SectionIUseofEnglish大学英语课程教学要求Word文档格式.docx

1、Indeed, a systematic review 3by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, rounds up 4of the use of text-messaging in the 5of health care. These uses 6three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by 7text-messaging into treatment regimes.Using text

2、ing to 8efficiency is not profound science, but big savings can be achieved. Several 9carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders10the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. If such schemes

3、 were 11nationally, this would translate 12annual savings of 256-364 million.Text messages can also be a good way to deliver public-health information, particularly to groups 13are hard to reach by other means. Text messages have been used in India to 14people about the World Health Organizations st

4、rategy to control lung disease. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a 15to immunize nearly 5 million children16 paralysis. 17, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to 18their medicine, or to encourage accordance with

5、exercise regimes. However, Dr. Rifat notes that the evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally 19 , and more quantitative research is 20 .1. A soB evenC despiteD and2. A interestingB abundantC clearD reasonable3. A wentB cameC performedD turned4. A approachesB situationsC problemsD

6、examples5. A realityB reorganizationC deliveryD discovery6. A fall intoB sum upC associate withD subject to7. A cooperatingB incorporatingC adaptingD adopting8. A riseB boostC produceD encourage9. A questionsB incidentsC casesD trials10. A reducesB degradesC deservesD drops11. A called uponB switche

7、d toC rolled outD went through12. A intoB forC onD from13. A whatB whoseC whichD who14. A askB informC adoptD contact15. A campaignB eventC decisionD communication16. A offB withC againstD in17. A FinallyB HoweverC UsuallyD Obviously18. A buyB receiveC getD take19. A unscientificB realC anecdotalD l

8、egal20. A gainedB acquiredC neededD givenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1Prudent investors learned long ago that putting your eggs into lots of baskets reduces risk. Co

9、nservationists have now hit on a similar idea: a population of endangered animals will have a better chance of survival if it is divided into interconnected groups. The prospects of the species will be better because the chance that all the constituent subpopulations will die out at the same time is

10、 low. And, in the long term, it matters little if one or two groups do disappear, because immigrants from better-faring patches will eventually reestablish the species old haunts.One endangered species divided in just this way is the worlds rarest carnivore, the Ethiopian wolf, which lives high in t

11、he meadows of the Bale Mountains. Just 350 exist in three pockets of meadow connected by narrow valleys in the Bale Mountains National Park, with a further 150 outside this area.Two of the main threats to the Ethiopian wolf come from diseases carried by domestic dogs. One of these, rabies, is of par

12、ticular concern because it is epidemic in the dog population. At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. It would be ambitious, because the prevailing thinking that all individuals matter and therefore all outbreaks of disease should be completely halted implies t

13、hat a large proportion of wolves would need to be vaccinated.Dan Haydon, of the University of Glasgow, and his colleagues believe that conservation biologists should think differently. With the exception of humans, species are important but individuals are not. Some outbreaks of disease can be toler

14、ated. In a paper published this week in Nature, they recast the mathematics of vaccination with this in mind.On epidemiologists standard assumption that every individual counts, vaccination programmes are intended to prevent epidemics by ensuring that each infected animal, on average, passes the dis

15、ease on to less than one healthy animal. This implies that around two-thirds of all the wolves would need to be vaccinated. A programme that sought to save a species rather than individuals would allow each infected wolf to pass the disease on to more than one healthy animal and hence require fewer

16、vaccinations. Dr Haydon and his colleagues have calculated, using data from a rabies outbreak in 2003, that vaccinating between 10% and 25% would suffice, provided veterinarians gave jabs to those wolves living in the narrow valleys that connect the subpopulations.If the threat of rabies arose every

17、 five years, targeting all the wolves in the corridors would cut the risk of extinction over a 20-year period by fourfold. If this were backed up by vaccinating a mere 10% of the wolves in the three connected meadows, the chance of extinction would drop to less than one in 1,000. Saving a few seems

18、to be an efficient way of protecting the many.21. By citing prudent investors idea, the author wants to illustrate that_.A conservationists got inspirations from it.B endangered animals can be protected in a similar way.C the prospects of some species depend on conservation.D the subpopulations will

19、 die without being put into different groups.22. The Ethiopian wolf_.A is facing the risk of extinction as the rarest carnivore.B is separated into three groups to achieve survival.C lives in narrow valleys in the Bale Mountains.D has altogether 350 alive in the world.23. The idea that nearly all th

20、e wolves would need to be vaccinated_.A is due to that rabies carried by dogs is epidemic.B is very easy to be realized by local medical administration.C is based on the thinking that every wolf is necessarily protected.D is supported by Dan Haydon of the University of Glasgow.24. From the last two

21、paragraphs, we know that_.A if each individual counts, one-third of wolves have to be vaccinated.B Dr. Haydon proved epidemiologists standard assumption is right.C to vaccinate 10% to 25% of wolves living in the connected meadows is enough.D it takes 20 years to reduce risk of extinction if all the

22、wolves are targeted.25. The main purpose of the text is to_.A show the dangers Ethiopian wolves are facing with.B inform people of the prospects Ethiopian wolves.C teach how to divide Ethiopian wolves into groups.D tell how to protect Ethiopian wolves from rabies.Text 2It is no longer just dirty blu

23、e-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has ma

24、de it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanleys Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the global labor arbitrage is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centers that are being outsourced to lo

25、w-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.The standard retort to such a

26、rguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than lm American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed a

27、nd created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeto

28、n University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of off-shoring, and that in future two to three times as many service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the n

29、umber of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wages:Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates hat fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages.In the 1980s an