英语句子成分分析与句子基本结构 通用Word文件下载.docx

1、 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.Keys: teacher man dictionary To do.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动

2、词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary.情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor.助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。选出

3、句中谓语的中心词 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?

4、A. give B.did C. whom D. book C D C A A 3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound（听起来），feel，become， smell，turn，taste（尝起来）等。They are workers.（名词）Two and three is five.（数词）The story is very interesting.（形容词）M y job（工作）is teaching English.（动名词）She is at home.（介词短语）I feel terrib

5、le.（形容词）The dish tastes delicious.（形容词）He is here （副词）Its getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. （形容词）挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first t

6、o learn about it. tired. worried yellow. interested the first4, 宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. （名词） They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.（代词）I want three./ Please pass me the first. （数词）She wants to go

7、 home.（不定式）We enjoy playing football.（动名词）【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you？（间宾直宾）直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.（直宾间宾）Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.（直宾间宾）有的

8、动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep（on）等。Do you mind my opening the window？有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a）forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。Dont forget to come here ea

9、rlier tomorrow.（还没来）I forgot returning the book to him.（书已还给他了）b）stop to do（不定式为状语）表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。I stopped to talk with him.（我停下来与他谈话。）The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.（老师进来时学生们停止谈话。及物动词与不及物动词区别注意：英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词，不带宾语的叫不及物动词。及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整，不及物动词本身意义已完

10、整，后面不跟宾语。You may use my pen. / Do you like fish? （ 及物）Dick swims very well. / The sun rises in the east. （不及物）不及物动词可加介词再加宾语We are listening to the music.They are talking to each other.挑出下列句中的宾语 The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge

11、and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 1.he was ill. 2.him monitor 3.bridge museum4.it school. 5.whoreally is.5. 直接宾语与间接宾语。有些及物动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物（直接宾语），另一个指人（间接宾语）。我们称为双宾语。动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）He lent me a

12、book. / He bought me a pen. / I have taught myself English for ten years.动词+直接宾语（物）+（to,for）+间接宾语（人）He gave his son some advice. = He gave some advice to his son.Father bought me a computer. = Father bought a computer for me.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me l

13、ast week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? us, 间接宾语, a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语6. 定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。What a beautiful kite it is！/ T

14、hey have a clever son.（形容词） She is a chemistry teacher. / It is a colour film.（名词）There are two students in the classroom.（数词）This song is better than that one. （代词）Do you know the young man over there? （副词）We have something to do tomorrow.（不定式）The man in blue is my brother.（介词短语）【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若

15、修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am aiting for the sound of the other shoe! family given third some d

16、ownstairs of the other shoe!7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。Thank you very much.（副词表示程度）The old man is walking slowly. （副词表示方式）He usually gets up at six.（副词表示时间）We all wouk here. （副词表示地点）I get up at five in the morning.（介词短语表示时间）He is studying hard so as t

17、o catch up with others.（不定式短语）We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.（从句）【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。He is old enough to go to school.挑出下列句中的状语 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must p

18、ay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. Keys: 1. With the medicine box under her arm 2.because she loves books. 3.if youve lost it 4.to see the other machine.8. 宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不

19、定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。We elected him monitor. / （名词）I found it difficult to learn English well. / The sun keeps us warm./ We find the story very interestingh. （形容词）I found her in the room.（介词短语）Please let him in. / I saw him out with XiaoLi. （副词）The doctor told me to do more exercise.（不定式短语）He is going

20、to have his hair cut.（过去分词）They saw a bird flying in the sky.（现在分词）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did y

21、ou see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? to read newspapers and books to take the boy difficult Lily get on the bus playing football 导学二：英语句子基本结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C

22、主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：基本句型一: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本

23、英汉辞典.2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好.3. His face turned red. 他的脸红了4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了.5. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮.基本句型二: 主+谓（不及物动词）此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着.2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了.3. What he sai

24、d does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系.4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时.5. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利.基本句型三: 主+谓（及物）+宾 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Who knows the answer？ 谁知道答案？2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书.3. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承

25、认犯了错误.基本句型四: 主+谓（及物）+双宾（间宾+直宾） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳.2. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.3. He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.4. I told him that the bus

26、was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了.5. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器.基本句型五: 主+谓（及物）+复合宾语（宾+宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.1. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色.2. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住.3. What makes him think so？ 他怎么会这样想？. 4. We saw him ou

27、t. 我们送他出去.5. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来.6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time. 我看见他们当时在上了那辆公共汽车.课后练习一、基本句型翻译练习1. 图书馆里有各种各样的书籍、报纸和杂志。2. 那是在2000年2月8日早上7:15.3. 天变得越来越黑。4. 这食物吃起来挺可口的。5. 这故事听起来很有趣。Key:1. In the library there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines.2. It was 7

28、:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000.3. It is getting darker and darker.4. The food tastes delicious.5. The story sounds very interesting.1. 小车没有停而是快速的开走了。2. 在过去的10年间它的经济发展迅速。3. 那个年轻人重重地摔倒在地。4. 过去他早上习惯于早起。1. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed.2. Its economy has developed rapidly in the past ten years.3. The young man fell down on the ground hard.4