1、Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，M
2、exicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregiver
3、s need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessari
4、ly.A nurse who understands the healing（治愈） value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。不同的文化对于沉默有着不同的解读。有的认为沉默意味着深思熟虑或脑海中一片空白；有的认为沉默就是执拗；也有的把沉默当成理解他人的必备谈话技巧而倍加珍视。1What does the author say about silence in conversa
5、tions? AIt implies anger. BIt promotes friendship. CIt is culturespecific. DIt is contentbased. 答案C推理判断题。由第一段中的thoughtful，empty，stubbornness，extremely uncomfortable，necessity等关键词可以看出，不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，意即它与特定的文化有关。因此答案为C。2Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thoug
6、ht? AThe Chinese. BThe French. CThe Mexicans. DThe Russians. 答案A推理判断题。题干中的“as a call for careful thought”与第二段末句“a call for reflection”相对应，reflection意思是“审慎的思考”，再联系本段首句可知答案为A。3What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? ALet it continue as the patient pleases. BBreak it while treating pati
7、ents. CEvaluate its harm to patients. DMake use of its healing effects. 答案D推理判断题。第四段讲述护理人员对于病人沉默的处理技巧。由末句可知答案只能选D。4What may be the best title for the text? ASound and Silence BWhat It Means to Be Silent CSilence to Native Americans DSpeech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 答案B标题归纳题。全文自始至终都是围绕沉默而展开，论述其在不同文化
8、中的含义及影响。因此答案为B。值得注意的是，D项（言语是银，沉默是金）迷惑性较大，但用它作标题，过于片面，不能概括全文。Passage 2说明文话题：图书分享活动词数：250时间：6全国卷，C）Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a bo
9、ok group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who find
10、s itBruce Peterson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and
11、 record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to
12、 gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual（虚拟）The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了BookC网站所举办的图书分享活动，内容涉及这一活动的目的和一些具体情况。5Why does the au
13、thor mention book groups in the first paragraph? ATo explain what they are. BTo introduce BookCrossing. CTo stress the importance of reading. DTo encourage readers to share their ideas. 答案B目的意图题。根据第一段内容可知，作者谈到读书小组经常在一起阅读、讨论，是为了介绍有此功能的BookC网站。6What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t
14、o? AThe book. BAn adventure. CA public place. DThe identification number. 答案A代词指代题。根据本句的内容可知，那些把书留在在公共场所的人希望自己的书能够随着阅读它的人走得更远。本句的it指代前面的the book。7What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? AMeet other readers to discuss it. BKeep it safe in his bookcase. CPass it on to another reader.
15、DMail it back to its owner.根据第五段最后一句话可知，让书蒙尘是一种很自私的行为，这个网站的目的正是鼓励人们与他人分享图书，所以拿到书的人读完后最有可能继续把书传递给其他的读者。8What is the best title for the text? AOnline Reading: A Virtual Tour BElectronic Books: A new Trend CA Book Group Brings Tradition Back DA Website Links People through Books 答案D标题概括题。通读全文可知，这个网站把人们
16、生命中最重要的两个事物人和书紧密联系在一起。故D项最能概括全文主旨。Passage 3苹果节词数：277时间：全国卷，C）If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21，but since it has caught on，events now spread
17、 out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets，it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical
18、 apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesnt taste of anything special，its still worth a try，as is the knobbly（多疙瘩的） Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the
19、very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so its apipedream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events，you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions，and because these are
20、family affairs，children are well catered for with applethemed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit，including stately gardens and commercial orchards（果园）If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brog
21、dale，near Faversham in Kent.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国的苹果节。9What can people do at the apple events? AAttend experts lectures. BVisit fruitloving families. CPlant fruit trees in an orchard. DTaste many kinds of apples. 答案D细节理解题。根据第二段中首句Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wid
22、e variety of apples.可知，在苹果节人们可以尝到各种各样的苹果。故选 D。10What can we learn about Decio? AIt is a new variety. BIt has a strange look. CIt is rarely seen now. DIt has a special taste. 答案C细节理解题。根据第二段末句.as is the knobbly（多疙瘩的） Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.可知，Decio是一种很罕见的苹果。故选C。11Wha
23、t does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? AA practical idea. BA vain hope. CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire. 答案B词义猜测题。根据.but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，和.for most apple lovers who fall for it.可知，对大多数苹果爱好者来说，种植这种苹果是无法实现的。故选B。12What is the
24、 authors purpose in writing the text? ATo show how to grow apples. BTo introduce an apple festival. CTo help people select apples. DTo promote apple research. 答案B写作意图题。纵观全文推知，作者主要介绍了英国的苹果节。Passage 4食品词数：320时间：（2015安徽卷，E）Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or
25、other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions.The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ betwee
26、n rural （农村的） and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion （时刻） or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were sim
27、ply a kind of bread，so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity （兴旺） in the New Year.In Greece，people share a special cake ca
28、lled vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake，which signifies （预示） success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role.In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving redcolored eggs to guests.In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent
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