1、 那个地区讲的是什么语言? The book,(which was) written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 这本书写于1957年,讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。2过去分词作状语过去分词作状语,可以表示原因、时间、条件、方式和伴随情况。Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 有了著名的侦探的指点,年轻的女士不再害怕了。When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成蒸气
2、。Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 如果多注意一些,这些大白菜还可以长得更好。The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 猎人离开了屋子,后面跟着他的狗。He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进屋内。三、动词不定式1省略“to”的动词不定式to是动词不定式常常带有的小品词,是动词不定式的标志。但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉:(1) 作感官动词see,watch,hear,fee
3、l,notice等的宾语补足语时。We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇晃。(2) 作使役动词make,let,have等的宾语补足语时。She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她。(3) help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to。She helped her mother (to) prepare for Christmas. 她帮助母亲为圣诞节做准备。2疑问词动词不定式疑问词what,which,how,where,when等可以和动词不定式连用,构成不定式短语。“疑问词动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。W
4、hen to start off hasnt been decided yet. (作主语)什么时候出发还没决定。The question is which bus to take. (作表语)问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。四、动词ing形式动词ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)有一般时和完成时两种形式,并且也都有被动语态,在句中可以作主语、宾语、状语和补语等成分。高考英语试题中对动词ing形式考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1动词ing形式作宾语在某些finish, enjoy, appreciate, avoid, suggest, consider, imagine, stand, excuse,
5、delay, escape, risk, miss, admit, permit, allow动词的后面只能接动词ing形式作宾语。My brother is now considering changing his present job. The bird was very lucky because it missed being shot by the hunter.2动词ing形式作宾语时和不定式的区别 在forget, remember, regret等动词后接动词ing形式和不定式作宾语在含义上有区别。Remember to put the book on the desk wh
6、en you leave the room.(记得去做某事)I remember putting the book on the desk, but its gone now.(记得做过某事)3动词ing形式作状语 动词ing形式可以作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语等。“We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, looking out of the window. The secretary stayed up late last night, preparing a report for the manager. 4动词ing形式作宾补动词ing形式
7、作补语时和前面的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。It is generally considered bad manners to sit with your feet pointing to others. You will be fired if you are found smoking in the kitchen. 5动词ing形式的完成时和语态动词ing形式的被动式由“being done”构成,它作定语时表示正在进行或和谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作;动词ing形式的完成时由“havingdone”构成,表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。The stadium being built can
8、hold 50,000 people when completed. Having being shown around the lab, the visitors were taken to the playground. 纵观近年的高考题,考查点是非谓语动词作定语、宾语补足语和状语的区别。一、非谓语动词作定语时的区别 现在分词 (doing) 作定语,表示一个主动的或正在进行的动作;现在分词的被动语态 (being done) 表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作;不定式 (to do) 作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。The meeting (which is) being held now i
9、s very important. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。The meeting (which was) held yesterday is very important. 昨天召开的会议很重要。The meeting which will be held tomorrow is very important. 明天将要召开的会议很重要。二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别 不定式与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系,强调动作将发生或已经完成;现在分词与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系,强调动作正在进行,尚未完成;过去分词与宾语的逻辑关系是动宾关系,表示动作已经完成,多强调状态。I expect them to
10、 win the game. 我期盼他们赢得这场比赛。I heard him call me several times. 我听见他给我打了几次电话了。I found her listening to the radio. 我发现她正在听收音机。三、非谓语动词作状语的区别过去分词表示被动和动作完成;现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行;不定式表示目的。Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last. 在讨论了多次之后,问题终于解决了。Having finished his work, he
11、 went out to play. 完成了工作后,他出去玩了。To catch the first bus, he got up early. 为了赶上早班车,他起得很早。高考真题探究(2010,2014年)33.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues_withstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.be答案:A解析:keep+sb./sth.+done,根据句意,A表示感到娱乐的,B表示令人娱乐的.35._thecitycenter,wesawstonestatueabout10metersi
12、nheight.ApproachingApproachedToapproachapproached考察现在分词作状语,A表示和主句动作同时发生动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,B表被动,因此用现在分词。40.Thatistheonlywaycanimagine_theoverusewaterstudentsbathrooms.reducingreducereducedB此处应该用不定式thedosth表示做的途径、方式。do,weimagine做定语,前面省略了that.30.Hehadwonderfulchildhood,_withhismotherallcornersworldtra
13、veltraveledtraveling主语(he)与动词travel之间存在主动关系,故用traveling作原因状语。21.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone_forhelp?callingcallcalled该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补,根据someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to,由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救,故选A项。26.Dina,monthsfindjobaswaitress,finallytookpositionatlocaladvertisingagency.strugglingstruggledhav
14、ingstruggleC考查分词短语作时间状语,其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系,故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语tookposition之前,故用现在分词的完成主动式。Sofarnobodyclaimedmoney_inlibrary.discovereddiscoveringD.having该空在句中作后置定语修饰themoney,根据themoney与discover的被动关系,排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思,根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。24、Theladywalkedarou
15、ndshops,_aneyeoutforbargains.keepkeptkeepingD句子主语lady和keep之间是主谓关系,此处表示伴随动作。32Thereweremanytalentedactorstherejustwaiting_.discoverbeingwait+todo,演员等待被发现,用被动.23.Ihavelotreadings_pletingcompletecompletedcompleted16._fromtoptower,southfootmountainseatrees.SeenSeeingHavingseenseeA.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状
16、语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系,且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成,用过去分词,选A。19.Hisfirstbook_nextmonthbasedontruestory.publishedpublishB.此处是非谓语动词做后置定语,由时间状语nextmonth可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作,用动词不定式,其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系,故用不定式的被动式,选B。11.Though_tous,professorgaveuswarmwelcome.surprisingsurprised【答案】C【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为:
17、Thoughhewassurprised,主语一致,省略主语和系动词。25.Weastonishedtemplestillitsoriginalcondition.AfindingBtoCfindDtofound句意:我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。考查非谓语动词。后应该跟动词不定式做状语,表原因。+adj.do结构。35.Alexandertriedgetwork_inmedicalcircles.recognizerecognizingrecognized亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。_atm
18、yclassmatesfaces,readsameexcitementtheireyes.LookingLooklookLookedlook与句子主语I为主动关系,因此用looking,Tolook表目的。25.Imenquireposition_inyesterdaysChinaDaily.advertised我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。advertised作定语,和position是动宾关系,此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句whichadvertised,选项B表示将来的动作。Thenewsshockedpublic,_toconcernstudentssafetysch
19、ool.ledleadinglead答案C句意为:这个消息使公众震惊,也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。news和lead之间是主谓关系,并作shocked的伴随状语,所以用leading。34.Manybuildingsneedrepairing,butone_firstrepairedrepairing答案Done指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系,由前半句房屋需要修缮,可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后,所以用torepaired表示将来的动作.20.trafficrulesaysyoungchildrenunderagefour_lessthan40poundsmustchildseat.weighedweighweighing所选答案应该是作定语,用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系,所以选择weighing。交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。32Whileopportunity,Henrydidbestperformduty.promotepromotedpromoting【答案】B
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