刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记汇编Word格式.docx

1、King Alfred: the Anglo-Saxon Chroniclethe Norman Conquest:Marks the establishment of feudalism in England2 Feuda EnglandSocial features of the Feuda England：Two classes（landlord and peasant）The miseries of the peasant：Black DeathThe raising of 13813 the Romance: knightFamous three:King ArthurSir Gaw

2、ain and the Green KnightChapter 4 William LanglandPiers The Plowman耕者皮尔斯:a picture of feudal Englandthe exposure of the ruling classesthe story of the Cat and Ratsthe marriage of lady Meedthe condition of the peasantsthe search for trutha representative of the most oppressed section of the peasantry

3、It is written in the form of a dream visionUsing symbolismChapter 5 the English Bllads民谣Oral literatureBallad: is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.The Robin Hood BalladChapter 6 Geoffery Chaucer英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”The f

4、ather of English poetry.writing style:wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet（双韵体） by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Part Two ：The English RenaissanceA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Chapter 1 Old England in

5、 transition1 the new monarchy2 the reformation3the English Bible：Jhon Wycliffe, translated the first complete English BileAuthorized Version: also called King James Bible4 the enclosure movement5 the commercial exoansion6 the war between Spain：it ended with the route of the Spanish fleetArmada7 the

6、Renaissance and HumanismRenaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance

7、.Humanism: reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, which saw the world openning before it.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Gr

8、eek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam Shakespeare8 William Caxton: the first English printerChapter2 Thomas MoreOne of the greatest English humanistsUtopia乌托邦: an ideal communist societyThomas: 1 no revolutionary in the sense of wishing to arouse the people or to start any

9、 movement2 still retains the features of class exploitation3 he could never find at that time the means by which socialism could be realized.Chapter 3 the flowering of English literature1 the flourishing of literature2 Sir Philip SidneyA poet and critic poetryAstrophel and Stella , Apology for poetr

10、yWalter Raleigh:Discovery of Guiana3 Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster AbbeyThe Faerie Queene仙后（for Queen Elizabeth）It is written in a special verse form that consists of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a 9 line of 6 iambic

11、feet（an alexandrine ）, with the rhyme schemeababbcbbcThe theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithful loves”.Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic he

12、xameter.The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.Amoretti爱情小唱4 John Lylygentle readerEuphues5 Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）The founder of English materialistThe founder of modern science in EnglishPhilosopher

13、, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进Essays随笔（famous quotas: The theme of OfStudies: uses and benefits of study

14、and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.Chapter 4 DramaThe highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its drama1 the miracle play2 the morality play3 the interlude4 the classical drama5 the London theatreChapter 5 Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595“Universit

15、y Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝马耳他的犹太人Significance of his plays:1 the heroes of his plays are generally distinguished by a resolute character, a scorn of ortho

16、dox creeds, and an overpowering paasion.2 The praise of individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and law, and the conviction of the boundless possibility of human effortd in conquering the universe.3 the heros individualistic ambition often brings ruins to the ruin to the world and

17、 sometomes to themselves.His literary achievement:1 the greatest of the pioneers of English drama2 reformed the language and verse of dramatic works3 first made blank verse. His blank verse has been called as titanic4 famous for his mighty line. It is mighty and plastic5 pave the way for the Shakesp

18、eareChapter 6 William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚1564161637playsHistorical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies:As You Like It皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;A Midsummer NightS Dream仲夏夜之梦;Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人Four Tragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;King Lear李尔王;Macbeth麦克

19、白poems:1 venus and adonis2Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to adefinition rhyme scheme.3 the rape of lucreceFeatures of Shakespeares drama:1 one of the founder of realism in world

20、 literature2 often used the method of adoptation3 his long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acuired make him a master hand for playwriting.4 skilled in many poetic forms: song, sonnet, couplet, dramatic blank verse5 a great master of the English languageChapt

21、er 7 Ben JonsonComedy of HumoursVolpone, or the fox狐狸Every Man in His Humoura prolific dramatistPart threethe period of the English bourgeois revolutionChaper 1 the English revolution and the Reatoration1 the weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoise2 the clashes between the king and parl

22、iament3 the outburst of the English revolution:4 the split with the revolution camp5 the bourgeois dictatorship and the restoration6 the religious cloak of the English revolution:Also called the puritan revolution.Puritanism is the religious doctrine7 literature of the revolution periodChapter 2 Joh

23、n Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。Epics:Paradise Lost失乐园: written in blank verseIn the poem god is no better than a despot. God is cruel and unjust. Adam and Eve embody Miltons belife in the powers of man.The desription of hell, Satan is the real hero of the poem. Satan is the spirit qu

24、estioning the authority of God.Paradise Regained复乐园Dramatic poem:Samson Agonistes力士参孙:A poetical drama.Areopagitica论出版自由: as a declaration of peoples freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revulotion struggles.The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩: as the spokesman of the

25、 revolution.On His Blindness我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical ofItalian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.Milton:1 he was a political in both his life and his art. He

26、was a militant pamphleteer of the English Revolution, and the greatest English revolutionary poet in 17thcentury2 wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English verse3 he first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. In paradise

27、 lost, he acquires an absolute mastery of the blank verse.4 he is a great stylist, grand style.5 his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.Chapter 3 John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。Puritan poet（清教徒派诗人）ReligionaryAllegory:The Pilgrims Progress天路历程Chapter 4 metaphysical poets and Cavalier poetsBesides Milton and Bunyan, other poets and writers