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1、 TIR Carnet Air Waybill Bill of Lading Further ReadingCMR Document The most commonly used document by drivers, operators and forwarders alike, the CMR note is an international consignment note which is specified under the Convention for the Contract of the International Carriage of Goods by Road 195

2、6 （the CMR Convention）. Signed in Geneva on 19th May 1956, it is embodied into UK law by the Carriage of Goods by Road Act 1965 （as amended by the Carriage by Air and Road Act 1979）. The CMR Conventions governs the responsibilities and liabilities of the parties to a contract for the carriage of goo

3、ds by road internationally. A CMR document is not a document of title and is therefore non-negotiable.For UK based exporters, a CMR document would apply only to goods carried by a road vehicle on a roll-on roll-off ferry or via the Channel Tunnel. It does not apply to goods that cross the internatio

4、nal border in a container on a ship.A CMR form is a 4 part document comprising of; senders copy （red） consignees copy （blue） carriers copy （green） administration copy （white with black border）The carrier usually completes the form, but the consignor is responsible for the accuracy of the information

5、 and must sign the form when the goods are collected. The consignee will also sign the form on delivery, which is essential for the carrier as a signed copy is in many cases the carriers only confirmation of delivery and means for payment of his haulage charge（s）. To download a copy of the CMR Conve

6、ntion, click on the link below.CMR Convention - UNITED NATIONS T1 and T2 Documents T1 and T2 documents are Transit documents. There are 2 systems which allow the movement of goods within the European wide system, these are; The Community transit system （CT） The New Computerised Transit System （NCTS）

7、The Community transit system （CT） allows goods that are not in free circulation in the European Community （non-Community goods） to move between two points within the Community without being subject to import duties and other charges.The New Computerised Transit System （NCTS） is a European wide syste

8、m, based upon electronic declaration and processing, designed to provide better management and control of CT. It involves all EU Member States and the EFTA countries. Each countrys own NCTS processing system is connected, through a central domain in Brussels, to all of the other countries. Since NCT

9、S mandation on the 1 July 2005, paper transit documents are only accepted from private travellers （with goods in excess of allowances） and during NCTS fallback.An example of how the electronic system works is as follows;A truck is loaded for Italy today and a T1 document is issued by Transit. Immedi

10、ately after preparing the electronic T1 document the clearing office in Italy will receive the message containing details of the goods. If no confirmation message has been returned by the Italian office within 3 days, it will be necessary to investigate the status of the truck. This electronic syste

11、m is far more efficient than the previous method of paperwork being carried by drivers. It also reduces the risk of paperwork getting lost, documents not clearing, which reduces the risk of fines/penalties issued for non-clearance.back to topATA Carnet The ATA carnet is an international Customs docu

12、ment which is presented to Customs each time goods enter or leave a country. It allows goods to be temporarily imported without payment of Customs charges for up to one year and can cover one or more different types of goods. The benefit of using an ATA carnet is the legal free movement of goods acr

13、oss frontiers and covers their temporary admission into a country with relief from customs duties, excise duty and VAT.Using a carnet;a. avoids the need to complete national Customs declarations or to provide fresh security for customs charges potentially due in each country visited;b. simplifies Cu

14、stoms clearance of goods in each country visited;c. can be used in different countries around the world; andd. can help overcome problems that may otherwise result from language barriers and having to complete unfamiliar Customs forms.An ATA carnet can be used by private travellers or businesses. Wh

15、en a carnet is issued, the person who can use it will be named on the front cover of the carnet, this person is the holder. The carnet can be used by the holder or a representative named on the carnet. The holder does not have to own the goods but does accept liability for any customs duty and other

16、 charges that may be incurred.Responsibilities of the carnet holder are to ensure;1. the country into which the goods are going to be imported accepts ATA carnets for the goods concerned;2. that the carnet is presented to Customs for endorsement each time the goods enter or leave a country.TIR Carne

