintheirrigationcanalsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrythesedimen

23、t.Thesedimentsinkstothebottomofthecanalsandthenisaddedtofieldsbyfarmersorpumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoonsthatarelocatedneartheoutedgesofthedelta.SoverylittleofitactuallyreachesthecoastlinetoreplacewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents. OncenorthofCairo,most of the Nile w

24、aterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometersofirrigationcanalsandonlyasmallproportionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta.The water in the irrigation canalsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrythesediment.The sedimentsinkstothebottomofthecanalsandthenisaddedtofieldsbyfarmersorpumpedwit

25、hthewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoonsthatarelocatedneartheoutedgesofthedelta.Soverylittleof it actuallyreachesthecoastlinetoreplacewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents. OncenorthofCairo,most of the Nile waterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometersofirrigation canalsandonlyasmallpropor

26、tionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta.The water in the irrigation canalsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrythesediment.The sedimentsinkstothebottomofthecanalsandthenisaddedtofieldsbyfarmersorpumpedwiththewaterintothefourlargefreshwaterlagoonsthatarelocatedneartheoutedgesofthedel

27、ta.Soverylittleof it actuallyreachesthecoastlinetoreplacewhatisbeingwashedawaybytheMediterraneancurrents.小标题的结构与文章结构：Volcano Causesofvolcaniceruption Effortstopredictvolcaniceruption Volcanoesandthefeaturesofourplanet Differenttypesofvolcaniceruption Internationalreliefefforts Theunpredictabilityofv

28、olcaniceruptions小标题的启示 EarlyresearchamongtheIndianAmazons FragileregionsandthereasonsfortheeGpansion Thedisruptive effectsofwildernesstourism Recyclingofwastepaper Interruptinganaturalprocess Theimpactof recentchange Lessvaluablesedimentthanbefore Lookatthelong-term impact Egyptsdisappearing coastli

29、ne干扰选项的特点 文章根本没提到的主题 与文章主题完全相反的选项 段落中未展开说明的细节体会干扰选项的特点 Moreandmorewomenarenowjoiningthepaidlaborforceworldwide.Theyrepresentthemajorityoftheworkforceinallthesectors-informalandfleGiblesuchashomeworking,temporary,lowpaidandsoon.Evenincountrieswhichhavelowlevelsofwomenpaidworkers,suchasArabcountries,employmentisrising. Athepaidlaborforce Bwomenworkingparttime Cmorewomeninthelaborforce Dtherisin