2 词缀与语法成分1Word文件下载.docx

1、imbalanced 不平衡的mis-1. bad or badly; 2. wrong or wrongly; 3. showing an opposite or the lack of sth例词misfortune 不幸，厄运；misbehave 行为不端；miscalculation 计算错误；misunderstand误解；mistrust不信任 re-（尤用于动词前）1. again; 2. again in a new and better way; 3. back to a former state例词rebroadcast重播；rewrite重写；reunite重聚；rete

2、ll复述； reform改革un-1. （especially in adjectives and adverbs）（译：尤其是在形容词和副词当中）showing a negative , a lack, or an opposite;2. （esp. in verbs）showing an opposite; 例词unhappy, unfair不公平的, unload卸货, uncover揭露dis-1. showing an opposite or negative; 2. shows the stopping or removing of the stated condition; 3.

3、 （esp. in verbs）to take away; remove例词dislike（不喜欢）, dishonest, disappear, discontented不满足的, disapprove不同意; disconnect切断；over- 1. too much; 2. above, beyond, across; 3. outer, covering（覆盖）在外的；4. additional（除此之外的）例词overpopulation人口过剩；overhanging下垂的；overcoat外套；overtime加班；under-1. too little; 2. going u

4、nderneath; 3. inner, beneath others在内; 4. less important or lower in rank例词underdeveloped, undercooked未煮熟的; understaffed人员配备不足的；underexpose 曝光不足，underfeed给太少的食物，未喂饱, underestimate低估，看轻non-1. （esp. in adjectives and nouns）showing a negative（esp. in nouns） not deserving the stated name例词 nonalcoholic不

5、含酒精的；nonstick不粘锅的，nonstandard, non-smoker, non-monopoly非垄断的，非独占的，nonparty, nonprofessional；non-event枯燥无味的活动；It was a really bad book - a non-story with non-characters. 这是一本蹩脚的书-情节单调，人物缺乏生气。sub-1. under, below; 2. less important or powerful or of lower rank than; 3. part of the stated bigger whole分支;

6、 4.（derog）similar to, but not as good as or not real仿；5. （esp, tech） almost 近于例词subzero 零下的；subway 地铁；subcommittee（委员会下设）专门小组；subtitle副标题；subsection分支，分部；sub-Victorian仿维多利亚的； subtropical亚热带的；subadult, subeditor, subagent, subhuman, subarea, subdivide, pre-1. before; 2. in advance例词preschool 学龄前的； pr

7、earranged预先安排的，预定的；post- after, later than例词postwar, postgraduate, postmeridian午后的，下午发生的，co-1. together, with; 2. doing something with someone else 和 一起做；副例词coexist共存； coeducation 男女同校制；coauthor合著者；copilot副驾驶员（飞机） co-owner, co-worker（同事）, cooperate（合作）, coeducation,ex-former （still living） 例词ex-con,

8、 ex-husband, ex-presidentsemi 半； ultra 外，极； trans- 跨越，移植； inter-之间的，相互的；super-超级的，上层的；fore-先的；self- 自我的，自动的；anti- 反，防； vice-副； uni-单的； bi- 双的；multi-多的； auto- 自动的antisocial, expresident, self-important 自大的；self-control自控；interact相互作用；transport; ultraviolet 紫外线的；ultrasonic超声的；semi-final半决赛；semiconduct

9、or半导体；vice-president; vice-captain; unilateral; uniform（一致的；制服）; multinational; multistage多级；automation（自动化操作）, automobile给下列词汇填上恰当的前缀agree, logical, possibility, play, fit, weight, paid, production, nuclear, linear, resistance, average, branch, central, examination, exist, face, star, heir, author,

10、 wife, girlfriend, basic（二元的），facial， 后缀后缀与前缀的不同之处在于，后缀的主要作用是改变词性。因此，我们在语法的基础上将后缀分为名词后缀，动词后缀，形容词后缀等。名词后缀：a. er, -ee; -or; -ist（信仰主义的人；操作者；家；）; -ian（与有联系的人，精通的人，钻研的人， 地方的人）; -ese; -ant/-ent（起作用的人）构成表示人或无的名词thinker思想家； guesser猜测者；translator翻译者；conductor导体；physicist 物理学家；dentist牙医；employee雇员；trainee受训人

11、员；physician内科医生；Italian意大利人；Japanese; assistant助手，servant, b. ance, -ence, -（a）tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment, -ness, -th, -ty, -ure, -ship构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词acceptance接受; assistance帮助; dependence依靠; confidence信心; repetition重复; preparation准备; discussion讨论; division分开; physics物理学; fabrics纺织品; bu

12、ilding建筑; wedding婚礼; reality现实; ability能力; settlement解决; argument争论; greatness伟大; hardness硬度; warmth温暖; length长度; safety安全; penalty（与刑罚有关的）惩罚; failure失败; pressure压力; friendship友谊; leadership领导2） 形容词后缀，如 able, - ible（能够的， 具有性质的， 处于状态的）, -al（与有关的）, -ful （充满的，引起的，具有特性的）, -less（没有的，不能的）, ish（民族的，地区的，有特征

13、的（贬义），有点的，稍微的）, -like（有特征的，适于的）, -ive（有性质或作用的）, -ous（具有的）, -an（地方的人，精通的人）, -ic（与有关的，受影响的）, -ly（每隔时间，象样的）, -y（覆盖的，有倾向的，易于的）, -ant, -ent（处于状态的）, -ary（与有关的）, -en （由制成的，变成，变得）等。Available可获得的, suitable适合的, responsible负责的, permissible允许的, natural自然地 , national国家的, powerful强大的, faithful忠诚的, fearless无畏的, us

