初中英语非谓语动词总复习加练习及答案Word文档格式.docx

1、1）不定式时态语态 主动被动一般式to do to be done 完成式 to have doneto have been done2）动名词一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done3）分词 一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 否定形式： not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 现在分词动词不定式一、结构及特征：1、动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。2、特点：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓

2、语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。二、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1）作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To learn English well is not easy. 动词不定式短语作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，真正的不定式主语置于句后，如上面两句可改为： It is very hard to finish the work in ten min

3、utes. It is not easy to learn English well.这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：It + be + 名词 + to do It is + adj.+ 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb. It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. （用for+sb. 说明不定式表示的动作执行者 ）2）作表语 My wish is to become a teacher. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. Your duty is

4、to water flowers everyday. He seems to have few friends here.3）作宾语 常与不定式连用作宾语的动词有：want, like, begin, star, choose, forget, remember, need, would like, decide, ask, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer等，如：Most of us like to watch football matches

5、.Please remember to post this letter.I plan to buy a new computer.动词不定式作宾语时，如果他后面有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语即不定式放在宾补后面。句型结构为：主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式 I found it easy to make a paper plane. I found it difficult to solve the problem. He feels it his duty to help the poor. We find it necessary to help

6、the blind.在英语中有些动词如：know, wonder, decide, learn等词后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语 Please show us how to do it. The question is how to solve it. I cant decide where to go. The boy didnt know how to use the computer.4）作宾语补足语 后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有：ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, hate, order, teach, want, allo

7、w, warn, encourage, wish, cause, advise, force, permit, persuade, Prepare, invite, urge等 The teachers often encourage us to study hard. Father allows us to watch TV at night. My teacher told us not to play on the road.后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：感官动词hear, feel, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at; 使役动词l

8、et, make, have。另外help后的动词不定式可带to也可省to（省略to的不定式在改写成被动语态时，动词后一定要把to加上） I saw him dance. I heard Lucy sing in the classroom. I often help my mother （to） do housework. The boss made the workers work all day. （改被动The workers were made to work all day.He told me to be here on time.5）作定语 不定式作定语往往放在被修饰词的后面，

9、作后置定语I have nothing to say about that thing. The next bus to arrive is at 7:45. Reading aloud is the best way to learn English. 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如果是不及物动词需要加介词，如： Is there a room to live in? Would you please give me some paper to write on. Could you pass me a pen to write with. 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其他词之间又有逻

10、辑上的主谓关系时，尽管由被动意义，却仍然用主动。 Do you have anything to say on this problem? Would you mind giving me something to drink? 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系而不存在主谓关系，则需用被动语态： Do you have anything to be taken to your mum?6）作状语 （目的，结果，原因等）He stopped to have a look. （目的）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的）He woke up to fi

11、nd everybody gone. （结果）Im glad to see you. （原因）注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语和句子的要主语一致：如To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. （错）To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. （正确）三、不定式作副词的用法-作状语。不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因和结果状语。 I am sorry to have bothered you. 我非常抱歉打搅了你。（原因状语） They will come to the city to look for

12、a job.他们将要到大城市来找工作。（目的状语） If you are so stupid as to do so, you must expect trouble.你如果愚蠢得这样做事，你就等着自找麻烦吧。（结果状语）“too.to.”结构中的不定式含有否定的意思，因此“too.to.”表示“太而 不能”。 The boy is too young to join the army.这孩子太小，还不能参军。 He is too busy to see me.他太忙，不能来看我。“so as.+不定式”结构，不定式作目的状语，意思是“以便”。 “so+形容词（副词）+as+不定式”结构，不定

13、式作结果状语。 He went there quickly so as to meet her.他赶快到那里去以便可以碰见她。（目的） He was so kind as to offer his seat to me.承他好意，把座位让给了我。（结果） The man was so angry as to smash the things in the room.这个人气极了，便开始摔屋里的东西。四、不定式的否定形式：not to do/ no do 典型例题 Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shu

14、t D. not shut 解析：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth. She warned her daughter _ computer games too much. A. never to play B. to never play C. never playing D. never play 解析：A. warn sb to do sth 的否定形式为warn sb not（never） to do sth.五、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, wh

15、y等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：（1） He doesnt know how to use the machine. （不定式作宾语） （2） How to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语） （3） The question is when to go there. （不定式作表语）六、省to 的动词不定式 1. 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整

