1、”表示)构成一个节奏群,有时一个节奏群是一个空拍(“”表示)开始的(空拍在英语中也叫做“silentstress”)。节奏群用“/”来标识。我们用大致相同的时间来朗读每个节奏群。因此,为了真正取得节奏效果,碰到轻音少的节奏时,我们就可以念慢些,轻音较多的节奏群则必须念快一些。例如:daylight/flashlight.One/Two/Three/Four,/lets/go/lets/youngersister/leftthebagatthe/furniture.两个重音之间的轻读音节越多,我们在每个轻读音节上花的时间便越少。有时一个节奏群是以空拍开始,后面紧跟着几个轻音节,这样的节奏群常见句
2、首或句子中需要停顿的地方。Heisa/student./Yes/Peter,/hewasat/home.五.弱读单词在句中可以强读,也可以弱读,主要取决于上下文所表达的意思。有些英语单词本身具有两种或两种以上不同发音。以单词some为例,该词在重读或单独出现时,其元音的发音与单词sum完全一样。但是,当some在句子中作为非重读单词时,其元音就显得短而模糊。弱读音节中最常见的音是中元音的连读在英语的实际运用中,人们常将属于同一意群的词连在一起,一口气说出来。意群中词与词之间不留空隙,这种读法叫“连读”(用“(”来表示)。英语有三种连读形式:(1)辅音(除了/r/、/w/和/j/)元音:单词末尾
3、的辅音同下一个以元音开头的单词连读。readi(t/ri:dit/,brushu(p/brp/。在朗读这种连读时,可以采用这样的技巧:把前面词的末尾辅音移到后一个词的开头来读。puti(to(n可读成/pu-ti-tn/。(2)元音元音:前一个词的末尾元音和后一个词的起首元音连在一起读出,使它们中间不出现停顿。doit/du-it/,heatesome/hietsm/,轻轻地滑到下一个元音上。(3)/r/ 元音:这一类连读分为词末连接音/r/和外加音/r/与元音的连读。a)单词末尾或音节末尾的r在英式英语中是不发音的。但是,在连贯话语里,如果这个单词后面紧跟着一个以元音开头的词,而且两个词在意
4、义上密切相关且中间无停顿隔开时,就可能是原来不发音的字母r读为/r/,并同后一个单词的元音字首相连。thereis/riz/,forever/f:rev/。b)为了避免让两个意义相关的比邻词的末首元音分立而读,我们通常在前一个词的结尾元音和后面单词的起首元音之间加上/r/音,这就是外加音/r/。ideaofit/aidirvit/,thesofaoverthere/sufruv-/。七.语调我们说话时可以随意改变音高,使音调上升或下降。我们还可以像歌唱家那样突然抬高话语的音调。音调的这种上扬或下降叫语调。英语有两种基本的语调:升调和降调(分别用符号“.”、“sport.(用于陈述句表示肯定的意
5、义)b)Whatdidyoufindthere?(降调用于特殊疑问句表示说话人浓厚的兴趣)c)Tellmeallaboutit.(语气较强的命令)d)Haveyougotthetickets?(降调用于一般疑问句表示说话人的态度粗率、不耐烦或不高兴)e)Hownice!(用于感叹句,表示感叹)英语中除了升调、降调这两种最基本的语调外,还有降升调、升降调、升降升调、平调等。我们掌握了基本的降升调后,可以查阅参考书,再增加这方面的知识.连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重,也不可音。(连读符号:)(1)“辅音+
6、元音”型连读在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。ImanEnglish boy.Itisanold book.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday.I calledyou halfanhourago.Putiton, please.Notatall.Please pickitup.(2)“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。Theyr
7、e my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Hereis a letter for you.Hereare foureggs.But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister?但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读)
8、(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。Thankyou.Nice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyou likea cupof tea?Couldyou help me, please?“音的同化”常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/,did you听上成了/dIdVu/,would you成了/wudVu/,could you成了/kudVu/。(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间
9、断地连读到一起。Iam Chinese.Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?She cant carryit.Itll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer.(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)Thereisa good book
10、in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读)Can you speakEnglish or French? (English与or之间不可以连读)Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读)She opened the door and walkedin. (door与and之间不可以连读)失去爆破6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”
11、型6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too
12、.Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book.(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/
13、失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.Goo(d) morning, dear.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.I wen(t) there alone a(t) n
14、ine las(t) night.-Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know.The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao.爆破音+m/n,爆破音也会失爆!/p/, /t/, /k/开头的音节发 /b/, /d/, /g/在背诵新东方80篇,总结出来的一点东西:1. 音标中无重读音节的,要轻轻的读,不要读出有高低调的声音!不要老爱把音节读成渐高调,感觉有点歇斯底里,很难听的!2. 重音且长音要尽量拖长,发音要饱满,但是i:除外,这个音节只需轻轻