14、eless无用的, selfish自私的, childish幼稚的, collective集体的, decisive决定性的, famous著名的, continuous连续不断的, American, European, historic有历史意义的, scientific科学的, friendly有好的, lively活泼的, thirsty口渴的, noisy, significant重大的, pleasant令人愉悦的, dependent依赖的, consistent一贯的, secondary次要的, imaginary想象中的, golden金色的, wooden木制的. eco

15、nomic & economicalThe 20th century has seen rapid economic growth in China.The older generation pay too much attention to economical factor when making a purchase.They are discussing problems.We should be of our money and time.Historic（历史有名的） & historical（历史学的） The falling of Berlin Wall is a histor

16、ic occasion.After years of hard working, they finally discovered some historical tombs.墓穴Dashuaifu is the house of Zhang Xueliang and his wife.classic 典范的& classical 古典的 经典的It is a classic example.This is a really classic French champagne.香槟酒Now only a few study the classical music of India.3） 动词后缀，

17、如-en, -（i）fy, -ize美/ise英, 等。-en darken heighten sharpen shorten-（i）fy solidify（凝固，团结） beautify modify （）修饰 verify 证实-ize/ise modernize symbolize realize 4） 副词后缀，如-ly, -ward（s）, -wise, 等。-ly naturally publicly-ward（s） homewards downward eastward-wise clockwise education-wise likewise otherwise 给下列各词添

18、加适当的后缀pure, urban, brother, real, broad, month, beast, haste, fast, revolution, system, 词性与语法成分不同的词性充当不同的语法成分，不同的语法成分要求不同的词性，二者互相制约。在语法与词汇的考试部分以用词汇的不同形式填空为主。例：名词与形容词修饰关系As we all know, iron is the most （use）_ metal in industry.此句考察的是修饰名词metal的语法成分，名词应该由具有形容词性质的词汇来修饰，因此想到use的形容词形式useful, useless，但是语意

19、要求填入肯定意义的词，因此答案为前者。He is a pleasant, （friend） _ man who gets on well with everyone here.此题考察的是修饰名词man 的语法成分，形容词修饰名词，-ly可加到名词后面构成形容词。答案为friendly. 此时有两种形式：1. 表称谓的名词 + ly ，意思为 象 一样的，如motherly, manly, beastly, scholarly；2. 时间名词 + ly, 意思为 以 为周期的，如daily, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, yearly。In this profe

20、ssion, training and experience are of equal （important） . 此题考察的是形容词修饰的语法成分，形容词equal 修饰名词，-ance可以加在形容词或动词后面变成名词，意思为 具有 的性质， 状态等。如:He failed in his mathematics examination because of his （care） work.此题考察的是修饰名词的语法成分，形容词修饰名词, -ful 和-less都是可以加到名词后面的形容词词缀。前者为肯定意思，后者为否定意思。根据语意，此题需要否定意义的形容词，因此，答案为careless.介

21、词与动词修饰关系One of the principles for （establish） _ good relations between any two persons is to be honest.此题考察介词后动词应用 ing形式。故答案为establishing Instead of （drive） _ his car, he took a bus to the office.此题考察的是介词后面动词的词形，但动词出现在介词后必须用-ing形式，所以此题答案为driving.形容词与副词修饰关系Things got so bad （recent） that he decided n

22、ot to go to his office. 此题考察的是修饰形容词bad的语法成分，副词用来修饰形容词，而recent 本身为形容词，-ly是变形容词为副词的后缀。因此，答案为recently.练习题：把下列形容词变成名词important _ brilliant _ competent _ consequent _ ignorant _indifferent _ intelligent _ magnificent _ significant _ 把下列动词变成名词（动作执行者）lie _ beg _ translate _把下列名词变成形容词optimist _ pessimist _

23、care _ energy _ atom _ hero _ economy _ history _把下列形容词变成动词：modern _ just _ urban _ civil _ pure _ beautiful _ clear _ terrible _fright _ large _ light _ sharp _broad _1. Concentrate on the content of the essay, not its _. （appear）2. Someones （utter） _ are the things that they say.3. Our teacher was

24、 very pleased today for the fact that we had perfect （attend） _.4. He would be more of a （hinder） _ than a help to us.5. The rule says that （maintain） _ of peace and quiet is necessary in a hospital.6. Evidence showed that the girl had made （resist） _ before she was hanged to death.7. We are going t

25、o have the evening （perform） _ at 8 oclock this Friday.8. Environmental pollution threatens the （exist） _ of wild animals.9. The chairman of the department felt it difficult to cope with complaints that seemed to be an everyday （occur） _.10. In his （accept） _ speech for the Nobel Prize, he stressed

26、the inner conflict of man.11. The power station was shown to be dangerous and, as a （consequent） _, was closed down.12. His discovery was of great （significant）_, but few people realized that.13. I dont like the department chairmans （indifferent） _ to the teachers who are not in his favor.词形变化填空复习题1

27、. 用care 的不同形式填空You must be very _careful_ not to say anything to Paul.She _cares_ for the old man as if he were her own father.A _careless_ driver is a danger to us all.All the children here are taken good _care_ of.If Bob drove more _carefully_, he wouldnt have so many accidents.He is not a diligen

28、t（勤奋） student. He shows great _carelessness_ in everything he does.Spend more time on your work. You did your homework very _carelessly_.I hope you will be more _careful_ in future about what you say.2. 用add的不同形式填空In _addition_ to English, youd better learn another foreign language.Mother needs _add

29、itional_ help in the kitchen on weekends when all of us come home from school.The fire is going out; will you _add_ some wood?This is an _additional_ proof of his carelessness.3. 用use的不同形式填空Prof. Wang tells us to make good _use_ of our time in class.My bicycle is broken; it is completely _useless_.May I _use_ your English dictionary for an hour or two?T