文化习题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

文化习题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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3）天地之大德曰生。

4）获罪于天，无所禄也。

5）仁者，人也，亲亲为大。

6）父母在，不远游，游必有方。

7）父母之年，不可不知也。

一则以喜，一则以惧。

8）己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。

9）己所不欲，勿施于人。

10）子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。

11）礼之用，和为贵。

12）知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。

（三）CarefulReading

1、Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.

1）AllthefollowingarethetitlesofConfuciusEXCEPT_____.

A.aneducatorB.abiologistC.ascholarD.aphilosopher

2）Theexpression“filialpiety”mostprobablymeansbeing_____.

A.loyaltothestateB.obedienttosister（s）

C.responsibleD.dutifultoparents

3）WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeConfucius’viewontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature/Heaven?

A.Brothers.B.Husbandandwife.

C.Doctorandpatient.D.Motherandson.

4）Throughburialandancestralworshiprituals,peoplecanlearnthat______.

A.natureislifelesssoitwillneverdie

B.individual’slifecanbeeverlastingbyjoiningnature

C.theyshouldbegratefultotheirparentsforgivingthemlives

D.individual’slifespanisshort,sotheyshouldenjoylifeasmuchaspossible

5）WhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantpartofConfucius’curriculum?

A.Music.B.CalligraphyC.VirtueD.Mathematics

6）Zilu,RanYouandGongxiChi’saspirationsrepresent______,whileZengDian’sreflects_____.

A.personalambition;

selfishness

B.loftyideals;

meaninglesspursuit

C.personalstruggle;

generouscontribution

D.individualcontributiontosociety;

harmony

（四）Communication

1）Godbless

2）ThankGod

3）PleaseGod

4）ForGod’ssake

5）Godforbid

6）Manproposes,Goddisposes.

7）Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

Answers

（一）Questions

1.1）TheAnalectsismainlyaboutConfucius’wordsandlifestory.

2）ConfuciusregardedHeavenasnature.

3）Confucius’innovativeideaaboutHeavenisthatHeaven（ornature）istheprocessoflifecreation.

4）TheheavenlymissionistoaccomplishHeaven’spurposeofprotectingandimprovinglife.

5）Confuciusadvocated“standinginaweoftheordinancesofHeaven”andwarnedagainstoffendingHeaven.Thisis,inessence,equivalenttothemodernideaofstayinginharmonywithnature.SointhiswayConfucius’conceptofHeavenissimilartothemodernecologicalcivilization.

6）Confuciusinterpretedrenasloveofpeople,whichbeginswiththeloveforone’sparents.

7）AccordingtoConfucius,themostimportantpartofliistheburialandancestralworshiprituals.

8）Personsofvirtuearesupposedtohavesoundcharacterandupliftedmindsandtheycanshoulderimportantsocialresponsibilitiesandmakecontributionstosociety.

9）AccordingtoConfucius,studyingmusiccanliftone’sspiritandhelponeappreciatebeauty.

1）Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.

2）Continuouscreationoflifeischange.

3）ThegreatvirtueofHeavenandEarthiscreatinglife.

4）HewhooffendsagainstHeavenhasnonetowhomhecanpray.

5）Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveforone’sparents.

6）Childrenshouldnottravelfarwhiletheirparentsarealive.Iftheyhavenochoicebuttodoso,theymustretainsomerestraint.

7）Childrenshouldthinkoftenoftheageoftheirparents.Theyshouldfeelhappyforthehealthandlongevityoftheirparents.Theyshouldalsofeelconcernfortheagingoftheirparents.

8）Whilefulfillingone’sowndesires,allowotherstofulfilltheirs.

9）Donotdotowardothersanythingyouwouldnotwanttobedonetoyou.

10）Achildshouldnotleavehisparents’bosomuntilheisthreeyearsold.

11）Theroleofliistomaintainharmonyamongpeople.

12）Simplyknowingthehigheststandardofvirtueisnotasgoodassettingitasone’sgoal.Settingitasone’sgoalisnotasgoodasenjoyingpracticingofit.

BDDBCD

1）上帝保佑[用于向某人表示关爱]

2）谢天谢地，感谢上帝

3）但愿[用于表示非常强烈的愿望]

4）看在上帝的份上，行行好把[表示某事很重要]

5）但愿（某事）不会发生

6）谋势在人，成事在天。

7）自助者天助也

Unit2Laozi’sPhilosophyofNon-action

Assignment---fillintheblanks

•1）Laozi’sthoughthasagreatinfluenceonthecharacteristics;

trendsofthought;

andaestheticsensibilitiesoftheChinesepeople.

•2）Theexamplesofbirds,fish,cloudsandflowersareusedtoillustratethateverythingintheworldhasitsownwayofbeinganddevelopment.

•3）Thedifferencebetweengreatingenuityandordinaryingenuityliesinthefactthatthelattercanbeachievedthroughhumaneffort,buttheformerissuperiortothelatter.

•4）Inordertobecomestrong,oneshouldstartwithone’sownweakpoints;

insteadofoppressingtheweak.

•5）InLaozi’sopinion,fragilityisthesymboloflife.

