裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第28课文档格式.docx

1、一只罕见的蝴蝶a rare visitor稀客a rare edition珍藏本It is rare + for （sb） + to do sth某人很少做某事eg. It is rare for him to be absent.他很少缺席。2） adj.（气体等）稀薄的，稀疏的thinthe rare air of the mountains山里的稀薄空气3）adj.半熟的，煮得嫩的Id like my steak rare, please.我要的牛排要三、四分熟。half-done半熟 well-done全熟rarity rerti: n. c珍品，奇事u稀有rareness n. u

2、（空气等）稀薄，稀有rarely adv.不常（否定含义）not often, seldomI rarely eat in restaurants. I often cook myself.我很少到饭店里吃。我一般都是自己做。ancient adj.古代的，古老的old adj.老的，旧的，先前的an old lady一个老太太an old church一个古老的教堂an old friend老朋友my old job我以前的工作senior si:nj adj.较年长的，资深的junior du:nj adj.年少的, 较年幼的；资历较浅的, 地位较低的senior citizen老人，退休

3、的人the senior partner大股东aged adj.（正式）年老的，体衰的（人）an aged gentleman一位老人（仅物）远古的，古代的an ancient civilization古代文明an ancient history古代历史antique nti:k adj.（仅物）古旧的，珍贵的antique furniture古董家具an antique coin古钱币myth n.神话尤指与某一民族早期历史或信仰有关，或解释自然现象的故事。the Greek myths希腊神话the Roman myths罗马神话legend lednd n.传奇，传说Legend in

4、the Fall 秋天的传说story n.故事 / talenovel小说folk-tale fukteil 民间传说fable n.寓言Aesops i:sp Fables伊索寓言mystery mistri n.神秘的事物，谜，秘密the mysteries of nature神秘感an air of mystery神秘的气氛mythical mkl adj.神话的，神话式的，虚构的mythical heroes神话中的英雄trouble1） n.麻烦have trouble with sb / sth 与有摩擦eg. Yesterday I had some trouble with

5、a traffic policeman.昨天我和一个交警有点摩擦。eg. Jasper White had trouble with cars and their owners. 贾斯伯怀特和一些车以及车主有点摩擦。eg. Thank you for your trouble.谢谢你费神。eg. No trouble at all.哪儿的话，不麻烦。2） n.困难，苦恼，苦恼的原因，麻烦的人eg. Whats the trouble?怎么了？family troubles家庭纠纷political troubles政治纠纷eg. Her heart was full of troubles.她

6、非常苦恼。have trouble in doing sth做某事有困难，有麻烦have some trouble in doing sth做某事有一定的难度have great trouble in doing sth做某事有很大的难度have a little trouble in doing sth做某事有一点困难（原讲课内容为：have little trouble in doing sth 有误，现已改正）have no trouble in doing sth做某事没有困难have difficulty in doing stheg. With my help, you wont

7、have trouble in driving.有我帮忙，你开车不会有困难的。ask for trouble自讨苦吃look for troublebe in trouble有麻烦make trouble惹麻烦The trouble is 糟糕的是，问题在于3） v.使某人苦恼，麻烦，烦劳eg. That student sometimes troubles the teacher with hard questions.那个学生有时会用一些很难的问题麻烦老师。eg. She was troubled by the news of her mothers illness.她对妈妈生病的事感到很

8、苦恼。eg. Sorry to trouble you.不好意思，打扰你了。trouble about为某人担心trouble overeg. Dont trouble about that.别为那件事担心。trouble to do sth特意做某事eg. Dont trouble to see me off at the station.你不用特意去车站送我了。troubled adj.混乱的eg. Fish in troubled water趁火打劫，浑水摸鱼绕口令：Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you. 直到麻烦来惹你之前，不

9、要去惹麻烦。effect ifekt效果，效应，影响have effect on sb / sth对某人/某事产生影响eg. Did the medicine have any effect on patients?这药对病人有效果吗？eg. The teachers words had a great effect on him.老师的话对他产生巨大的影响。2）n.结果cause原因cause and effect因果eg. His stomachache is an effect of overeating.他胃疼是吃多了的结果。stomachache stmk,ek 胃痛;腹痛perso

10、nal effects私人财产，随身携带的物品put sth into effect使某物产生效果bring sth into effectin effect实际上eg. The vice-president is, in effect, the leader of the company.实际上，副总裁是公司的领导。affect fekt v.对影响，发生作用affect sb影响某人affect sth影响某事eg. Their opinion will not affect my decision.他们的观点不会影响我的决定。eg. The No Parking sign didnt a

11、ffect those drivers.禁止停车的标志并没有影响到那些司机。eg. The possible gossip of the others couldnt affect her.别人的流言蜚语不会影响到她。eg. Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。affect v.假装affect sickness假装生病affect indifference假装不关心eg. She affects not to hear me.她假装没听到我。Medusa, GorgonGorgon是希腊神话传说中的蛇发女怪，其中之一的Medusa原本是一位有着一头美丽头发的美少女，深

12、得天神宙斯的兄弟海神的宠爱，但却因此遭到海神正妃的嫉妒，被变成一位有着一头蛇发、猪牙般的牙齿、青铜色的手臂以及可飞行的黄金翅膀的丑陋少女，所有的人只要看她一眼就会吓得立刻变成石头。古希腊人将Medusa的头像绘制在盘子上，以达到趋吉避凶的效果。国际著名的意大利时装设计大师范思哲以他自己的名字命名了他的服装品牌，而他的品牌标志就是Medusa，代表着致命的吸引力。二、Key structures现在完成时1.现在完成时have/has+过去分词，表示过去某时的动作对现在存在影响。仔细阅读下列句子，注意与现在完成时连用的表示时间的词或词组：I have just received a letter

