SubjunctiveWord文档格式.docx

1、首先看高中课本出现的if 引导的虚拟语气的句子。 1 表示与现在事实相反。 If I were you , I should study English. （ In fact, I cant be you ） be 动词在虚拟语气中的过去式通常用were ，如果是单数主语，口语中也可用was ，但该句 If I were you 中只能用were。 If he had time, he would attend the meeting. （ Now he has no time. ） 2. 表示与过去事实相反。 If you had come yesterday, you would have

2、 met him. （ In fact, you didnt come yesterday .） If I had seen him last week, I would have told him about it. （ In fact, I didnt see him last week ） 3. 表示与将来事实相反。 If you came/ should come / were to come on Sunday, we would have the meeting. （ You cant come on Sunday ） If it were to rain/should rain

3、/ were to rain tomorrow , we would stay at home. （ The speaker knows it wont rain tomorrow ）a. - If he _, he _ that food. （ 93） - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned , would not take B. had been warned, would not have takenC. would be warned , had not taken D. would have b

4、een warned, had not takenb. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my my brother. （ 94）A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come c. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. （ 96）A. drove ,didnt get B. drove, wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt get D.

5、had driven, wouldnt have got 以上三题根据上下文的提示，考查与过去事实相反的谓语动词形式。另外还要注意以下三种情况：1. 含蓄条件句。不出现由 if引导的条件从句， 而是由介词短语或副词引导隐含条件，此时要根据上下文正确判断谓语动词形式。 Without （= If it were not for ） the rain, the crops should die. But for （ If it had not been for）your timely help , I would not have finished the work on time. I was

6、busy yesterday, or/otherwise（= if I had not been busy yesterday ） ,I would have come to help you.d. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. （ 91 ）A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be e. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _，too cold for us to

7、live . （97 Shanghai ） A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 以上两题根据介词短语的提示，考查与现在事实相反的主句谓语动词形式。2. if 何时省略。在书面语中, 当条件从句有were, had, should 时省略if , 把它们提至句首。 Were I in school again, I would work harder. （= If I were in school again, ） Had you bee

8、n earlier , you would have seen him. （= If you had been earlier, ） Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. （= If there should be a meeting tomorrow, ）f. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.（ 94Shanghai ） A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will该题考查和将来事实相反的

9、虚拟语气与if 省略时的用法。3. 错综时间条件句：条件从句与主句发生的 时间不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 If he had started yesterday, he should be here now.从句和过去事实相反， 主句和现在事实相反。即主从句的动词形式分别遵循各自的形式即可。g. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed , he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie （200

10、0上海） 如果他能听医生的话躺在床上就好了，（与过去事实相反）他现在也不至于这么受罪。 （与现在事实相反）二. 考查（should ）+ 动词原形 在名词性从句中的用法。 1 用于宾语从句中。表示建议，要求，命令等含义的词如 suggest, insist, advise, order, require, ask , demand, request ，command , insist , desire , propose ， decide etc. 后接的宾语从句中。 The doctor ordered that she （should） stay in bed for a few days

11、. We suggested that we have a meeting. 但当suggest 表示 “暗示”， “表明”时，insist 表示 “坚持认为”时， 后面从句要用陈述语气。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. （ 坚持认为） Her smile on her face suggested that she was very happy. （暗示，表明）2 用于表语或同位语从句中。当名词 advice, idea, order, plan, proposal , request, suggestion etc. 后接表语

12、或同位语从句时。 My suggestion is that he （should ） do the experiment again. Her idea is that he do exercise first. We all agreed to his suggestion that we （should） go to Beijing for a visit.3用于主语从句中。（1）. 含有上述的第一 类动词 suggest, insist, advise , require etc. 所构成的主语从句时。It is suggested that we （should） have a me

13、eting. It was ordered that they finish the work by five oclock. （2）. 下列主语从句中， 谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用（should） + 动词原形结构, 表示惊奇, 不相信，惋惜，理应如此等。 It is necessary （important, natural, strange etc.） that we （should） clean the room every day. It was a pity （a shame, no wonder ） that you （should） be so careless. 但如果对从句的

14、事实不表示惊奇可以用陈述语气。 It is strange that he did not come yesterday. Its a pity that you cant swim.h. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. （94 Shanghai ）a. be , should have b. was, have c. should be, had d. was, has 该题考查 suggest 两种不同的含义接不同语气的

