文化习题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 3）天地之大德曰生。 4）获罪于天，无所禄也。 5）仁者，人也，亲亲为大。 6）父母在，不远游，游必有方。 7） 父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。8） 己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。9） 己所不欲，勿施于人。10）子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。11）礼之用，和为贵。12）知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。（三）Careful Reading1、Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1）All the following are the title

2、s of Confucius EXCEPT _. A. an educator B. a biologist C. a scholar D. a philosopher2）The expression “filial piety” most probably means being _. A. loyal to the state B. obedient to sister（s） C. responsible D. dutiful to parents3） Which of the following can best describe Confucius view on the relati

3、onship between man and nature/Heaven? A. Brothers. B. Husband and wife. C. Doctor and patient. D. Mother and son.4） Through burial and ancestral worship rituals, people can learn that_. A. nature is lifeless so it will never die B. individuals life can be everlasting by joining nature C. they should

4、 be grateful to their parents for giving them livesD. individuals lifespan is short, so they should enjoy life as much as possible5） Which of the following is the most important part of Confucius curriculum? A. Music. B. Calligraphy C. Virtue D. Mathematics6） Zi lu, Ran You and Gongxi Chis aspiratio

5、ns represent_, while Zeng Dians reflects_. A. personal ambition; selfishness B. lofty ideals; meaningless pursuit C. personal struggle; generous contribution D. individual contribution to society; harmony（四）Communication1） God bless2） Thank God3） Please God4） For Gods sake5） God forbid6） Man propose

6、s, God disposes.7） God helps those who help themselves. Answers（一）Questions1. 1） The Analects is mainly about Confucius words and life story. 2） Confucius regarded Heaven as nature. 3） Confucius innovative idea about Heaven is that Heaven （or nature） is the process of life creation. 4）The heavenly m

7、ission is to accomplish Heavens purpose of protecting and improving life. 5） Confucius advocated “ standing in awe of the ordinances of Heaven” and warned against offending Heaven. This is, in essence, equivalent to the modern idea of staying in harmony with nature. So in this way Confucius concept

8、of Heaven is similar to the modern ecological civilization. 6） Confucius interpreted ren as love of people, which begins with the love for ones parents. 7） According to Confucius, the most important part of li is the burial and ancestral worship rituals. 8） Persons of virtue are supposed to have sou

9、nd character and uplifted minds and they can shoulder important social responsibilities and make contributions to society. 9） According to Confucius, studying music can lift ones spirit and help one appreciate beauty. 1）Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seaso

10、ns and the growth of all living things.2） Continuous creation of life is change.3） The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.4） He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5） The greatest love for people is the love for ones parents.6） Children should not travel far while

11、their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7） Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8） While fulfil

12、ling ones own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9） Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.10） A child should not leave his parents bosom until he is three years old.11） The role of li is to maintain harmony among people.12） Simply knowing the highest standard of

13、virtue is not as good as setting it as ones goal. Setting it as ones goal is not as good as enjoying practicing of it.B D D B C D1）上帝保佑用于向某人表示关爱2）谢天谢地，感谢上帝3）但愿用于表示非常强烈的愿望4）看在上帝的份上，行行好把表示某事很重要5）但愿（某事）不会发生6） 谋势在人，成事在天。7）自助者天助也Unit 2 Laozis Philosophy of Non-actionAssignment- fill in the blanks 1） Laoz

14、is thought has a great influence on the characteristics; trends of thought; and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese people. 2） The examples of birds, fish, clouds and flowers are used to illustrate that everything in the world has its own way of being and development. 3） The difference between gr

15、eat ingenuity and ordinary ingenuity lies in the fact that the latter can be achieved through human effort, but the former is superior to the latter. 4） In order to become strong, one should start with ones own weak points;instead of oppressing the weak. 5） In Laozis opinion, fragility is the symbol

