Analysis of changes in the level of urban and rural development trends and an overview of factors afWord格式.docx

1、 Abstract: The meaning of the definition of urban and rural development to start combing the theorists and scholars of urban and rural development content of the different interpretation of the level of urban and rural development on the measure, described the performance gap between urban and rural

2、 areas and causes, and from a different perspective the impact of urban and rural development, and finally the status quo under which the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Keywords: urban and rural development, the nature of meaning, urban-rural gap First, the meaning of the definition

3、of urban and rural development Early studies did not use the concept of urban and rural development, mainly in the thought of the people, the physiocrats, rural commodity economy three aspects of meaning in the existing research literature, the content analysis for urban and rural hard to reach cons

4、ensus, many studies for urban and rural areas and into urban and rural, urban-rural integration, rural urbanization and urban development issues, social scholars, economists, academics and urban planners ecology from different point of view of urban and rural issues are discussed. Urban and rural co

5、ordinated development of urban and rural development in dealing with issues, to the overall situation, scientific planning and coordinated development, and promote common prosperity and progress of urban and rural （paragraph LJ, 2004. Its meaning can be summarized into four levels, namely, through t

6、he open rural, urban and rural collaboration, coordinated urban and rural, urban-rural integration （Xu Guang, 2004. From the content point of view of co-ordination from different angles have different content delineation. The coordinated development of both urban and rural co-ordination system level

7、 （labor employment system, household registration management system, financial allocation and transfer payment system, the social security system and education system , also includes elements of co-ordination level （land, capital and labor factors, including overall level of urban-rural relations （t

8、hree important relationships and two derivative relations: industrial relations and location relations, relations between residents, the relationship between industry and farmers, agriculture and public relations （ginger too Bi, 2005. can also be divided into: urban-rural relations co-ordinator （the

9、 policy level by the heavy and light agricultural industrialization development strategy to rural development, tilt, urban and rural economic co-ordination （of economic development resources, elements of the effective allocation and urban and rural social Co-ordination （system innovation, social pro

10、gress, civil and political rights, building a socialist harmonious society, etc.） （Zhao, 2005 from the perspective of sustainable development, including co-ordination aspects of urban and rural development （Li Yueyun, 2004, from resource configuration point of view, including the integration of econ

11、omic resources, political and social resources （Juzheng Jiang et al, 2003, from the perspective of implementation of the strategy, the main contents of urban and rural urban and rural development planning, urban and rural industrial development, urban and rural areas and urban-rural structural adjus

12、tment funding （D a, 2006, from the perspective of urban and rural sub-rule, the object of urban and rural development （targeted urban-rural relations, including urban and rural space, rural industry and social progress, consisting of three levels of organic whole, the core of urban and rural social

13、progress from economic structure point of view, to supporting major reform in urban and rural areas to promote urban and rural economic structure readjustment （Guyi Kang, 2003. Urban and rural development is a new concept of development, urban-rural interaction, is its core. The essence of urban and

14、 rural development to industrialization, urbanization, modernization of agriculture and rural areas of organic integrate the promotion of traditional dual structure change, and enhance town of leading role in rural areas and rural areas of the citys role in promoting the goal of urban-rural integrat

15、ion, to solve rural issues （Zhu Ruibo, 2004. urban and rural development is the mainstay of the government, all levels of government to urban and rural social and economic development as a whole to unite planning to maintain and promote urban and rural economic and social development （Kong Xiangmin,

16、 Feng Lei, 2005. urban and rural economic and social development, the most fundamental thing is to adjust the national economic development and the distribution pattern, the development of equal opportunities to farmers and national treatment （Zhu RBOT, Ni Zhi Gang, 2004. From the above definition o

17、f the relevant content can be seen, the nature of urban and rural development is to transform the dual structure, the current focus on addressing rural issues, but the existing literature on the causes of a double dual structure analysis is not deep enough, the lack of economic development from the