16、性，真实性；+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性初中接触的动词可以这样记忆：一感（feel）二听（hear, listen to）三使,让（let, make, have）四看看（see, look at, watch, notice）半帮助（help）别忘了省略的to变为被动语态时要再加上（主变被还原to）I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调“我看见了”这个事实）I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）感官动词后

17、面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.（2） help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do（3）下列结构必须使用不带to的动词不定式。had better do.最好还是做 would you please do.请您做would rather do.（than do）宁愿做 would sooner do.愿做may just as well do.是做的好 rather than do.而不是做 Why/why not句型中 Rather than go out, I

18、prefer to stay at home. He would rather die than give in. Why not have a rest. = Why dont you have a rest.（4）使役动词 let, have, make：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. （5） but和except 作介词后接不定式结构时，

19、前谓语动词部分若含有to的形式，but后的不定式省去to,否则要带to,如：He has nothing to do but cry.I have no choice but to wait for him.（6） 当两个或多个不定式短语有连词and, but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常常被省略，若表示对比，对照关系时，则不能省略，如： He wanted to stay at home and read a book. My purpose of studying is to go to college but not to have a job.七、不定式的难点： 1）too

20、to：太而不能He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? Why not take a holiday?4）so as （not） to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 5）用作介词的“to”，其后加v-ing形式look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself t

21、o 献身于；be/get used to 习惯等等。 6）Its for sb.和 Its of sb.A. Its for sb . 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 B. Its of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very ni

22、ce of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 【说明】for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通 则用for。如： You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。He is hard.（人是困难的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此应用for。）八、不定式的一些常用结构（1）be + to do She is very proud to be a student in Beijing University.作为一名北京大学的学

23、生，她感到自豪。 Your mother will be angry to find that nothing has been done.你母亲看到什么事都没做会发火的。（2）have （has, had）+不定式这一结构表示“不得不”，“只好”的意思。 He will have to swallow the bitterness sooner or later.他迟早要吞下这颗苦果的。 As she missed the train, she had to return home.由于耽误了那趟火车，她只得又回家去了。（3）there is （are）、+不定式 There is some

24、thing important to do today.今天有一件重要的事情要做。 There are lots of letters to type now.现在有许多信要打出来。（4）be about+不定式表示“正要做” I was just about to leave when you phoned me. 我正要走，你就给我来电话了。 The match is about to begin. Hurry up! 比赛马上要开始了，快点!（5）only+不定式，表示“却” They lifted a stone only to drop it on their own feet.他们

25、搬起石头，却砸了自己的脚。 He went home in a hurry only to find that nothing happened there.他急忙赶回家里却发现家里什么事 都没有。（6）so as （not） to do.“为了（不）” She worked hard so as to be a college student.为了要上大学，她刻苦学习。 He went to work early so as not to be there late.为了不迟到，他很早就去上班了。（7）enough+不定式表示“十分，足够” This car is not big enoug

26、h to seat five people.这辆车不够大，坐不下五个人。 He drove fast enough to catch up the train.他把车开得飞快，足以赶上那列火车。特别注意：1.“形容词（或副词）+enough+不定式”构成的是简单句，可以和复合句“so.that.”相互转换。It is easy enough for her to do. （简单句）It is so easy that she can do it.（复合句）这件事情很容易，她可以做。2.“so.that （cant）”和句型“too.to.”的相互转换 。She is too frightene

27、d to say a word.（简单句）She is so frightened that she cant say a word. （复合句）她太害怕了，以致于一句话也说不上来。The dictionary is too expensive for me toafford.The dictionary is so expensive that I cant afford it. 这本词典太贵了，（以致）我买不起。（8）It is （was）+形容词+of （for） sb.+不定式 It is clever of you to deal with such a thing.这样一件事情你处

28、理得很聪明。 It was necessary for me to explain it.我对此作一下解释是必要的。比较：该句型中“of sb.”和“for sb.”的使用情况不同，可以从 两方面加以区别：它们两者所用的形容词不同A。 of sb.的句型一般使用表示主观感情或态度的形容词。good, kind, nice, right, wrong, wise, clever, foolish, careful, careless等。It is wise of her to do so.她这样做是非常明智的。It was clever of him to go away at that time.在那个时刻他走开是很聪明的。B for sb.的句型使用表示客观情况的形容词。hard, easy, possible, impossible, difficult, necessary, unnecessary, important, interesting等。It was impossible for him to get there on time.他要准时到达那里已是不可能的事。It is simple for me to solve the problem.对我来说解决此事