2 词缀与语法成分1Word文件下载.docx
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imbalanced不平衡的
mis-1.badorbadly;
2.wrongorwrongly;
3.showinganoppositeorthelackofsth
例词misfortune不幸,厄运;
misbehave行为不端;
miscalculation计算错误;
misunderstand误解;
mistrust不信任
re-(尤用于动词前)1.again;
2.againinanewandbetterway;
3.backtoaformerstate
例词rebroadcast重播;
rewrite重写;
reunite重聚;
retell复述;
reform改革
un-1.(especiallyinadjectivesandadverbs)(译:
尤其是在形容词和副词当中)showinganegative,alack,oranopposite;
2.(esp.inverbs)showinganopposite;
例词unhappy,unfair不公平的,unload卸货,uncover揭露
dis-1.showinganoppositeornegative;
2.showsthestoppingorremovingofthestatedcondition;
3.(esp.inverbs)totakeaway;
remove
例词dislike(不喜欢),dishonest,disappear,discontented不满足的,disapprove不同意;
disconnect切断;
over-1.toomuch;
2.above,beyond,across;
3.outer,covering(覆盖)在外的;
4.additional(除此之外的)
例词overpopulation人口过剩;
overhanging下垂的;
overcoat外套;
overtime加班;
under-1.toolittle;
2.goingunderneath;
3.inner,beneathothers在…内;
4.lessimportantorlowerinrank
例词underdeveloped,undercooked未煮熟的;
understaffed人员配备不足的;
underexpose曝光不足,underfeed给…太少的食物,未喂饱,underestimate低估,看轻
non-1.(esp.inadjectivesandnouns)showinganegative2.(esp.innouns)notdeservingthestatedname
例词nonalcoholic不含酒精的;
nonstick不粘锅的,nonstandard,non-smoker,non-monopoly非垄断的,非独占的,nonparty,nonprofessional;
non-event枯燥无味的活动;
Itwasareallybadbook---anon-storywithnon-characters.这是一本蹩脚的书---情节单调,人物缺乏生气。
sub-1.under,below;
2.lessimportantorpowerfuloroflowerrankthan;
3.partofthestatedbiggerwhole分支;
4.(derog)similarto,butnotasgoodasornotreal仿;
5.(esp,tech)almost近于
例词subzero零下的;
subway地铁;
subcommittee(委员会下设)专门小组;
subtitle副标题;
subsection分支,分部;
sub-Victorian仿维多利亚的;
subtropical亚热带的;
subadult,subeditor,subagent,subhuman,subarea,subdivide,
pre-1.before;
2.inadvance
例词preschool学龄前的;
prearranged预先安排的,预定的;
post-after,laterthan
例词postwar,postgraduate,postmeridian午后的,下午发生的,
co-1.together,with;
2.doingsomethingwithsomeoneelse和…一起做;
副
例词coexist共存;
coeducation男女同校制;
coauthor合著者;
copilot副驾驶员(飞机)co-owner,co-worker(同事),cooperate(合作),coeducation,
ex-former(stillliving)
例词ex-con,ex-husband,ex-president
semi–半;
ultra–外,极;
trans-跨越,移植;
inter-之间的,相互的;
super-超级的,上层的;
fore-先的;
self-自我的,自动的;
anti-反,防;
vice-副;
uni-单的;
bi-双的;
multi-多的;
auto-自动的
antisocial,expresident,self-important自大的;
self-control自控;
interact相互作用;
transport;
ultraviolet紫外线的;
ultrasonic超声的;
semi-final半决赛;
semiconductor半导体;
vice-president;
vice-captain;
unilateral;
uniform(一致的;
制服);
multinational;
multistage多级;
automation(自动化操作),automobile…
给下列词汇填上恰当的前缀
agree,logical,possibility,play,fit,weight,paid,production,nuclear,linear,resistance,average,branch,central,examination,exist,face,star,heir,author,wife,girlfriend,basic(二元的),facial,