17、t TIR is used to move goods, essentially by road, between two Contracting Parties to the TIR Convention or between two points in a participating country as long as the movement passes through a third country. The payment of duties and other charges are suspended. For the purposes of TIR, the Communi

18、ty is regarded as a single territory. TIR is only permitted in the EU when the movement either begins, ends or transits a third country.TIR stands for Transport Internationale Routiers which in English means International Road Transport. It is an international transit system allowing goods to travel

19、 across one or more international borders with the minimum of customs involvement. At the beginning of 2010 the TIR System had 68 Contracting Parties （including the European Union） on four continents. Many more countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and South America have demonstrated their inte

20、rest in acceding to the system in the near future.In order to ensure that goods may travel with a minimum intervention en route and yet offer maximum safeguards for Customs administrations in all countries of transit, the TIR regime contains five basic requirements or principles. These principles ar

21、e;1. the goods should travel in secure vehicles or containers （Secure vehicles or containers）;2. throughout the journey, duties and taxes at risk must be covered by an internationally valid guarantee administered through national guarantee associations. The UK has approved two associations, the Frei

22、ght Transport Association （FTA） and the Road Haulage Association （RHA） （International guarantee）;3. the goods should be accompanied by an internationally recognised document, the TIR Carnet. This is taken into use in the country of departure and serves as the Customs control document in the countrie

23、s of departure, transit and destination （TIR Carnet）;4. Customs control measures taken in the country of departure should be accepted by the countries of transit and destination （Mutual recognition of Customs controls）;5. access to the TIR procedure for - national associations to issue TIR Carnets;

24、and for - natural and legal persons to utilise TIR carnets should be authorised by competent national authorities （Controlled access）.The laws on which the above is based are contained within; The TIR Convention 1975; Council Regulation （EEC） No 2913/92 and Commission Regulation （EEC） No 2454/93; Th

25、e Customs and Excise Management Act 1979.International Road Transport Union The IRU TIR-EPD application allows TIR Carnet Holders to comply, free of charge, with the EU NCTS/TIR and EORI Regulations which entered into force in 2009, as well as with the new EU security requirements, which entered int

26、o force on 1 January 2011, by submitting TIR Electronic Pre-Declarations to Customs offices of entry/departure in a simple, standardised way.The IRU TIR-EPD is also fully compliant with the World Customs Organisations Framework of Standards.TIR-EPD application - International Road Transport UnionAir

27、 Waybill The air waybill is a document of carriage which is issued by airlines to shippers of cargo. The conditions under which it is issued is the Warsaw Convention, which was signed in Warsaw on 12th October 1929. This was amended at the Hague （Netherlands） on 28th September 1955 and was further a

28、mended by the Montreal Convention at Montreal on 28th May 1999 effectively unifying certain rules from the latter.An air waybill is not a document of title. The document often travels forward with the goods allowing immediate release of the goods into the consignees charge for subsequent customs cle

29、arance and delivery.On 16th March 2008, resolution 600b became effective on 17 March 2008, rescinding Resolution 600b（II） on the same day, with the following conditions of contract and notices to be included on every Air waybill;Notice appearing on the face of an Air WaybillIt is agreed that the goo

30、ds described herein are accepted in apparent good order and condition （except as noted） for carriage SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS OF CONTRACTON THE REVERSE HEREOF. ALL GOODS MAY BE CARRIED BY ANY OTHER MEANS INCLUDING ROAD OR ANY OTHER CARRIER UNLESS SPECIFIC CONTRARY INSTRUCTIONS ARE GIVEN HEREON BY THE SHIPPER, AND SHIPPER AGREES THAT THE SHIPMENT MAY BE CARRIED VIA INTERMEDIATE STOPPING PLACES WHICH THE CARRIER DEEMS APPPROPRIATE. THE SHIPPERS ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE NOTICE CONCERNING CARRIERS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. Shipper may in