15、用法。三考查虚拟语气中时态的用法 。对从句中过去或过去完成时态 的考查。 1 wish + 宾语从句。 I wish I were a bird. I wish you would come tomorrow. How I wish I had taken his advice .= If only I had taken his advice.2 as if 引导的从句。 He looks as if he were an artist. It looks as if it is /were（was） going to rain.如果天真的有可能下雨，可用陈述语气，要视具体情况。 He sp

16、eaks English so well as if he had studied English in England. （状语从句） 3 定语从句Its time that 结构中。 It is （high） time that we left should leave . （后一种少用） It was time that they had started their work. 4would rather 后接的从句。与将来事实或与现在事实相反时，从句中的动词用一般过去时； 与过去事实相反时，用过去完成时。 Id rather you had posted the letter yest

17、erday. Id rather you painted the wall next time. Id rather you paid me now. 5 If only 引导的感叹句。 If only she had known where to find you . （与过去事实相反） If only I were twenty years younger. （ 与现在事实相反）6. 用虚拟语气来提出请求、 建议, 语气比较委婉，表示说话人客气、有礼貌。Would you mind if I smoked here ? = Do you mind if I smoke here ? 四对情

18、态动词+ have done 结构表虚拟语气的表达。1 表示（温和）责备语气的虚拟语气。 （1） should （not） have done = ought to have done = be supposed to have done 本（不）应该，表示不该做的事做了（该做的事却没做） The plant is dead. I should have given it more water. （2）neednt have done “本来没有必要”本来没有必要做的事却做了。 There was plenty time. She neednt have hurried . （3） might

19、 /could have done “本可以” ，事实上没做到。 You might have told me earlier. I could have asked for help there.i. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. （ 94 ）A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 根据上下文提供的语境考查 “该做的事却没做”，含有后悔或自我责

20、备之意。2. 口语中表示祝愿。 常与may 连用，may 也可省略。（ May ）God bless you . May you have a good time. Long live Chairman Mao. 虚拟语气在现代英语中，很多该用虚拟语气的地方常为陈述语气所取代。高中英语课本SBI Lesson 55中的suggest 用法就是一范例，学习虚拟语气时不能生搬硬套。I suggest that you dont ask him for the vacation . 参考资料：当代英语实用语法 徐立吾 湖南教育出版社 英语语法大全 华东师范大学出版社英语用法指南 Michael Sw

21、an 外语教学与研究出版社 大学英语语法 徐广联 东南大学出版社 朗文英语语法 L.G. 亚历山大 外语教学与研究出版社 新编英语语法教程 章振邦 上海外语教育出版社 实用英语语法 张道真 商务印书馆 （1979）EXERCISE:1. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. （91）a. is b. will be c. would have been d. would be 2. - If he _, he _ that food. （93）- Luckily he was sent to the hospital i

22、mmediately.a. was warned , would not take b. b. had been warned, would not have takenc. would be warned , had not taken d. d. would have been warned, had not taken3. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. （94）a. had to write it out b. must have written it out c. should have written i

23、t out d. ought to write it out 4. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my my brother. （94）a. has come b. did come c. came d. had come 5. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. （ 95）a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken6.

24、 You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. （96）a. drove ,didnt get b. drove, wouldnt get c. were driving, wouldnt get d. had driven, wouldnt have got 7.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. （93上海）a. should be b. would be c. have been d. had been 8. _ it rain tomorro

25、w, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.（94） a. Were b. Should c. Would d. Will9. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. （94）10. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _too cold for us to liv

26、e . （97） a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldly c. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly 11. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed , he would not suffer so much now. a. lies b. lay c. had lain d. should lie （2000上海）12. But for the Party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago.a. would

27、 have died b. must have died c. would die d. died 13. What would you do if the war _？ a. is broken out b. will break out c. were to break out d. would break out14. _ we would still be leading a hard life. a. Had China been liberated b. Had China not been liberated c. If China hadnt liberated d. Had

28、not China been liberated 15. He didnt come yesterday, or you _him. a. would see b. were to see c. might have seen d. had seen 16. He _ the job well, but he _ so careless. a. had done, had been b. could do, was c. could have done, was d. hadnt done, had been 17. They insisted that you _ them a quick

29、answer. a. should give b. gave c. must give d. would give18. It is important that the work _ well in two days. a. will be done b. is done c. be done d. would be done 19. If you _ it a little carefully , you wouldnt have made such a mistake in the work.a. did b. have done c. would do d. had done 20. -Did you read any of Lu Xuns works before ？ -No, but how I wish I _. a. did b. had c. have d. could 21. How nice it _ if I _ such a chance to study here.a. should be , had had b. would be , had had c. were, had d. would be, had 2