国际商务 查尔斯希尔IMChapter09Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 Discuss Regional economic integration in Asia and Africa.This chapter discusses regional economic integration, agreements among countries within a geographic region to achieve economic gains from the free flow of trade and investment among themselves.A number of levels of economic integration are p

2、ossible in theory. In order of increasing integration, they include free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union, and full political union. Integration is not easily achieved or sustained. Although integration brings benefits to the majority, it is never without costs for the minori

3、ty. Concerns over sovereignty often slow or stop integration attempts.The creation of single markets in the EU and North America means that many markets that were formerly protected from foreign competition are now more open. This creates major investment and export opportunities for firms within an

4、d outside these regions.The free movement of goods across borders, the harmonization of product standards, and the simplification of tax regimes make it possible for firms based in a free trade area to realize potentially enormous cost economies by centralizing production in those locations within t

5、he area where the mix of factor costs and skills is optimal.OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 8: REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Opening Case: Creating a Single European Market in Financial Services Introduction Levels of Economic Integration Free Trade Area / Customs Union / Common Market / Economic Union / Politic

6、al Union The Case for Regional Integration The Economic Case for Integration The Political Case for Integration Impediments to Integration The Case against Regional Integration. Regional Economic Integration in Europe Evolution of the European Union Political Structure of the European UnionManagemen

7、t Focus: The Euro Commission and Media Industry Mergers The Single European Act/The Establishment of the Euro Enlargement of the European Union Regional Economic Integration of the Americas The North American Free Trade Agreement The Andean Pact/MERCOSUR Central American Common Market and CARICOM Fr

8、ee Trade Area of the Americas Regional Economic Integration Elsewhere Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Regional Trade Blocks in Africa Focus on Managerial Implications Closing Case: Car Price Differentials in the European UnionTEACHING SUGGESTIONSYou might beg

9、in this class with a discussion about whether regional economic integration is good and valuable or whether it encourages the developed nations to trade with each other and leaves the developing nations out in the cold, except for commodities. Then you might ask why the class thinks Switzerland chos

10、e not to join the EU, and why Great Britain, Denmark and Sweden chose not to participate in the euro currency. TRANSITION The idea of how difficult these arrangements can be to negotiate can be used to transition into the Opening Case. Why are Italian bankers not excited about the business prospects

11、 that could await them in other EU countries?LECTURE OUTLINE FOR CHAPTER This teaching outline follows the PowerPoint presentation provided along with this instructors manual. The PPT slides include extensive notes that are printable under viewnotes page. What follows is a summary.Slide 9-3 Introduc

12、tionAn example of regional economic integration is found in the EU. Barriers to cross border trade among countries of the European Union were removed in 1993 by The Single European Act. In 1999, when most of the EU states adopted the Euro, price comparison across national borders was made easier. Th

13、e expectation was with increased competition （due to lowering of trade barriers）, prices would fall. In the auto industry, however, significant variances remained in the price of automobiles. The primary reason for price differentials in the auto industry is the Bloc exemption clause that allowed au

14、tomakers to dictate where dealers should be located, where they can sell and how many brands. This practice created restricted competition and led to differential pricing. Slides 9-4, 9-5, 9-6 Levels of Economic Integration Free Trade Area, Customs Union, Common Market, Economic Union, Political Uni

15、onSlide 9-7 Economic Case for IntegrationSlide 9-8 The Political Case for IntegrationSlide 9-9 Impediments to IntegrationThe passage of NAFTA in the U.S. offers examples of impediments, especially from the textile industry.Slide 9-10 The Case Against Regional Economic IntegrationSlide 9-11 Regional

16、Economic Integration in EuropeEuropean Union and European Free Trade Association Slide 9-12 Evolution of the European Union European Coal and Steel Community, The Treaty of Rome （1957）, The Treaty of Maastricht （1994） Slide 9-13 European Union Members 2005 Slides 9-14, 9-15 Political Structure of th

