APA正文格式样例.doc

1、1. Introduction正文中的一级标题用14号times New Roman 加粗，标题在某一页的开始，段前就不再另外空行，只段后一行即可。所有标题左对齐 APA格式：每级标题下的正文第二段开始，以后每段都缩进五个字符。 APA格式：每级标题下的正文首段不缩进Idioms are thought of as the core and essence of language and culture. Any language which has a long history is abundant in idioms. Many of the words often contain en

2、ough philosophical and incisive theories for people to study and they become an important part of modern English (Zhang, 2009, p. 8). For example: “As a man sows, so he shall reap” can be translated into “种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”, “To strike while the iron is hot” is translated as “趁热打铁”, “A long road tests a hor

3、ses strength and a long task proves a mans heart” can be translated into “路遥知马力, 日久见人心”. Nowadays, with the prospering of international communication, the activity of idiom translation has become especially frequent and important. However, idioms are strongly combined with specific culture, which of

4、ten leads to great difficulty in translation. Thus, studying the relations between idioms and a few important cultural aspects such as historical backgrounds, geographical conditions, social customs, religious beliefs, etc. will help us to understand the cultural elements in idioms.正文中的一级标题用14号times

5、 New Roman 加粗，段前两行，段后一行。所有标题左对齐。正文中所有标题中只有第一个词的首字母，冒号和破折号后第一个词的首字母，及专有名词必须大写，其余小写全部正文内容使用word1.5倍行距，12号Times New Roman 从引言那页开始标页码，页码居中对齐。 Since culture plays so important a role in intercultural communication, the cultural factors in different languages have been attracting more and more attention o

6、f linguistic scholars. In order to make intercultural communication more successful, many scholars have become interested in the study of cultural similarities and differences encoded in different languages. The study of cultural factors in different languages is of significance in intercultural com

7、munication as well as other disciplines such as linguistics, language acquisition, etc.This paper will expound the cultural differences between Chinese and English idioms and explore the role of culture plays in understanding of idioms. 2. The cultural 正文中的一级标题用14号times New Roman 加粗，上空两行下空一行,即段前两行，段

8、后一行。所有标题左对齐。MLA格式中， 每个标题里 每个实义词首字母大写backgrounds in idiomsIdioms as a special form of language carry a large amount of cultural information. They are the heritage of history and the product of cultural evolvement. Generally speaking, Idioms 二级标题及以下标题使用12 号times New Roman加粗，段前一行，然后回车正常行距书写正文。come from

9、 society, culture and history; they are included in everything and related to societys life and play an important role in culture.2.1 The definition of culture正文不出现作者姓，则在括号中，作者姓，年份，p.页数Culture is a large and extremely complex concept. Some foreign scholars estimate that no less than 200 definitions

10、for “culture” have already been cited in the academic field, some of which are concerned with the material products of the people; others deal with those spiritual aspects shared by people living in certain communities; still others focus both on beliefs and practices of a society. He defines, “cult

11、ure is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Luo, 2005, p. 27).正文出现作者姓，括号中写（年份，p.页码）或（年份，pp.起止页码） Chinese scholar Ke (2000, pp. 142-143) states in his article Cultural Pesuppositions and

12、 Misreading “that most anthropologists agree on the following features of culture: 1) Culture is socially acquired instead of biologically transmitted. 2) Culture is shared among the members of a community instead of being unique to an individual. 3) Culture is symbolic. Symbolizing means assigning

13、to entities and events meanings which are external to them and not able to be grasped by themselves alone. Language is the most typical symbolic system within culture; 4) Culture is integrated. Each aspect of culture is tied in with the other aspects”.2.2 The definition of idiomIdioms are the crysta

14、llization of language. Without idioms, our language would become dull and dry, whereas an appropriate use of them in our speech and writing will add to the strength and vividness of our language. 以后内容已省略.The definition of idiom in The Oxford English Dictionary is that idiom is a form of expression,

15、grammatical construction, phrase, etc, peculiar to a language; a peculiarity of phraseology approved by the usage of a language, and often having a signification other than its grammatical or logical one (2004, p. 873 ).These definitions indicate that some English idioms are composed of several word

16、s (from two words to many words) and some are even made of a complete sentence. Therefore, English idioms, in a broad sense, may include idiomatic phrases, proverbial sayings, and some slang expressions (Yu & Guo, 1999, p. 170).括号中两个作者中间加&2.3 The relationship between idiom and culture Language is closely related to culture and can be said as a part of culture. From a dynamic view, language and culture interact with each oth