16、 of life. 6） The highest level of ones cultivation is to return to the state of a newborn baby, who is free of any knowledge, desire; impurity or falsehood . 7） People fight and deceive one another out of desire. 8） According to the laws of nature, people should not rob the poor and oppress the weak

17、.Assignment- translation 1. 顺应自然。 Follow the way of nature. 2.无为而无不为。 Act through non-action. 3.大巧若拙。 Great ingenuity appears to be stupidity. 4.以柔弱胜刚强。 Overcome the strong by being weak. 5.不战而屈人之兵。 Win a war without fighting water. 6.兼爱。 Love for all. 7.上善若水。 The greatest virtue is like water. 8.人往

18、高处走，水往低处流。 Humans tend to seek higher positions. 9.无欲则刚。 One is invincible because he desires nothing and contends for nothing. 10. 返璞归真。 Return to the state of a newborn baby. 1. Nature is conquered by obeying her. 顺应自然方能征服自然。 2.He that follows nature is never out of his way. 按自然规律办事的人绝不会迷失方向。 3.Th

19、e drop of rains makes a hole in the stone, not by violence, but by the frequency of falling. 滴水穿石，非蛮力所致，皆因坚持不懈。Unit 3 Sunzis Art of War: Source for All Books on WarAssignment Answer questions 1） Why is Sunzis Art of War regarded as the greatest among so many books on war? Sunzis Art of War is regard

20、ed as the greatest among so many books on war because it excels over the other books in terms of strategy design, philosophical grounding and in tactical application. 2） What did Sunzi mean by “treachery”? By “treachery” Sunzi meant that deceiving the enemy with false impressions. 3） Why is “ Winnin

21、g a war without fighting it” advocated by Sunzi? “ Winning a war without fighting it” is advocated by Sunzi because he wanted to avoid large-scale killing and destruction. 4） According to Sunzis dialectical thinking. What should commanders consider? According to the dialectical thinking of Sunzi, co

22、mmanders should consider gains and losses from both positive and negative sides. 5） Suppose our troops have strength similar to the enemy troops, how can we win an absolute advantage over the enemy? Suppose our troops have the similar strength with the enemy troops, we can win an absolute advantage

23、over the enemy by dispersing the enemy troops. 6）What does Sunzis Art of War begin and end with? Sunzis Art of War begins and ends with warnings against war. 7）What are the first three countries that published the translation of Sunzis Art of War? The first three countries that published the transla

24、tion of Sunzis Art of War are Japan, Republic of Korea and France.Assignment-careful reading 2） The word “treachery” in Sunzis Art of War is closest in meaning to_ . A. deception B. betrayal C. preaching D. irritation A 3） The strategy of the lowest level in a war is to _ . A. use different strategi

25、es B. frustrate the diplomacy of the enemy C. attack the army of the enemy D. attack the city of the enemy D 4） From Sunzis warning, we can infer that sometimes a war could be declared just because _ . A. one country was under attack from another B. the king or emperor just wanted to invade another

26、country C. the ruler was irritated for the time being D. the commander and general had a bad temper CAssignment- translation 1） 先计而后战 Planning before going to war. 2） 知己知彼，百战不殆。 One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy. 3） 兵以诈立。 The army survives by treachery. 4）利

27、而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。 Tempt the enemy with gains, attack the enemy when they are in disorder, be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength, avoid the enemy when they are stronger, aggravate the enemy when they are angry, cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are

28、 prudent, tire the enemy when they are at rest, sow discord among the enemy when they are united. 5） 攻其无备，出其不意。 Attack the enemy at an unexpected time and place. 6） 不战而屈人之兵。 Winning a war without fighting it. 7） 乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。 Chaos compares with order, cowardice with bravery, and weakness with str

29、ength. 8） 兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。 The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.Unit 4 Chinese Characters: Poetic SymbolsAssignment: 1） Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters? A. Aspiration. B. Imagination. C. Creativity. D. Allusion. 2）