马克吐温Word下载.docx

1、 metaphor. Endless: hyperbole. The whole sentence: parallelism.句意：Mark Twain is famous to most Americans as the creator of Hack Finn and Tom Sawyer. Hacks sailing / voyage / journey / travel on the river was so pleasant, lighthearted, carefree, simple and peaceful that it made his boyhood seem to be

2、 infinite, while Toms independent mind and his exciting and dangerous activities made the summer seem everlasting. 3. idyllic: i / ai adj. of idyll, a simple happy period of life, often in the country, or a scene from such a time, a description of this, esp. a poem. 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的 idyll idil

3、, / aidl n. short piece of poetry or prose that describes a happy and peaceful scene or event, esp of country lifeeg.an idyllic setting, holiday, marriage田园诗4. cruise: A cruise is a holiday during which you travel on a ship and visit lots of places.（v.）to move at a constant speed that is comfortable

4、 and unhurried.巡游eg.He was on a world cruise. cruise missile: a missile which carries a nuclear warhead and which is guided by a computer as it flies. It can be launched from the land, sea or air.eg.They spend the summer cruising in the Greek islands.eg.The taxi cruised off down the Changan Avenue.c

5、ruiser: a large fast warship. 巡游舰艇cf: aircraft carrier, helicopter carrier, battleship, flagship, destroyer, speedboat, torpedo boat, etc.5. every bit asas: infml, just as, quite as完全，同样地eg.He is every bit as clever as you are. 他与你同样聪明。eg.Im every bit as sorry about it as you.6. cynical: A cynical p

6、erson believes that all men are selfish. He sees little or no good in anything and shows this by making unkind and unfair remarks about people and things.玩世不恭的，愤世嫉俗的cynic: n a. person who believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage玩世不恭的人

7、；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人b. Cynic: member of a school of ancient Greek philosophy that despised ease and comforta cynical remark, attitude, smile eg.Theyve grown rather cynical about democracy, ie no longer believe that it is an honest system.7. deal, dealt: to give , to give out, to strike, to distributeg.Who

8、 deals the cards next?to deal sb. a blow（打击）Pay attention to the sentence structure of this part: Saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, he grew cynical, bitter8. obsess: fill the mind continuously, AmE, to worry continuously and unnecessarily. If sth obsesses you or if you are

9、obsessed with it or by it, you keep thinking about it over a long period of time, and find it difficult to think about anything else. 使分心；使心神困扰（尤指精神反常、着迷）eg.He became absolutely obsessed with a girl reporter on television. g.She is obsessed by the desire to become a great scientist. preoccupy: to fi

10、ll the thoughts or hold the interest of sb. almost completely, esp. so that not enough attention is given to other （present） matters.9. frailty: a weakness of character or behaviour. 脆弱性；虚弱性（尤指意志薄弱）eg.One of the frailties of human nature is laziness.eg.That chair looks too frail to take a mans weigh

11、t.eg.There is only a frail chance that he will pass the examination.02. Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of h

12、is life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms （12 feet） of water - a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his

13、 books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克吐温原名塞缪尔朗赫恩克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻（12英尺）意即可以通航的信号语。他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。10. tramp:（n.） a person

14、 who has no home or permanent job and very little money. Tramps go from place to place getting food and money by taking occasional job or begging. A woman who is thought to have sex with a lot of men is cursed to be a tramp. （v.） tramp means to walk heavily in a particular direction or along roads o

15、r streets. 步行；徒步旅行eg.Theres a tramp at the door begging for food.eg,We tramped for hours through the snow.eg.Dont tramp about so noisily, youll wake everyone up. 盲流，”blind flow”, unauthorized move, persons who move without government sanction11.pilot: a person who with special knowledge of a particu

16、lar stretch of water, esp. the entrance of a harbour, and who is trained and specially employed to go on board and guide ships that use it.eg.A pilot is also a person who is trained to fly an aircraft.12. Confederate States of America （1861-65）, also Confederacy. the government established by the so

17、uthern states of the US after their secession / official separation from the union. When president Lincoln was elected （Nov. 1860）, seven states - South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, and Texas, seceded /sisi:d/. A provisional government was set up at Montgomery, Ala, a

18、nd a constitution was drafted. Later four more states- Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee- joined. Richmond, Va., became the capital, and Jefferson Davis and A.H. Stephens were elected president and vice president. The story of the Confederacy is the story of the loss of the Civil War

19、. The Confederacy fell after Gen. Robert Edward Lees surrender in Apr. 1865 to Gen. Grant at Appomattox （town in cent. Va） Courthouse. 13. guerrilla （guerilla）: a member of an unofficial fight group which attacks the enemy in small groups unexpectedly.游击队Song of the Guerrillas游击队之歌14. prospector: a

20、person who examines the land in order to find gold, oil, etc. （矿藏等的）勘探者；探矿者15. starry: full of stars in the sky, indicating sparkling, glowing, and flashing. starry-eyed: full of unreasonable or silly hopes. If you are starry-eyed, you are so full of dreams or hopes or idealistic thoughts that you d

21、o not see how things really are.过于理想的，不切实际的；盲目乐观的eg.We were all starry-eyed about visiting London. 16. acid-tongued: If sb. is acid-tongued, he makes unkind or critical remarks. 说话尖刻的Notice that the first four expressions refer to the job he did and the last two expressions imply the characteristic

22、feature of his personality.17. range: to travel without any definite plan or destination, a fairly literary use. wander, range, saunter, strollWander implies the absence of a fixed course or more or less indifference to a course that has been fixed or otherwise indicated. The term may imply the move

23、ment of a walker whether human or animal, but it may be used of anything capable of direction. vi. 徘徊；漫步；迷路；离题 vt. 游荡，漫游eg.His eyes wandered over the landscape.g.His mind wandered and he was unsure of himself.Range may be preferred when literal wandering is not implied or when the stress is on the s

24、weep of territory covered rather than on the form of locomotion involved. vi.（在.内）变动；平行，列为一行；延伸；漫游；射程达到vt. 漫游；放牧；使并列；归类于；来回走动eg.He spent the summer ranging the world.g.Animals range through the forests.Saunter stresses a leisurely pace and in idle and carefree mind. 闲逛；漫步Stroll differs from saunter

25、chiefly in the implications of an objective, （as sight-seeing or exercise） pursued without haste and sometimes with wandering from one place to another. 散步；闲逛；巡回演出eg.strolling （around） in the park 18. digest:a. When you digest food, the food passes through your stomach and is broken down so that you

26、r body can use it.消化t give the baby meat to eat, because he cannot digest it. b. If you digest information, you think about it, understand it, and remember it. 融会贯通，吸收eg.The report contains too much to digest at one reading. g.He reads rapidly but does not digest very much.c. A digest is a collectio

27、n of things that have been written, which are put together and published again in a more concise form.eg.The leading magazines in the U.S. include Golf Digest, Readers Digest, and Soap Opera Digest19. adopt: to take and use as ones own. 采取；接受；收养；正式通过eg.The US government decided to adopt a hard line

28、towards terrorists. eg.Congress has adopted the new measures. g.I adopted their method of making the machine. adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress eg.Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan / dog. eg.Pauls mother had him adopted because she couldnt look after him

29、 herself. eg.her adopted country, ie not her native country but the one in which she has chosen to live adept: （in sth）; （at/in doing sth） adj. 熟练的；擅长的eg.Shes adept at growing roses.eg.Hes an adept in carpentry. adapt sth （for sth） make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth适应，改编eg.This machine has been sp