18、macro The phase angle analysis. Second, on the level of urban and rural development （urban and rural areas to measure the degree of In general, scholars generally use the urban-rural income ratio （RI, urban and rural living standards than the （RLS and rural and urban residents consumption level than

19、 the （RCL to reflect the urban and rural development （URHD）, for example, Cheng Chin-Yu （2009, Zhao Caiyun （2008-based The UNDP human development index to construct a measure urban-rural relations a comprehensive index, with a view to a more comprehensive reflection of Chinese urban-rural relations

20、status and trends, respectively, from urban and rural areas of the human development index, income, consumption, education, health, life expectancy to analyze and quantify the urban-rural relations, but the index does not take into account equality and index weights the same lack of objective eviden

21、ce, so Qiu wind, Wang Lifang （2009 according to Chinas national conditions in the Gini coefficient based on the design of an equality index, made of human harmony development index concept, and carried out a comparative analysis of urban and rural areas. Evaluation of the level of urban and rural de

22、velopment can be divided into the following two methods: 1 ratio of urban and rural areas. In general, measure the gap between the two study can be used both to measure the relative difference, for example, the coefficient of variation, weighted coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, Sylhet coe

23、fficient, ratio, etc., can also be used to measure the absolute difference, For example, standard deviation, poor, difference, etc., but the most common is the use of the difference and ratio to measure the gap between the two study. Looking at the existing evaluation system for urban and rural deve

24、lopment literature, most studies used to measure the ratio of urban and rural areas the gap between urban and rural areas, for example, Wu Yongsheng et al （2007, Fu Haiying, et al （2006, Gao Shan, et al （2006, Ting Wang （2008） , Yang （2008, Taolang Ping （2008, etc. Ui = Ri / Ci （1 I = Ri / Ci * Pi （

25、2） （1 and （2 type, i is the i-th index, Ui said urban and rural areas between the i-th index value of the ratio, Ri said that rural indicators of value, Ci said city index value, P i represents the index weights , I said the degree of urban and rural areas. Degree of urban and rural level, comprehen

26、sive reflection of the extent of urban-rural relations, namely, urban and rural elements of the transfer factor and the degree of coordination. In general, the evaluation results should be close to 1, the greater the degree of deviation from 1, indicating the lack of coordination of urban and rural

27、development The higher the degree, when I is equal to 1, the urban and rural areas to achieve the integration. However, some indicators are reverse indicators, which value is greater than the citys rural values, such as to reflect the consumption structure of urban and rural Engel index in the prese

28、nt case against the targets, if the use of （2-type to calculate the degree of urban and rural areas, will result in results there is a big error. existing literature that is often overlooked, leading to inaccurate evaluation results based on this, Zhang Hong, et al （2009 proposed a modified degree o

29、f urban and rural areas: I = （1 - | Ci-Ri/Ci | * Pi （3 actual value and target value compared existing literature, there is another idea of ?the degree of evaluation of urban and rural, urban and rural indicators about the actual values ?and goals values ?are compared, in order to reflect the curren

30、t degree of integration of urban and rural areas （for example, Chen Hongbin, 2007, Xu Yuming, 2004, Deng Ling, Bin-Bin Wang, 2008. Used to measure the difference between urban and rural areas, and its mathematical expression is: Ui = Fi / Gi （4） I = Fi / Gi * Pi （5 （4） and （5 where, Gi represents th

31、e index target, Fi that the actual value of the index, Pi represents the index weights. Chen Hongbin （2007） for developed countries and some developing countries in the 1990s of a These indicators as the reference to compliance in 2020, the analysis and forecasts to determine the urban and rural dev

32、elopment evaluation system in the target. Xu Yuming （2004 in the reference, based on four sources of information, through a subjective analysis, expert analysis, data analysis, has been the evaluation index system and standards of the four sources of information for the comprehensive well-off evaluation system and standards, evaluation of social development indicators and standards, Chongqing City and belongs to the county （di