研究生英语阅读教程第三版基础级翻译答案Lesson16Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism （a condition parallel to racism and sexism）. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly white English-speaking world, have （by design or default） encouraged or at least tolera

2、tedand certainly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏 见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或 无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三 个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3. By and large,

3、 we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说， 我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。 在谈到与之相关的文化及 其为世界所做的

4、贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些 语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus

5、. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优 势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强

6、烈反对种族隔离政权， 而黑人反对力量， 其成员讲多种语 言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the worlds lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽 能避免招来灾难。Lesson 21.The turn of events

7、at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected , but I was still in love. 苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这一点。 我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事 情。2.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a be ginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative pe

8、riods of my life. 因为， 作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替, 没有比这更确定 的事情了。这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。3.it was awful（可怕的 好可怕 糟糕的 ） tasting medicine,but i guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick . Dont lose faith.这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要它。 有时候,人生会用砖头打你 的头。不要失去信心。4.remembe

9、ring that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.you are already naked .there is no reason not to follow your heart. 记住你要死去是我所知道最好的方法来避免思维的陷阱你输得起的东西。 你已经 裸体。没有理由不去追随你的心. 5.your time is limited,so dont waste it living someone elses life.do

10、nt the trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other peoples thinking.dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your inner voice. 你的时间有限,所以不要浪费时间去过别人的生活。不要被信条所惑盲从信 条是活在别人的思考结果。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内心的声音。Lesson31、Right then I learned another lesson .To avoid that kind of depression meant ,i

11、nevitably, having to endure a certain amount of worry and concern .在当时我又得出了一条经验，就在那时我又得出了一条经验，这就是要想避免这种郁闷， 就不可避免要经受某种担忧和担心。2、Any time ,it seems ,that we set out aggressively to get something we want ,we meet up with anxiety .And it is going to be our traveling companion ,at last part of the way ,int

12、o any new venture.看来 任何时候只要我们开始积极努力获取我们想要的东西，我们都会感到焦虑。焦虑将伴随我 们进行新的冒险，至少是部分行程的“驴友”。3、I had benefited ,I discovered ,from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you put an individual in an anxiety-provoking situation often enough ,he will eventually learn that there isnt anything to be worried

13、about .我发现我得益于心理学家称之为“消失”的过程。 如果你把一个人放在一种使人焦虑的环境中，长此以往，他就会形成一种习惯，最终觉得 没有什么值得担忧的了。4、And ever since ,I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places ,without guides or even advanced bookings ,confident that somehow I will manage .自那以后即使是到最不熟悉的地方去，我也不会犹豫。没有导游，甚至没有 预定旅馆我也不怕，因为我很自信，我能安排

14、好这一切。5、But I dont let the butterflies stop me from doing what I want .Accept anxiety as another name for challenge and you can accomplish wanders.只是我不想让担忧来阻止我去做我想做的 事情，接受害怕，把它做为挑战的代名词，这样你才能创造奇迹。Lesson41、However , just as exceeding the speed limit will ,when traffic police are performing properly ,le

15、ad to a speeding ticket ,so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will ,when the interviewer knows what to look for ,lead directly or indirectly to the question “why should we hire you ?”然而，正如当一个警察正确执法时，司机超速就要吃罚单，同样，在面试一份吸引人的、某一行业的职位的时候，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要找什么，就会直接或间接地问这样一个问题：我们为什么要雇用你？

16、”2、For someone wishing to begin a new career ,the prospects are starting to look nasty and brutish ,and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs ,hours ,and rewards for new employees .于那些想要开始新的职业 生涯的人来说，前途开始变的险恶和残酷，而眼前的形势就是工作少，时间短，给新员工 的工资也减少。3、Other students may find their academic work di

17、fficult and demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands .其他学生可能认为学业课程已经很难，要求很高了，因此不想再费脑筋去预见 那些更多的要求了。4、If you are in program with a variety of optional courses ,your knowledge of the job markets demands will help you to make more informed decisions .如果 你的学习项目有各种选修课，

18、那么你要是了解了就业市场的需求，就能帮助你做出更多明 智的抉择。5、You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teachers .你可能会发现只是到老师那里 探听些消息就能非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。Lesson51、The technological advances of the 1990s ushered in what appeared to be a social and economic revolut

19、ion that would rival the Industrial Revolution two centuries earlier ,creating a new society of technologically connected citizens with a world of digitized information ,commerce ,and communication at its fingertips.二十世纪九十年代的技术进步似乎带来了一场其意义堪与两百年以前的工业 革命相媲美的社会与经济方面的革命，它创造了一个崭新的社会，在这个社会里人们由技 术相互连接，信息、商

20、业以及通讯都在弹指一挥间。2、New advances in science and technology seemed to promise eventual solutions to problems ranging from eliminating toxic waste to grocery shopping-genetic engineers developed microbes that would eat Industrial sludge and researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys （MIT） Me

21、dia Lab worked to devise a refrigerator that could sense when it was out of milk and use the Internet to order more .科技的新发展似乎向人们承诺提供最终解决从消除有毒废料到食品采买一系列问题的新希望遗传科技人员培养出了能够吞食工业残渣的微生物，麻省理工学院媒体实 验室的研究人员设计出了能够觉察箱内牛奶告罄并可上网定购的电冰箱。3、The cloning of an animal in 1997 suggested that human cloning had become via

22、ble as well ,raising concerns no longer quite theoretical that humanity might be moving toward a “brave new world” of genetically engineered people .1997年克隆动物的成功表明了克隆人也已不成问题，人们担心人类可能会朝着一个由基因制造的人组成的“大胆的新世界”方向发展，（这已不再是单纯的理论问题了）4、While most Americans agreed that children should not be exposed to such m

23、aterial ,attempts to regulate the content of individual Web pages and newsgroups conflicted with the idea of the Internet as an open , decentralized mass medium, where even the most absurd or repellant ideas could receive a hearing .尽管大多数美国人赞成小孩不应接触这些内容，但企图规范个人网页和新 闻组内容的努力还是同互联网应是公开、非集权的大众媒体的理念发生了冲突

24、。在大众媒体领域里，即使最荒唐、最令人讨厌的东西也应能找到发表之地。5、Still some critics wondered if all of the money spent on space research might not be better used to fund new discoveries here on Earth ,almost as if the diversion of space was no longer as necessary when there were so many new and interesting projects going on rig

25、ht here .但是一些批评人士提出质疑说，把花在太空上的钱用来资助地球上的发现上是不是更好呢？似乎地球上正进行着这么多有趣的新项目，太空研究不再那么必要了。Lesson61. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. Anything can be enjoyable if the elem

26、ents of flow are present, he writes in his book Good Business. Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible. 米哈里 奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。 他发明了“强感受” （flow）这个说法, 信 奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在称心如意的工作一书 中他写道: “只要存在强感受因素, 任何事情都能给我们带来

27、愉悦。根据这一观点, 从事一份 表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感。” 2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.但是 20 世纪 90 年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作 态度产生多大影啊, 这表明工人在工作中是

28、否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unapprecia

29、ted by her boss. I am a misfit in that department, she says. No matter how good your personal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it. 41 岁的马丁娜 蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理, 虽然工作压力大, 但她和同事相处 都很好;6 年前她换了工作, 到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。 如今她时间 多了, 自由度也大了, 但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑, 也得不到老板的赏识。她说: “

30、我 不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意, 如果工作单位氛围不好, 个人生活就会大受影 响。4. In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers. 事实上, 对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然, 不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感 到的快乐。哈特认为, 对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异, 员工的个性 只起 30%的作用