13、 from my brother, Tim.我刚收到我弟弟蒂姆的来信。just刚刚I have not seen Tim since last January.自从去年一月我就没再见过蒂姆。since+某一时间点I have not seen Tim for three years.我已经三年没有见过蒂姆了。for+一段时间Up till now he has won five prizes.到现在为止他已经赢得五项大奖了。up till now到现在为止I have been toNew Yorkthree times so far.迄今为止我已经去过纽约三次了。so farHave you

14、 seen this film?你看过这部电影吗？通常搭配的adv.及短语有：just; already; ever; never; recently; lately; yet; so far; for six months2.现在完成时是一个现在时态，所以它可以和包括“现在时刻”在内的时间状语连用。如：now; today; this week; this month; this yearThe rain has stopped now.雨终于停了。now相当于at lastI have lived here for five years now.到现在为止我住在这儿已经五年了。相当于so

15、farHave you seen John today?今天你见过约翰吗？today相当于到现在为止It has rained every day this week.这星期每天都下雨。3.have been与have gone含义不同。I have been to the library.我去过图书馆。He has gone to the library.他去图书馆了。4.非延续性动词可用于完成时中，但不能加一段时间。但是，在否定句中，非延续性动词可用于现在完成时并加一段时间。因为“否定”本身是可以延续的。I have bought a car.我买了一辆车。I have had the c

16、ar for 3 weeks.我买这辆车已经3周了。I havent bought anything for three months.我已经三个月没有买任何东西了。I havent touched beer for a whole week.我已经一周没沾过啤酒了。5.现在完成时有时带有感情色彩。What have you done !你干了些什么！Now you have done!这下你可闯祸了！定语从句一、在主从复合句中，充当主句某一成分（主语，宾语，表语，状语）的定语的主谓结构叫定语从句。二、定语从句一般是由关系代词（who, that, which, whose, whom）或关系

17、副词（when, where, why）引导的。Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?你认识那个今早来找小杨的人吗？At the time when I saw him, he was well.我看见他的时候，他很好。三、定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。1.限定性定语从句修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或东西，如果拿掉了定语从句，剩下的部分就会失去意义，不能成立或意思不清或不能说明问题。Those who want to go please sign their names here.那些想去的人请在

18、这里签名。The letter that I received from him yesterday is very important.昨天我收到的那封他寄来的信非常重要。The students who went to see the film were very disappointed.那些去看了电影的学生非常失望。2.非限定性定语从句，只对所修饰的词作进一步说明，拿掉之后其他部分仍可成立。She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.她非常喜欢说法语，而且她说得非常好。I have many fri

19、ends, some of whom are painters.我有许多朋友，其中一些是画家。非限定性定语从句通常用逗号隔开。3.限定性定语从句1）如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who或用that，作主语时用who较多，且不可省略，如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语，用宾格whom或that，在口语中可用who代替，但在大多数情况下都可以省略。The people _ you were talking to were Swedes.（who/that/whom/空）宾语He is a man _ you can safely depend on. （who/that/whom/空）宾语Here is

20、the man _ youve been looking for. （who/that/whom/空）宾语2）在表示“的”这个所有关系的时候，可以用它的所有格whose。Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?你们班有家在东北的人吗？3）限定性定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that或which（但在从句中做主语时不可省略）。The parcel that/which came just now was for Tom.刚刚到的包裹是给汤姆的。The train that/which has just le

21、ft is forXian.刚开走的火车是去西安的。当这个代词在从句中做宾语时，大多数情况下可省略，尤其在口语中。Is there anything you need?有你需要的东西吗？Anything I can do for you?我能为你做些什么？）在介词后只能用which。The tool with which he is working is called a wrench./the tool that he is working with is called a wrench.他用来工作的工具叫做扳手。5）当限定性定语从句修饰一个时间的时候，常用关系副词when来引导定语从句，在

22、很多情况下还可以不用或用that来表达。There are moments when I forget all about it.总有一天我会忘了的。Come any time that you like.你喜欢的话随时都可以来。She made me feel at home the moment I arrived.我一到她就让我感觉好像到了自己家一样。6）限定性定语从句在修饰表示地点的名词前，用关系副词where，在从句中充当状语成分。I know a place where we can swim.我知道一个可以游泳的地方。Is there a shop around where we

23、 can get fruit?附近有没有能买水果的商店？7）在reason后的的定语从句可由why来引导，也可常省略。This is the reason （why） I did it.这就是我为什么做这件事的原因。8）在way后也可跟定语从句，不需要关系代词或副词。Thats the way I look at it.那就是我看它的方式。That was the way she looked after us.那就是她照顾我们的方式。Exercise 1:用正确的动词填空1. Up till now we _ （plant） over 24,000 fruit trees. （have pl

24、anted）到目前为出我们己经种了24000棵果树了。2. I _ just _ （receive） an invitation to the party. （have, received）我刚刚收到一份去晚会的邀请。3. So far we _ （discuss） the first five chapters. （have discussed）到现在为止我们已经讨论了前五章。4. I _ （not hear） much of him recently. （havent heard）我最近没听到多少关于他的消息。5. _ you ever _ （see） each other before?

25、 （Have, seen）你们两个以前见过面吗？Exercise 2:在需要的地方填上who，which，whose，that，when，where或why。1. The only games _ I play are football and tennis.（that/which） 2. Thats the way _ I look at it.（that/in which） 3. He is theonlystudent _ understands English well.（that/who） 4. He is a writer _ books are seldom read.（whose） 5. This is the hotelat_ we are staying.（which）6. This is the hour _ the place is full of children.（when）7. Lets think of a situation _ this idiom can be used.（where） 8. Thats t