后缀
后缀与前缀的不同之处在于,后缀的主要作用是改变词性。
因此,我们在语法的基础上将后缀分为名词后缀,动词后缀,形容词后缀等。
名词后缀:
a.–er,-ee;
-or;
-ist(信仰…主义的人;
…操作者;
…家;
);
-ian(与…有联系的人,精通…的人,钻研…的人,…地方的人);
-ese;
-ant/-ent(起…作用的人)构成表示人或无的名词
thinker思想家;
guesser猜测者;
translator翻译者;
conductor导体;
physicist物理学家;
dentist牙医;
employee雇员;
trainee受训人员;
physician内科医生;
Italian意大利人;
Japanese;
assistant助手,servant,
b.–ance,-ence,-(a)tion,-sion,-ics,-ing,-ity,-ment,-ness,-th,-ty,-ure,-ship构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词
acceptance接受;
assistance帮助;
dependence依靠;
confidence信心;
repetition重复;
preparation准备;
discussion讨论;
division分开;
physics物理学;
fabrics纺织品;
building建筑;
wedding婚礼;
reality现实;
ability能力;
settlement解决;
argument争论;
greatness伟大;
hardness硬度;
warmth温暖;
length长度;
safety安全;
penalty(与刑罚有关的)惩罚;
failure失败;
pressure压力;
friendship友谊;
leadership领导
2)形容词后缀,如–able,-ible(能够…的,具有…性质的,处于…状态的),-al(与…有关的),-ful(充满…的,引起…的,具有…特性的),-less(没有的,不能的),ish(…民族的,…地区的,有…特征的(贬义),有点…的,稍微…的),-like(有…特征的,适于…的),-ive(有…性质或作用的),-ous(具有…的),-an(…地方的人,精通…的人),-ic(与…有关的,受…影响的),-ly(每隔…时间,象…样的),-y(覆盖…的,有…倾向的,易于…的),-ant,-ent(处于…状态的),-ary(与…有关的),-en(由…制成的,变成,变得)等。
Available可获得的,suitable适合的,responsible负责的,permissible允许的,natural自然地,national国家的,powerful强大的,faithful忠诚的,fearless无畏的,useless无用的,selfish自私的,childish幼稚的,collective集体的,decisive决定性的,famous著名的,continuous连续不断的,American,European,historic有历史意义的,scientific科学的,friendly有好的,lively活泼的,thirsty口渴的,noisy,significant重大的,pleasant令人愉悦的,dependent依赖的,consistent一贯的,secondary次要的,imaginary想象中的,golden金色的,wooden木制的.
economic&
economical
The20thcenturyhasseenrapideconomicgrowthinChina.
Theoldergenerationpaytoomuchattentiontoeconomicalfactorwhenmakingapurchase.
Theyarediscussingproblems.
Weshouldbeofourmoneyandtime.
Historic(历史有名的)&
historical(历史学的)
ThefallingofBerlinWallisahistoricoccasion.
Afteryearsofhardworking,theyfinallydiscoveredsomehistoricaltombs.墓穴
DashuaifuisthehouseofZhangXueliangandhiswife.
classic典范的&
classical古典的经典的
Itisaclassicexample.
ThisisareallyclassicFrenchchampagne.香槟酒
NowonlyafewstudytheclassicalmusicofIndia.
3)动词后缀,如-en,-(i)fy,-ize美/ise英,等。
-endarkenheightensharpenshorten
-(i)fysolidify(凝固,团结)beautifymodify()修饰verify证实
-ize/isemodernizesymbolizerealize
4)副词后缀,如-ly,-ward(s),-wise,等。
-lynaturallypublicly
-ward(s)homewardsdownwardeastward
-wiseclockwiseeducation-wiselikewiseotherwise
给下列各词添加适当的后缀
pure,urban,brother,real,broad,month,beast,haste,fast,revolution,system,
词性与语法成分
不同的词性充当不同的语法成分,不同的语法成分要求不同的词性,二者互相制约。
在语法与词汇的考试部分以用词汇的不同形式填空为主。
例:
名词与形容词修饰关系
·
Asweallknow,ironisthemost(use)_______metalinindustry.
此句考察的是修饰名词metal的语法成分,名词应该由具有形容词性质的词汇来修饰,因此想到use的形容词形式useful,useless,但是语意要求填入肯定意义的词,因此答案为前者。
Heisapleasant,(friend)_______manwhogetsonwellwitheveryonehere.