•6）Thehighestlevelofone’scultivationistoreturntothestateofanewbornbaby,whoisfreeofanyknowledge,desire;

impurityorfalsehood.

•7）Peoplefightanddeceiveoneanotheroutofdesire.

•8）Accordingtothelawsofnature,peopleshouldnotrobthepoorandoppresstheweak.

Assignment----translation

•1.顺应自然。

•Followthewayofnature.

•2.无为而无不为。

•Actthroughnon-action.

•3.大巧若拙。

•Greatingenuityappearstobestupidity.

•4.以柔弱胜刚强。

•Overcomethestrongbybeingweak.

•5.不战而屈人之兵。

•Winawarwithoutfightingwater.

•6.兼爱。

•Loveforall.

•7.上善若水。

•Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.

•8.人往高处走，水往低处流。

•Humanstendtoseekhigherpositions.

•9.无欲则刚。

•Oneisinvinciblebecausehedesiresnothingandcontendsfornothing.

•10.返璞归真。

•Returntothestateofanewbornbaby.

•1.Natureisconqueredbyobeyingher.

•顺应自然方能征服自然。

•2.Hethatfollowsnatureisneveroutofhisway.

•按自然规律办事的人绝不会迷失方向。

•3.Thedropofrainsmakesaholeinthestone,notbyviolence,butbythefrequencyoffalling.

•滴水穿石，非蛮力所致，皆因坚持不懈。

Unit3Sunzi’sArtofWar:

SourceforAllBooksonWar

Assignment–Answerquestions

•1）WhyisSunzi’sArtofWarregardedasthegreatestamongsomanybooksonwar?

•Sunzi’sArtofWarisregardedasthegreatestamongsomanybooksonwarbecauseitexcelsovertheotherbooksintermsofstrategydesign,philosophicalgroundingandintacticalapplication.

•2）WhatdidSunzimeanby“treachery”?

•By“treachery”Sunzimeantthatdeceivingtheenemywithfalseimpressions.

•3）Whyis“Winningawarwithoutfightingit”advocatedbySunzi?

•“Winningawarwithoutfightingit”isadvocatedbySunzibecausehewantedtoavoidlarge-scalekillinganddestruction.

•4）AccordingtoSunzi’sdialecticalthinking.Whatshouldcommandersconsider?

•AccordingtothedialecticalthinkingofSunzi,commandersshouldconsidergainsandlossesfrombothpositiveandnegativesides.

•5）Supposeourtroopshavestrengthsimilartotheenemytroops,howcanwewinanabsoluteadvantageovertheenemy?

•Supposeourtroopshavethesimilarstrengthwiththeenemytroops,wecanwinanabsoluteadvantageovertheenemybydispersingtheenemytroops.

•6）WhatdoesSunzi’sArtofWarbeginandendwith?

•Sunzi’sArtofWarbeginsandendswithwarningsagainstwar.

•7）WhatarethefirstthreecountriesthatpublishedthetranslationofSunzi’sArtofWar?

•ThefirstthreecountriesthatpublishedthetranslationofSunzi’sArtofWarareJapan,RepublicofKoreaandFrance.

Assignment-carefulreading

•2）Theword“treachery”inSunzi’sArtofWarisclosestinmeaningto________.

•A.deception

•B.betrayal

•C.preaching

•D.irritation

•A

•3）Thestrategyofthelowestlevelinawaristo_______.

•A.usedifferentstrategies

•B.frustratethediplomacyoftheenemy

•C.attackthearmyoftheenemy

•D.attackthecityoftheenemy

•D

•4）FromSunzi’swarning,wecaninferthatsometimesawarcouldbedeclaredjustbecause__________.

•A.onecountrywasunderattackfromanother

•B.thekingoremperorjustwantedtoinvadeanothercountry

•C.therulerwasirritatedforthetimebeing

•D.thecommanderandgeneralhadabadtemper

•C

Assignment-translation

•1）先计而后战

•Planningbeforegoingtowar.

•2）知己知彼，百战不殆。

•Onecanfightandwinahundredwarsifoneknowsbothoneselfandtheenemy.

•3）兵以诈立。

•Thearmysurvivesbytreachery.

•4）利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。

•Tempttheenemywithgains,attacktheenemywhentheyareindisorder,bepreparedfortheenemywhentheyareequalinstrength,avoidtheenemywhentheyarestronger,aggravatetheenemywhentheyareangry,causetheenemytobecomearrogantwhentheyareprudent,tiretheenemywhentheyareatrest,sowdiscordamongtheenemywhentheyareunited.

•5）攻其无备，出其不意。

•Attacktheenemyatanunexpectedtimeandplace.

•6）不战而屈人之兵。

•Winningawarwithoutfightingit.

•7）乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。

•Chaoscompareswithorder,cowardicewithbravery,andweaknesswithstrength.

•8）兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。

•Theuseofforceisamatteroflifeordeathforthesoldiers,thepeopleandthecountry.

Unit4ChineseCharacters:

PoeticSymbols

Assignment:

•1）WhichofthefollowingisirrelevanttothepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharacters?

•A.Aspiration.B.Imagination.C.Creativity.D.Allusion.

•2）