三大从句考点讲解及练习Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、加连词（and / but / so），变成并列谓语或并列句 加上引导词变成从句 变为非谓语动词2. 英语句子与汉语句子的对比1）英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，句子的各个部分要由各种连词、关系词等连接起来；而汉语句子是重“意合”，句子前后连接主要是通过上下文的逻辑意义来实现的，连接词的使用远远少于英语，由于这一特点，很多学生在写作时往往忘了使用连接词，造成诸多病句。2）在汉语中逗号可以直接连接句子，但是在英语中，句子之间连接除了逗号外，还要借助连词。连词主要有两类，即并列连词与从属连词，并列连词在句中连接并列句，从属连词主要引导从句的。有一种情况可以不用连词只用逗号连接，那就是独立主格结构。

2、3）汉语句子中，两个连词可以同时出现在一个句子中，但是在英语中，从属连词与并列连词不能在一个句子中同时使用，只能用一个。改错：Eg.1） I am tired, I must go to bed.2） He has two sons, both of them are teachers.3） The woman talked to you just now is our English teacher.4） There are many students study in the classroom5） The boy ran to his mother cry. 6） After write

3、 the notice, he put it up on the wall.7）Apersonhasnotenoughfood,hewillhaveahealthybody.8） Thesunwarmstheearth,thismakesitpossibleforplantsgrow.9） Wewerelookingyournewcoat,wecouldfindit.10）Practise more reading，you will improve your reading ability.11） Thecametoseemethatafternoonisanoldfriendofmine.1

4、2）He succeeded in passing the exam made his parents very happy.14） It is a pity she didnt win the prize.15）Tomorrow is Sunday, we dont need to go to school.16） The work was finished, we went home.17） Time permits, well go out to play.18）Turning to the left, and you will find a bank.19） Having been t

5、old many times, but he couldnt understand it.20） Because he was ill, so he didnt go to school.21） Though he is a child, but he knows a lot.三、各种从句的引导词的选择关于这个问题是学生学习从句这一内容的最大障碍，要弄清属于什么从句，除t了分清各从句在主句中的位置外，关键在于弄懂各个引导词在从句中的作用。1.定语从句放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面2.名词性从句分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句与同位语从句。1）主语从句位于主句中的谓语或后置；2）宾语从句位于主句中

6、及物动词或介词与某些形容词之后。 3）表语从句位于主句中的系动词之后；4）同位语从句位于名词如：idea, fact, truth, suggestion, plan之后；3.状语从句位置可以在主句前或主句后；时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。引导词充当成分判断依据名词性从句连接词that 无实义不充当成分1、连接词的意义2、在从句当中充当的成分whether/if 是否连接代词What（什么，的） whatever（无论什么）主、宾、表定Who（谁） whoever（无论是谁）主Whom （谁） whomever（无论是谁）宾Which（哪个） whichever

7、（无论哪个）主、宾、定Whose 谁的连接副词where 什么地方状语When 什么时候why 为什么How 怎样定语从句关系代词who 主、宾、1、 先行词Whom宾、WhichthatWhose定语关系副词WhereWhenWhy状语从句时间when, while, as.主从句之间的逻辑关系，注意从属连词的意义地点where, wherever.原因because, as，since.目的so that, in order that结果so/such.that条件if, unless.方式as让步although, even if比较.than.一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词

8、的。比如： a beautiful girl （ ） three boys （ ） a shoe factory （ ）Jims father （ ） our teacher （ ） the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door （ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 单个词做定语放在被修饰词_, 短语或句子做定语放在被修饰词_.二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一_或_的从句叫定语从句。三要素：1）被定语从句修饰的词叫_；2） 引导定语从句的词叫_;3） 关系词在从句中充

9、当_关系词的作用：1）引导_; 2）替代_; 3） 在从句中充当_请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 关系词的分类及用法关系词分为_与_, 关系代词有_ 关系副词有_关系词指代的先行词在从句中充当的成分3.定语从句的分类及用法区别定语从句 形式功能能否省略先行词限制性定语从句非限制定语从句4. 使用定语从句需要注意的问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用 which的情况：当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothi

10、ng ,something, all, none, few, little, some, much等代词时，或当先行词有every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。先行词有the only, the very, the last等词修饰 先行词有形容词_或_修饰；先行词既有_又有_时; 主句的主语是_或_若关系代词在从句中作_，一般需用that。e.g. All that glitters is not goldThere is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. There is l

11、ittle that I can do for you.This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. This is the best film that I have ever seen. Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. Who is the man that is standing by the gate?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?They talked about the persons and things that they

12、 remembered at school Mary is no longer the girl that she was.2）用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year.2.that 与who的区别在one, anyone, those 指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I / they作先

13、行词时, 用“who” 代替 “that”.Anyone _breaks the law is punished. Those _ break the law are punished.He _ doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句，通常用于在主句中常有the same, so或such与as相呼应,（ the same as ; such as ; so as） as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语。e.g. Such machines as are used in our workshop

14、 are made in China. Dont do such things as you are not sure about. 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （ 从句） It is so big a stone that no one can lift it. （ 从句）as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as

15、 I expect, as is often the case等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别当主句与从句语义一致时，用as； 反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He ma

16、de a long speech, which was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。As we know，the earth is round.The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us.3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择1） 找出定语从句从句中主语与宾语是否齐全，如齐全用关系副词2）如果定语从句缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓

17、语动词是不是及物动词，如果是，则用关系代词，如果不是，则用关系副词。3）如果定语从句中谓语结构是被动语态，有主语，则用关系代词A.Iknowplace_canpicnic. Iplace_ isfamousitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B.neverforgetdaysspentourholidaystogether._ weOctober 1st is the day _ new China was founded.C.Thisreason_hewasdismissed._explainedhisattendingmeeting.如果定语从句分别修饰point, si

18、tuation与case, position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，（前提是从句中缺少状语）。I can think of many cases _ the words are used. 4. whose引导的定语从句whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是“the+名词of which”或“of whichthe+名词”。of whom可以代替whose指人，词序是“the+名词of whom” 或“of whomthe+名词。Theclassroomwhosedoorbrokensoonberepaired

19、.Hefatherdoctor.5. “介词+关系代词”考点分析 1）. 考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯（1） 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配The man _ _I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.Do you like the book _ _she paid $10?（2） 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He gave me some reference books _ I am not very familiar. China is a beautiful country, _ _we are proud.2

20、）. 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。Ill never forget the day _which she said goodbye to me. 3） 考查根据句意确定介词I am looking for my glasses, which I cant watch TV clearly.4） “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes ev

21、ery year, 80% _ are sold abroad. There are two buildings, the larger _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.6.关系词作主语时，其谓语动词的数取决于先行词尤其是“one of the +复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果“one of the+复数名词”这一结构前面带有the only之类的限定语，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。Tom is one of the boys who _ late that morni

22、ng. Tom is the only one of the boys who _ late that morning.填空练习 2014-2015年高考题1. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_ school education depends. 【安徽】2. China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.【福建】3

23、. The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.【江苏】4. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.【陕西】5. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their wo

24、rk.【天津】6. He wrote many children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s. 【重庆】7. The books on the desk, _covers are shiny,are prizes for us. 【四川】8. Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _you can hear some lovely music. 【北京】9. Creating an atmosphere _employees feel part of a team is a big challen

25、ge.【浙江】10.It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.【湖南】1. The exact year_Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 2. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_my classmates r

26、ecommended to me. 3.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. 4. I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.5. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. 6. Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is