17、e European UnionEuropean Council and European CommissionSlide 9-16, 9-17, 9-18 The Single European Act The Single European Act called for the removal of border controls, mutual recognition of standards, open public procurement, a barrier free financial services industry, no currency exchange control

18、s, free and open freight transport, and freer and more open competition. Slide 9-19 The Euro: Benefits and Costs Slides 9-20, 9-21 Enlargement of the European UnionSlide 9-22, 9-23 North American Free Trade Agreement （NAFTA） Slide 9-24 The Case For and Against NAFTA This site has a nice set of argum

19、ents for and against NAFTA. http:/www.business.uca.edu/isaltz/freetrad.html Slides 9-25, 9-26 NAFTA ResultsSlide 9-27 The Andean Community （ANCOM） Slide 9-28 MERCOSURIn some industries MERCOSUR is trade diverting rather than trade creating, and local firms are investing in industries that are not co

20、mpetitive on a worldwide basis. Slide 9-29 Other Hemisphere AssociationsSlide 9-30 Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）Slide 9-31 ASEAN CountriesSlide 9-32 Asia PacificSlide 9-33 APEC CountriesSlide 9-34 Regional Trade Blocks in AfricaSlide 9-35 Implications of ManagersSlide 9-36 Looking A

21、head to Chapter 10The Foreign Exchange MarketANOTHER PERSPECTIVEThese are comments or illustrations of material in the text that build from unusual applications or other views of the major concepts. You may find them useful to stimulate discussion or to help bring a concept home to your students.Eco

22、nomic Integration and Your Career MovesThink about how economic integration might influence your career. First, it makes country-to-country moves within Europe relatively easy for Europeans. Sure, you still have to pack up the house, find a new home, and get your kids into good schools, but no paper

23、work, visa or work permit are necessary. For an American citizen, a move to Europe or from one European country to another would require a work permit and possibly a visa. From a human resources point of view, the European citizens mobility within Europe might be seen as an advantage for the Europea

24、n.Romas in the EU: Open Borders for Gypsies?With the 2004 entry of 10 Eastern European nations into the EU, the 15 older members are worried about cheap labor flooding their economies, so many of the EU members have established temporary entry barriers for nationals of the new member states. France

25、seems especially afraid of Polish plumbers, so the Polish government is using the image of a handsome Polish plumber in its tourist advertisements, in parody of the French fear.In the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary live 1.5 million gypsies, Romas, whose nomadic traditions raise fears, especial

26、ly in countries where the welfare system is easily accessible.That fear is based on the assumption that the Roma can move and cannot be integrated. The likelihood is that they are so poor that they cannot move. In Eastern Slovakia, near the Ukrainian border, they live in shantytowns without running

27、water. Unemployment is at nearly 100%. In fact, it is the Roma who may well suffer from membership in the EU, via brain drainthey will lose their best minds to the more developed EU economies.The NAFTA Arbitration Panel and U.S. CourtsOne of the most difficult areas of regional economic integration

28、is the integration of legal systems. The NAFTA agreement established a three-judge panel that stands apart from its member states judicial systems to hear NAFTA arbitration claims. The NAFTA Arbitration Panel gives companies involved in complaints in a foreign country the confidence that their griev

29、ance will be heard with reduced possibility of bias. To that end, the hearings are secret. Because these judges act outside the authority of the U.S., Canadian, and Mexican court systems, they also give foreign companies protection from the local courts.ANSWERS TO CRITICAL DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR C

30、HAPTER 9QUESTION 1: NAFTA has produced significant benefits for the Canadian, Mexican and US economy.” Discuss.ANSWER 1: NAFTAs impact has been small and positive overall. There have been sector adjustments that have been quite painful for individual towns and workers （textile industry）, but overall the impact of NAFTA seems to have been positive. Mexico has gained a lot from NAFTA, and the U.S. has as well, in that it now has a stable, democratic neighbor. Trade among the NAFTA m