此题考察的是修饰名词man的语法成分,形容词修饰名词,-ly可加到名词后面构成形容词。
答案为friendly.此时有两种形式:
1.表称谓的名词+ly,意思为象…一样的,如motherly,manly,beastly,scholarly;
2.时间名词+ly,意思为以…为周期的,如daily,monthly,bimonthly,quarterly,yearly。
Inthisprofession,trainingandexperienceareofequal(important).
此题考察的是形容词修饰的语法成分,形容词equal修饰名词,-ance可以加在形容词或动词后面变成名词,意思为具有…的性质,…状态等。
如:
Hefailedinhismathematicsexaminationbecauseofhis(care) work.
此题考察的是修饰名词的语法成分,形容词修饰名词,-ful和-less都是可以加到名词后面的形容词词缀。
前者为肯定意思,后者为否定意思。
根据语意,此题需要否定意义的形容词,因此,答案为careless.
介词与动词修饰关系
Oneoftheprinciplesfor(establish)_______goodrelationsbetweenanytwopersonsistobehonest.
此题考察介词后动词应用–ing形式。
故答案为establishing
Insteadof(drive)_______hiscar,hetookabustotheoffice.
此题考察的是介词后面动词的词形,但动词出现在介词后必须用-ing形式,所以此题答案为driving.
形容词与副词修饰关系
Thingsgotsobad(recent)thathedecidednottogotohisoffice.
此题考察的是修饰形容词bad的语法成分,副词用来修饰形容词,而recent本身为形容词,-ly是变形容词为副词的后缀。
因此,答案为recently.
练习题:
把下列形容词变成名词
important__________brilliant________competent___________consequent_________ignorant__________indifferent__________intelligent___________magnificent_______significant___________
把下列动词变成名词(动作执行者)
lie___________beg__________translate_________
把下列名词变成形容词
optimist__________pessimist_________care___________
energy_________atom_________hero_________
economy__________history_________
把下列形容词变成动词:
modern_________just_________urban___________
civil__________pure________beautiful_________
clear___________terrible_________fright__________
large__________light_________sharp___________
broad________
1.Concentrateonthecontentoftheessay,notits__________.(appear)
2.Someone’s(utter)_______arethethingsthattheysay.
3.Ourteacherwasverypleasedtodayforthefactthatwehadperfect(attend)_______.
4.Hewouldbemoreofa(hinder)_______thanahelptous.
5.Therulesaysthat(maintain)_______ofpeaceandquietisnecessaryinahospital.
6.Evidenceshowedthatthegirlhadmade(resist)_______beforeshewashangedtodeath.
7.Wearegoingtohavetheevening(perform)_______at8o’clockthisFriday.
8.Environmentalpollutionthreatensthe(exist)_______ofwildanimals.
9.Thechairmanofthedepartmentfeltitdifficulttocopewithcomplaintsthatseemedtobeaneveryday(occur)_______.
10.Inhis(accept)_______speechfortheNobelPrize,hestressedtheinnerconflictofman.
11.Thepowerstationwasshowntobedangerousand,asa(consequent)___________,wascloseddown.
12.Hisdiscoverywasofgreat(significant)__________,butfewpeoplerealizedthat.
13.Idon’tlikethedepartmentchairman’s(indifferent)________totheteacherswhoarenotinhisfavor.
词形变化填空复习题
1.用care的不同形式填空
Youmustbevery______careful____nottosayanythingtoPaul.
She____cares____fortheoldmanasifhewereherownfather.
A___careless____driverisadangertousall.
Allthechildrenherearetakengood____care____of.
IfBobdrovemore____carefully____,hewouldn’thavesomanyaccidents.
Heisnotadiligent(勤奋)student.Heshowsgreat____carelessness___ineverythinghedoes.
Spendmoretimeonyourwork.Youdidyourhomeworkvery_____carelessly_____.
Ihopeyouwillbemore______careful_____infutureaboutwhatyousay.
2.用add的不同形式填空
In____addition___toEnglish,you’dbetterlearnanotherforeignlanguage.
Motherneeds____additional_____helpinthekitchenonweekendswhenallofuscomehomefromschool.
Thefireisgoingout;
willyou___add_____somewood?
Thisisan_____additional___proofofhiscarelessness.
3.用use的不同形式填空
Prof.Wangtellsustomakegood____use___ofourtimeinclass.
Mybicycleisbroken;
itiscompletely____useless_____.
MayI___use____yourEnglishdictionaryforanhourortwo?
T