15、带过!ee、啊:、呃:读起来让人听着这个音节很明显。3. 短音的i有时候不发音,只起到一个连接的作用;英语连读规则“连读”在英语中叫Word Connections,借用法语的词汇时叫Liaison,读音为lieizn在这里要多说一句:从法语中借来的词读音一般都比较怪,一定要先查字典再去读它,免得搞错,比如debutdeibju:连读的意义连读是语调中非常重要的一个组成要素。而语调是让别人更好听懂、更好理解的重要途径语调的正确,比发音的准确还要重要。因为语调涉及的内容太多,而且很难用文字来描述,所以在这里只讲连读。可能有人会认为连读会造成别人的理解困难,他们认为:还是把单词一个挨一个地读清楚更
16、容易听明白。虽然这种说法明显是错误的,但是在这里我也不想浪费文字去反驳,读者们请自行决定是否要阅读或者离开。一个例子这里是一个连读的例子。在这个例子里,不仅仅有连读的存在,还包含发音的一些变化,请仔细分辨:书写英语:They tell me that Im easier to understand.口语连读:theytellme thedaimeasier der-undersdand连读的分类英语中的连读主要有四种:1)辅音+元音的连读(Consonant + Vowel)2)辅音+辅音的连读3)元音+元音的连读4)T, D, S 或 Z + Y的连读1. 辅音+元音的连读一般来说中国人比较
17、熟悉这种连读前一个词由辅音结尾,后一个词由元音开头,于是就很自然地连起来了,比如:My name is my nay?mizbecause Ive. bkz?ivpick up on the American intonation pi?k? pan the(y) ?mer nin?t?nash?n不只是句子中,读字母缩写也可以连读:LA eh?Lay读数字时也可以连读:902 5050 nai?no?too fai?vo?fai?vo再来几个简单例子:hold on hol donturn over tur novertell her I miss her teller I misser因为
18、这种连读一般初中生都会,在这里就不详细介绍了,重头戏在后面,马上开演。2. 辅音+辅音的连读这个很难用文字描述,放到最后再讲。3. 元音+元音的连读如果前一个词是由元音u结尾,下一个词由元音开头,那么,在u后面加上一个辅音w如果前一个词是由元音i结尾,下一个词由元音开头,那么,在i后面加上一个辅音y只说规则似乎有点不好理解,看例子就明白了。Go away. Go(w)away在电影Big Fish中,巨人Carl说过这句话。因为巨人说话又慢又重,所以那个w很明显。再来看一个例子:I also need the other one. I(y)also need thee(y)other one这
19、种连读不能把辅音w或者j发得太重,否则会显得很傻,但是不发这两个辅音的话又会很难念得顺口。go anywhere go(w)anywhereso honest so(w)honestthrough our through(w)ouryou are you(w)arehe is he(y)isdo I? do(w)I?I asked I(y)askedto open to(w)openshe always she(y)alwaystoo often too(w)often4. T, D, S 或 Z + Y的连读如果前面的单词是以T/D/S/Z结尾,后面的单词是以Y开头(一般是you这个词),那
20、么有如下的连读规则可以使用。. T + Y = CHWhats your name? w?cher nameCant you do it? k?nt chew do(w)itActually ?kchullyDont you like it? dont chew lye kitWouldnt you? wooden chewHavent you? h?ven chewNo, not yet. nou, n? chetIll let you know. Ill letcha knowCan I get you a drink? kn?i getchew? drinkWe thought you
21、werent coming. we th? chew wrnt k?mingIll bet you ten bucks he forgot. ?l betcha ten buxee frg?tIs that your final answer? is th?chr finl?n srnatural n?chr?lperpetual perpech?(w)?virtual vrch?. D + Y = JDid you see it? didj? see(y)itHow did you like it?o?j? lye kitCould you tell? k tellWhere did you
22、 send your check? wrj? senjer checkWhat did your family think?jer f?mlee thinkDid you find your keys? fine jer keezWe followed your instructions. we fallow jerin str?ctionzCongratulations!ngr?jlationzeducation edj?cationindividual ind?vij?graduation gr?(w)ationgradual gr?. S + Y = SHYes, you are. ye
23、shu areInsurance inshuranceBless you! blesshuePress your hands together. pressure hanz dgethrCan you dress yourself? c new dreshier selfYou can pass your exams this year. yukn p?sher egz?mz thisheerIll try to guess your age. ?l tryd? geshierageLet him gas your car for you. leddim g?shier c?r fr you.
24、 Z + Y = ZHHows your family?ozhier f?mleeHow was your trip?ow?zhier tripWhos your friend? hoozhier frendWheres your mom? wrzhr m?mWhens your birthday? wnzhr brthdayShe says youre OK. she szhierou kayWho does your hair? hoo d?zhier hrcasual k?zhy?visual viusual yu?version vrzhvision vizh附录: 音节省略和连读放在
25、一起I have got to go. Ive gotta go. I have got a book. Ive gotta book.Do you want to dance? Wanna dance?Do you want a banana? Wanna banana?Let me in. Lemme in. Let me go. Lemme go.Ill let you know. Ill letcha know.Did you do it? Dija do it?Not yet. N? chet.Ill meet you later. Ill meechu layder.What do you think? Whaddyu think?What did you do with it? Whajoo do with it? Howja like it?When did you get it? When ju geddit?Why did you take it? Whyju tay kit?Why dont you try it? Why don chu try it?What are you waiting for? Whaddya waitin for?What are you d
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