刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记汇编Word格式.docx
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KingAlfred:
theAnglo-SaxonChronicle
②theNormanConquest:
MarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland\
2FeudaEngland
SocialfeaturesoftheFeudaEngland：
Twoclasses（landlordandpeasant）
Themiseriesofthepeasant：
BlackDeath
Theraisingof1381
3theRomance:
knight
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Chapter4WilliamLangland
PiersThePlowman耕者皮尔斯:
apictureoffeudalEngland
①theexposureoftherulingclasses
②thestoryoftheCatandRats
③themarriageofladyMeed
④theconditionofthepeasants
⑤thesearchfortruth
⑥arepresentativeofthemostoppressedsectionofthepeasantry
Itiswrittenintheformofadreamvision
Usingsymbolism
Chapter5theEnglishBllads民谣
Oralliterature
Ballad:
isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.
TheRobinHoodBallad
Chapter6GeofferyChaucer
英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·
德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
①<
TheCanterburyTales>
坎特伯雷故事集：
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’（双韵体）bymiddleEnglish
②<
TroilusandCriseyde>
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③<
TheHouseofFame>
声誉之宫
PartTwo：
TheEnglishRenaissance
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Chapter1OldEnglandintransition
1thenewmonarchy
2thereformation
3theEnglishBible：
JhonWycliffe,translatedthefirstcompleteEnglishBile
AuthorizedVersion:
alsocalledKingJamesBible
4theenclosuremovement
5thecommercialexoansion
6thewarbetweenSpain：
itendedwiththerouteoftheSpanishfleet"
Armada"
7theRenaissanceandHumanism
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.
Humanism:
reflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass,whichsawtheworldopenningbeforeit.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.
newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.
thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.
rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
8WilliamCaxton:
thefirstEnglishprinter
Chapter2ThomasMore
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
Utopia乌托邦:
anidealcommunistsociety
Thomas:
1norevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanymovement
2stillretainsthefeaturesofclassexploitation
3hecouldneverfindatthattimethemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.
Chapter3thefloweringofEnglishliterature
1theflourishingofliterature
2SirPhilipSidney
Apoetandcriticpoetry
AstrophelandStella,Apologyforpoetry
WalterRaleigh:
DiscoveryofGuiana
3EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
①
TheFaerieQueene>
仙后（forQueenElizabeth）
Itiswritteninaspecialverseformthatconsistsof8iambicpentameterlinesfollowedbya9lineof6iambicfeet（analexandrine）,withtherhymescheme
ababbcbbc
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfulloves”.
UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
②
TheShepherdsCalendar>
牧人日历
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
③
Amoretti>
爱情小唱ν
4JohnLyly
"
gentlereader"
Euphues
5FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；
在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；
近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
）
ThefounderofEnglishmaterialist
ThefounderofmodernscienceinEnglish
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&
powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
①<
TheAdvancementofLearning>
学术的推进
Essays>
随笔（famousquotas:
<
Ofstudies>
ThethemeofOf
Studies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
Chapter4Drama
ThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissancewasunquestionablyitsdrama
1themiracleplay
2themoralityplay
3theinterlude
4theclassicaldrama
5theLondontheatre
Chapter5ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
（完善了无韵体诗。
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>
浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）
Tamburlaine>
帖木耳大帝
③<
TheJewof
Malta>
马耳他的犹太人
Significanceofhisplays:
1theheroesofhisplaysaregenerallydistinguishedbyaresolutecharacter,ascornoforthodoxcreeds,andanoverpoweringpaasion.
2Thepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvictionoftheboundlesspossibilityofhumaneffortdinconqueringtheuniverse.
3thehero'
sindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruinstotheruintotheworldandsometomestothemselves.
Hisliteraryachievement:
1thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama
2reformedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks
3firstmadeblankverse.Hisblankversehasbeencalledas"
titanic"
4famousforhis"
mightyline"
.Itismightyandplastic
5pavethewayfortheShakespeare
λChapter6WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
37plays
Historicalplays:
HenryVI;
HenryIV:
RichardIII;
HenryV
；
RichardII；
HenryVIII
②FourComedies:
AsYouLikeIt>
皆大欢喜;
TwelfthNight>
第十二夜;
AMidsummerNight’SDream>
仲夏夜之梦;
MerchantOfVenice>
威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies:
Hamlet>
哈姆莱特;
Othello>
奥赛罗;
KingLear>
李尔王;
Macbeth>
麦克白
④poems:
1venusandadonis
2ShakespeareSonnet:
154<
TheSonnets>
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoa
definitionrhymescheme.
3therapeoflucrece
FeaturesofShakespeare'
sdrama:
1oneofthefounderofrealisminworldliterature
2oftenusedthemethodofadoptation
3hislongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacuiredmakehimamasterhandforplaywriting.
4skilledinmanypoeticforms:
song,sonnet,couplet,dramaticblankverse
5agreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage
Chapter7BenJonson
ComedyofHumours>
Volpone,orthefox>
狐狸
EveryManinHisHumour
aprolificdramatist
Partthree
theperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolution
Chaper1theEnglishrevolutionandtheReatoration
1theweakeningofthetiebetweenmonarchyandbourgeoise
2theclashesbetweenthekingandparliament
3theoutburstoftheEnglishrevolution:
4thesplitwiththerevolutioncamp
5thebourgeoisdictatorshipandtherestoration
6thereligiouscloakoftheEnglishrevolution:
Alsocalledthepuritanrevolution.
Puritanismisthereligiousdoctrine
7literatureoftherevolutionperiod
Chapter2JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;
失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
①Epics:
ParadiseLost>
失乐园:
writteninblankverse
Inthepoemgodisnobetterthanadespot.Godiscruelandunjust.AdamandEveembodyMilton'
sbelifeinthepowersofman.
Thedesriptionofhell,Satanistherealheroofthepoem.SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.
ParadiseRegained>
复乐园
②Dramaticpoem:
SamsonAgonistes>
力士参孙:
Apoeticaldrama.
Areopagitica>
论出版自由
:
asadeclarationofpeople'
sfreedomofthepress,hasbeenaweaponinthelaterdemocraticrevulotionstruggles.
TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>
为英国人民声辩:
asthespokesmanoftherevolution.
④
OnHisBlindness>
我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalof
Italiansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
Milton:
1hewasapoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewasamilitantpamphleteeroftheEnglishRevolution,andthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetin17th
century
2wrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse
3hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Inparadiselost,heacquiresanabsolutemasteryoftheblankverse.
4heisagreatstylist,grandstyle.
5hissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.
Chapter3JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
Puritanpoet（清教徒派诗人）
①Religionary
Allegory:
ThePilgrim’sProgress>
天路历程ν
Chapter4metaphysicalpoetsandCavalierpoets
BesidesMiltonandBunyan,otherpoetsandwriters
升级会员 