英美概况教案Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 83第三章 政治制度和政府构成 8 4第四章 补充材料 25第五章 美国社会全景6第六章 历史7第七章 政府机构和社会生活8第八章 补充材料任课教师：施海霞 任课班级：英语051Teaching Objectives: This course is mainly to make known to the students the British politics, culture as well as society at large, and its position in the world as far as its long history is concerned.（It migh

2、t be difficult for the students to understand the British political system, its people and its cultural differences because of religious reasons. Thus, some emphasis should be laid on its religious background.）Time Allocation: 4 periodsFocal Points: The Country of today, Understanding of Different N

3、amesI. General IntroductionGreat Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith （极盛时期）, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earths surface. The

4、 first half of the 20th century saw the UKs strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling （瓦解） of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council （China, Franc

5、e, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States）, a founding member of NATO （North Atlantic Treaty Organization）, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU （E

6、uropean Union）, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspende

7、d due to bickering （argue） over the peace process. GovernmentUnited KingdomOfficial name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Form of government: Constitutional monarchy Legislature: Bicameral legislature with two legislative houses 1. House of Lords 675 members （consisting of

8、approximately 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and 26 clergy）;2. House of Commons （646 seats since 2005 elections; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier） Note: 1） Elections: House of Lords - no elections; House of Commons - last held 5

9、May 2005 （next to be held by May 2010） 2） Election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Labor 35.2%, Conservative 32.3%, Liberal Democrats 22%, other 10.5%; seats by party - Labor 356, Conservative 197, Liberal Democrat 62, other 31 Capital: London, England.National holiday: the UK

10、 does not celebrate one particular national holidayConstitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practiceChief of state: Sovereign （君主）. Present Queen: Elizabeth II （since February 1952）;Head of government: Prime Minister. Present Prime Minister: Anthony （Tony） Blair （since 2 May 1

11、997） （Labor Party）Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister;National Anthem: God Save the King （Queen） God Save the Queen God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen, God save the Queen!Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us, O lord God arise, S

12、catter our enemies, And make them fall!Confound their knavish tricks, Confuse their politics, On you our hopes we fix, Not in this land alone, But be Gods mercies known, From shore to shore!Lord make the nations see, That men should brothers be, And form one family, The wide world over From every la

13、tent foe, From the assasins blow, Oer her thine arm extend, For Britains sake defend, Our mother, prince, and friend, Thy choicest gifts in store, On her be pleased to pour, Long may she reign!May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause, To sing with heart and voice, -What is “Commonwealth”?Comm

14、onwealth of Nations,worldwideassociation of nations and their dependencies, whose members share a common commitment to promoting human rights, democracy, and economic development. All members accept the British monarch as the symbolic head of the Commonwealth. All but one, Mozambique, were once asso

15、ciated in some constitutional way with either the former British Empire or with another member country. The association was formerly known as the British Commonwealth of Nations, but today is referred to simply as the Commonwealth.About1.7billionpeople live in the 54 independent nations and the more

16、 than 20 dependencies that make up the Commonwealth. Only independent nations can be considered full members; they are all fully sovereign and in no way subordinate to Britain. Dependencies of Commonwealth nations are also included in the Commonwealth, although not as full members, and can participa

17、te in many Commonwealth activities. Commonwealth members share many customs and traditions as a result of their association with Britain. Many have parliamentary systems of government on the British model, and their judicial and educational institutions are often similar to those in Britain. English

18、 is an official language of many members of the Commonwealth. Since 1977 the second Monday in March has been celebrated as Commonwealth Day; on that day the British monarch, as the head of the Commonwealth, presents an annual message to all member countries. Almostallmembersof the Commonwealth were

19、once ruled by Britain as part of the British Empire. Some of them, such as Australia and Canada, were largely settled by British people. Others, such as India and Nigeria, were areas where British administrators governed a large non-British population.TheCommonwealthisa flexible and often informal a

20、ssociation. Its main function is to encourage communication and cooperation among its diverse members, with their different needs and concerns. In 1965 the Commonwealth Secretariat was established in London to serve as a clearinghouse for the exchange of information. The Secretariat （秘书处） is headed

21、by the Commonwealth secretary general and is responsible for carrying out programs formulated during the various meetings. The secretary general is elected by the Commonwealth heads of government from among the many Commonwealth diplomats and ministers. The Commonwealth Foundation provides financial

22、 and other support to professional associations and non-government organizations, enabling these groups to travel to other Commonwealth countries to work together. headsofCommonwealth governments meet to discuss common problems every two years at Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings （CHOGM）. In

23、 addition, ministers and experts in education, health, finance, science, law, womens issues, youth affairs, and various technical fields meet frequently to consult and act on important issues.Volume I The Great BritainChapter One Land and PeopleSection 1: The British Isles and Great Britain1. Brief

24、history of British people and languageBritain was part of the European Continent many centuries ago. It was later washed off by seawater and became an island.i. The Stonehenge left by the Iberians is the possible origin of English history. The Iberians were the first invaders who were dark-haired “

25、Mediterranean” race. （3,500 years ago without any written record）ii. The Celts, also called the Britons who were said to have come from eastern and central Europe （France, Belgium and Southern Germany）, were regarded as the natives of Great Britain. The fore fathers of the Celts immigrated into Brit

26、ain in about 7th century B.C.iii. The Romans led by Julius Caesar went across the Channel and invaded Britain in 55 B.C. but in vein. The Romans conquered the Celts in England in the first century A.D. and controlled for about 400 years. The Roman civilization was brought to Britain: language, town,

27、 temples, theatres and fine buildings.iv. Germanic tribes from North Europe: Angles, Saxons, Jutes invaded it 410 A.D. The Angles gave their name to England （Angles land） and the English people.v. Few hundred years later, the Danes from the North East of Europe fought against one of the earliest and

28、 greatest of English kings, Alfred, about 900 A.D. In 1016 the Danish leader was put on the throne and began to rule England. Edward the Confessor, the Danish king was a pious Christian built the famous Westminster Abbey where he was buried. It is well known for its Poets Corner, which is a cemetery

29、 for distinguished English poets. All the coronation ceremonies ever since the Norman Conquest have been held in the Abbey.vi. Finally there came the great Norman invasion. Normans （“North-men”） were originally from Scandinavia. Led by William （“William the Conqueror”, “Duke William of Normandy”）, t

30、he Normans from France conquered England in 1066. Origins of the British People: table of invasionsIn chronological orderInvaders ContributionIberians ?Celts （Gaels, Britons） Scottish and Irish race and culture, Welsh race and cultureRomans Latin alphabet and civilization Germanic tribes（Angles, Sax

31、ons, Jutes） English race and languageDanes some peculiarities of dialect in north and east EnglandNormans （French-Speaking） Final unification of England. Great administrative progress. English civilization permanently linked to France rather than to Scandinavia. Foundation of aristocracy.Language:Indo-European language （by Neolithic people wandering in Asia and Europe） North Europe Germanic language （many tribes） & Ot