美国保护动物法发展Protection of animal law in the United StatesWord格式文档下载.docx

1、1 era backgroundAs early as in 1641, when the Massachusetts local government was founded, the laws passed contained provisions on animals:For example, ninety-second: no one should be cruel to animals, and the ninety-third one is to move the cattle from one place to anotherOne should give them proper

2、 rest when they are in the ground. However, these two decrees are entirely from the interests of mankind, and their existence is alsoSimilar laws were not made in other states outside massachusetts. The animal protection movement in the United States must wait more than 200 more quietlyBy the middle

3、 of nineteenth Century, the social base for its thriving growth was really mature.In the social environment at that time, several factors contributed to the development of the animal protection movement in the United states.First, walking in front of the British animal protection movement provides a

4、 good example. Second, a lot of theoretical and strategicExperience can be gained from the abolitionist movement. Third, the influence of Darwins theory of evolution. Fourth, some societies brought about by the industrial revolutionEthical apprehension.The animal protection movement in Britain is se

5、veral decades earlier than in the United states. In 1749, the British newspapers and magazines once criticized the fightCruel entertainment such as chickens. In 1789, the philosopher Jeremy, Bentham, Jeremy, Benthams book, morality andIntroduction to legislative principles An Introduction to the Pri

6、nciples of Morals and Legislation first timeApply the theory of rights to animals. He believes that laws should provide protection for non-human animals based on StandardsThe question is not: can they reason? Not really: can they talk? But: will they suffer? BenthamThis article has inspired many peo

7、ple, many abolitionist movements and womens rights campaigners, for the protection of animals as other means of LiberationNatural extension of motion. In 1800 and 1802, they began promoting animal protection legislation in the British Parliament, but all because of the anti - animal legislationThe r

8、ejection of the faction failed. In 1809, Benthams friend Thomas Kaine, Earl of Lord Thomas Erskine Mr biasIn Congress, the bill to promote animal protection ended in failure. It wasnt until 1822 that Richard DeMartin Richard MartinThe successful adoption of the so-called Martin Act stipulates that c

9、attle, horses, sheep and mules should not be subjected to excessive abuse. Although thisThe protection provided by the law is very limited, but it is an important precedent. Once certain animals are formally protected by the law,In the future, more and more animals will be included in the scope of p

10、rotection.Although the Martin act was passed, the success of the legislation does not mean that the law enforcers will seriously pursue the illegal activitiesResponsibility for. To this end, Martin and his friends suggested to set up an organization, to investigate animal abuse incidents and the law

11、suitLawsuit and arouse public awareness of animal protection. In 1824, the worlds first animal protection organization: the prevention of cruelty to animalsAssociation Society, for, the, Prevention, of, Cruelty, to, Animals, or SPCA, was established!The organization quickly attracted the support of

12、many people in the upper and middle classes of society. It was in 1833, 1835, 1849And the four successful revision of the Martin act in 1854, expanding the scope of the bill, adding dogs, cats, chickensAll poultry and livestock, such as pigs, are forbidden to hunt animals, cut pigs ears and so on.Fo

13、r the first more than 10 yearsSPCA, also of hundreds of animal abuse were successfully sued out hundreds of thousands of propaganda, set up animal medicineHospital, Animal Ambulance Service and shelter for stray cats and dogs. In 1840, because of the sponsorship of the queen of England, Vitoria, SPC

14、ARenamed Royal SPCA or RSPCA for short.By 1860, RSPCA had encountered unprecedented difficulties. The problem is a widely debated topic: AnimalsExperiment。 The animal protection community in Britain is divided into two sides. The school believes animal experimentation is necessary, but it shouldA ce

15、rtain amount of supervision was provided to protect the welfare of animals; the other was totally opposed to animal experimentation. Finally, RSPCA leaders pickedTook a more moderate attitude. In 1876, RSPCA successfully persuaded the British Parliament to adopt the cruel treatment of animalsCruelty

16、 to Animals Act. The law does not ban animal experimentation, but tries to supervise and control it.However, the medical community soon succeeded in weakening the law to almost zero. Even RSPCA was deeply disappointed with the final resultLook. The adoption of the law has again provided a precedent

17、for the protection of animal law, but it is also a signal against animal protectorsPowerful energy and debates about the emergence of radicals within the animal protection movement and conservatives.The early animal protection movement in the United States inspired animal protection in the United st

18、ates. With the British example, the northeastern United StatesSeveral states have passed some similar laws. The state of New York in 1828, Massachusetts, passed the law in 1835, against crueltyPoultry or livestock are fined or given a few days imprisonment. These laws are still based on the animal a

19、s human serviceBut it also shows that people are gradually accepting the idea that animals should be treated humanely.Continued,Around 1860, two famous people living in Philadelphia, Caroline White, Caroline, White and MorrisWang En Morris Waln began negotiating with friends in private, setting up R

20、SPCA like organizations in the United states. However, 1861The Civil War （the American Civil War） and the abolition movement led to a postponement of the animal protection group in the United States for several years. But anotherIn Britain, as in Britain, the abolition movement indirectly stimulated

21、 the rise of animal protection movement. If the skin color can not be used asWithout the standards of innate human rights, one naturally wonders why the species is such an insurmountable divide.The abolition movement not only stimulated peoples thinking about where the basic rights came from, but al

22、so for other social movements laterIt provides reference for talent and strategy and tactics. Those who had been active in the abolitionist movement soon joined a large number of animal protectionThe movement to be oppressed, because human animal servitude is not slave? In 1890, Anna Seaver （AnnaSew

23、ell （black） Black Beauty （Note: this book tells the story of a dark horse life, this black horseYou can keep a firm and gentle heart even in adversity, and dare to test it. The publication of this book has changed societyAttitudes towards animals also encourage people to take good care of their hors

24、es. The book is known as the animal protection movement. Many animal conservation pioneers believe that although they were not understood by the public, they were slavesThe liberation of the prisoners will inevitably lead to the liberation of non-human animals.Animal protection movement is adopted a

25、nd the abolitionist movement is very similar to the strategy: first launched a propaganda offensive to animal （slave）The tragic experience won the support of the masses. Use the public support to promote the legislative process. Early animal protection groups sent peopleGo to schools and churches to

26、 give speeches, publish newsletters, and send out mass flyers. When the time is ripe, they beginUse public opinion to exert pressure on political figures in order to achieve the purpose of legislation. Moreover, the leaders of these organizations soon became awareRecognizing that a national coalitio

27、n is essential for national animal protection legislation is essential. But it is similar to the abolition movementOnce the animal protection movement began to take part in politics, it immediately led to differences between the inside radicals and the conservatives. Because of the root depthThere i

28、s also the opposition of traditional thinking, and the improved nature of animal protection legislation often has to be done to rivalsMake a big concession. Although these laws have a very important educational significance, the practical effect they can achieve is often less than that of human bein

29、gsItaly. Adopt moderate improvement or radical revolution? This is a problem that every liberation movement will face. Until nowGod, its still a topic of debate in the animal protection movement.The early animal protection movement, like the abolition movement, suffered not only from ridicule and ri

30、dicule, but also to face itA direct threat of force; paid for the cost of bleeding. People who intervened in cruelty to animals were beaten and abused. Animal advocates follow the example of the abolitionist movement and believe that their beliefs will be understood by most people one day. DarwinThe rise of the concept of origin of species and retu