英语演讲选修课教案11informWord文档格式.docx

1、2. Speeches about processes chronological order3. Speeches about events chronological order causal order4. #Speeches about concepts topical order5. *Guidelines for informative speaking教学目的要求：Get students familiarize with types of informative speeches and tips for these kinds of speeches. 教学方法和教学手段：讲

2、授； ppt讨论、思考题、作业：What are the four types of informative speeches discussed in this chapter?What are the three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?Presentation 3: Informative speech presentation参考资料：The art of public speakingBe a great speech maker注：教案附后Lesson 10 Infor

3、mative Speech IIInformative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.When your general purpose is to inform, you act as a teacher or lecturer. Your goal is to convey information -and do it clearly, accurately and interestingly, your aim is to enhance the knowledge and understa

4、nding of your listeners-to give them information they did not have before.The informative speeches occur in a wide range of everyday situations.Types of informative speeches5. Speeches about objects6. Speeches about processes7. Speeches about events8. Speeches about conceptsObject: anything that is

5、visible, tangible, and stable in form.Objects may have having parts or to be alive, they may include places, structures, animals, or even people.You will not have time to cover everything about an object, just focus on one aspect When you organize the speech you may choose one of the three organizat

6、ional methods: chronological; spatial and topical.If your specific purpose is to explain the history or evolution of your subject, you can put your speech in chronological order （A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern）. For instance:Specific purpose: To inform

7、 my audience about the major achievements of Frederick DouglassCentral idea: Although born in slavery, Frederick Douglass became one of the greatest figures in American history.Main points: I. Douglass spent the first 20 years of his life as a slave in Maryland. II. After escaping to the North, Doug

8、lass became a leader in the abolitionist movement to end slavery III. During the Civil War, Douglass helped establish black regiments in the Union Army. IV. After the war, Douglass was a tireless champion of equal rights for his race. If your specific purpose is to describe the main features of your

9、 subject, you may organize your speech in spatial order （A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern）. To inform my audience about the major land regions in Spain There are five major land regions in Spain. I. The Northern part II. The western III. The centr

10、al IV. The eastern V. The Southern partSome of the speeches about objects fall into topical order （A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics）. Here is an example: To inform my audience about the major alternative-fuel cars now bei

11、ng developed. The major alternative-fuel cars now being developed are powered by electricity, natural gas, methanol, or hydrogen. I. one kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by electricity. II. A second kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by natural gas. III. A third kind of alternative-fuel

12、car is powered by methanol. IV. A fourth kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by hydrogen.Other methods of speech organization:Causal order: A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which t

13、he first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.2. Speeches about processProcess: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.Speeches of process explain how something is made, how something is done,

14、 or how something works. When informing about a process, we will usually arrange our speech in chronological order, explaining the process step by step from beginning to end. For example: To inform my audience about the major steps in the classic Japanese tea ceremony. There are five major steps in

15、the classic Japanese tea ceremony. I. First, the guests approach the teahouse, taking times on the way to purify their hands. II. Second, the guests enter the tea house, admire the hanging scroll and the vase with a flower arrangement, and seat themselves. III. Third, the tea master prepares a bowl

16、of tea for each guest, following the prescribed ritual. IV. Fourth, each guest in turn takes exactly three and a half sips of tea. V. Fifth, the guests admire the tea implements, admire the interior of the teahouse, and depart. Sometimes, you will focus on the major principles or techniques involved

17、 in performing the process. Then you will organize your speech in topical order. Each main point will deal with a separate principle or technique. For example: To inform my audience about the common methods used by stage magicians to perform their tricks. Stage magicians use two common methods to pe

18、rform their tricks-mechanical devices and sleight of hand. I. Many magic tricks rely on mechanical devices that may require little skill by the magician. II. Other magic tricks depend on the magicians skill in fooling people by sleight-of-hand manipulation.Event: Anything that happens or is regarded

19、 as happening.There are many ways to discuss event. If your specific purpose is to recount the history of an event, you will organize your speech in chronological order, relating the incidents one after another in the order they occurred. For example: To inform my audience about the history of the d

20、isability rights movement. The disability rights movement has made major strides during the past 40 years. I. The disability rights movement began in Berkeley, California, during the mid-1960s. II. The movement has achieved its first major victory in 1973 with passage of the federal Rehabilitation A

21、ct. III. The movement reached another milestone in 1990 when Congress approved the Americans with Disabilities Act. IV. Today the movement is spreading to countries beyond the . If you want to explain the causes and effects, you may organize the speech in causal order. Lets say your specific purpose

22、 is “To inform my audience why so many lives were lost when the unsinkable ocean liner Titanic sank. ” Working from cause to effect, your outline might look like this: To inform my audience why so many lives were lost when the unsinkable ocean liner Titanic sank Inability to remove the passengers an

23、d crew from the doomed Titanic caused the death of more than two-thirds of those on board. I. There were two major causes for the great loss of life when the ship went down.A. The Titanic carried insufficient lifeboats for the number of people on board.B. On the ship California, which was nearby, th

24、e radio operator had shut down the radio and gone to sleep. II. The effects of these two situations were disastrous.A. When all usable lifeboats had been filled, more than 1,500 people remained on board the Titanic.B. The California, unaware of the distress signal, steamed on which the Titanic went

25、to the bottom.There are other ways to deal with an event besides telling what happened and why it happened. You can approach an event from almost any angle or combination of angles-features, origins, implications, benefits, future developments, and so forth. In such cases, you will put your speech t

26、ogether in topical order. 4. Speech about conceptsConcept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like. Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order. One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept. For example: Specific purpose: To inform my

27、audience about the basic principles of Afro centrism. The basic principles of Afro centrism have a theoretical and a practical dimension. I. The theoretical dimension of Afro centrism looks at historical and social events from an African rather than a European perspective. II. The practical dimensio

28、n of Afro centrism calls for reforming the school curriculum to fit the needs and cultural experiences of African-American children.A more complex approach is to define the concept you are dealing with, identify its major elements, and illustrate it with specific examples. Foe instance: To inform my

29、 audience about the basic principles of Islam. The beliefs of Islam can be traced to the prophet Muhammad, are written in the Koran, and have produced a number of sects. I. Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad in the early 600s. II. The teaching of Islam are written in the Koran, the holy book

30、of Islam. III. Today Islam is divided into a number of sects, the largest of which are the Sunnis and the Shiites.As you can see from the examples, speeches about concepts are often more complex than other kinds of informative speeches. Concepts are abstract and can be very hard to explain. When explaining concepts, pay close attention to avoiding teaching technical language, you should define terms clearly, and use examples and com