专题6非谓语动词概要Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、done被动式to be donebeing done无主动完成式to have having done被动完been donehaving been 否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not 考点一不定式和动名词作主语 规则1：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作， 而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为。如： Smoking is forbidden in public places.（习惯性的） It is impossible to go swimming this afternoon.（具体的） 规则2：不定式及动名词短语作主语时可转换成it作形式主语。It was no

2、 use sending him to a hospital. Its very hard to learn an art.规则3: 动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。Jacks sudden disappearing made them worried.（不可用Jack）规则4：带逻辑主语的动名词结构作主语时，可以和主语从句之间相互转换。His being elected our team leader made us all very excited.That he was elected our team leader made us all very excit

3、ed.他被选为我们的队长，使我们都很兴奋。规则5：adj.for sb. to do sth.与adj.of sb. to do sth.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等；若形容词是描述人物性格、特性等的形容词brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, conside

4、rate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel，selfish, wicked, wrong等时，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. It is kind of you to lend me so much money.考点二不定式和动名词作宾语动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可以是物主代词或名词的所有格，也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普通格。 She doesnt like Mary/Marys talking that

5、way.作宾语的动名词和不定式，它们的完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.规则3：接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语巧记如下：想要干：want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, claim, would like/love, desire, swear早打算：plan, prepare, mean, arrange同意否：agree, promise, undertake, offer, ch

6、oose, refuse问问看：ask, beg决定了：decide, determine, make up ones mind, be determined尽力干：try, manage（反义词fail）, struggle, strive努力做：make an effort别装蒜：pretend接动名词作宾语的动词及短语巧记如下：考虑建议盼原谅：consider，suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon承认推迟没的想：admit, delay/put off, fancy避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on

7、, practise否认完成停止赏：deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate不禁介意准逃亡：cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape不准冒险凭想象：forbid, risk, imagine接动名词和动词不定式作宾语意义有别的动词：（1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing 忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）（2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事（3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doi

8、ng记得做过某事（已做）（4）regret to do对要做的事遗憾（后常跟动词say, tell, inform等）regret doing对做过的事后悔（5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法（6）mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着（7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）（8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）规则6：动词advise/allow/permit/forbid后要跟doing作宾语，跟to do

9、作宾补。 We dont allow people to smoke here. The teacher advised taking a different approach. 规则7：need, require, want, deserve作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语，表示某事需要被做。be worth后须用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。 The road is covered with some fallen trees and they need removing/to be removed immediately.规则8：固定句型（1）There

10、is no good/point/sense/harmdoing sth. 做某事没用（不好/没意义/没有害处）（2）have difficulty/trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time/fun（in）doing（3）spend/waste/lose time （in） doing sth.（4）come/become/grow/realize/understand/know等表示心理活动的过程，意为“渐渐地意识到/懂了/知道了”。 （5）cannot help but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice

11、/alternative to do 表示“不得不”。（6）“Why not动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，意为：“为什么不？”（7）“would rather/had better （not）动词原形”意为“宁愿/最好（不）做某事”。（8）there be的非谓语形式作动词expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate宾语时，通常用there to be结构，在mind, object to等后面用there being。We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind.I dont mind there

12、 being a chair here.作状语多用there being结构。There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.（9）为避免重复，在hope, expect, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, need, mean, forget, refuse 等动词后面再次出现相同的不定式作宾语时，常出现单独使用的to，而把曾出现过的动词省略掉。但是，如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时，要保留这些词。John didnt pass his driving

13、test, but I expected him to.考点三不定式、动名词和分词作表语不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. His hobby is collecting stamps.规则2：表心理状态的interesting, exciting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等现在分词式形容词作表语时，强调外在的

14、表象，意为“令人的”；interested, excited, disappointed, encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased 等，强调主观的感受，意为“感到的”。get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词后都可跟done，表示被动或主语的状态。remain seated/hidden get paid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/burnt等。考点四不定式、动名词和分词作定语不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别：to do/to

15、 be done作定语一般表示未来动作；done表示已经完成的或表被动完成的动作；being done 表示被动的、进行的动作；doing表示正在进行的动作或者经常性动作或现在（或当时）的状态；现在分词的完成式一般不作定语。（1）The Computer Centre built last year. The Computer Centre being built now.（2）The professor working in our school now（现在在我校工作的）温馨提示 （1）动名词作定语常表示用途或材料；（2）现在分词的完成式通常只能作状语。使用to do/to be done

16、作定语的情况（1）下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?（2）不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.（3）不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。I have a lot of work to do.温馨提示

17、（1）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面应有必要的介词。He is looking for a room to live in. （2）如果不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面，不定式则用主动形式；若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的被动形式。注意这两句话的区别：Do you have anything to wash today? （to wash的逻辑主语为句子的主语you）Do you have anything to be washed？（to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做）一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经的”。a f

18、allen leaf落叶（已经落在地上）a falling leaf飘零的落叶（尚在空中）a developed country发达国家a developing country发展中国家a risen sun升起的太阳a rising sun冉冉升起的太阳不宜用现在分词短语作定语的情况：（1）The man who came this morning is our legal adviser.（）The man coming this morning is our legal adviser.（）分析：不能用doing表达过去动作。（2）Is there anyone who can answ

19、er this question？（）Is there anyone answering this question？（用answering表达can answer的意思是错的。（3）Those who have finished their work can go home now.（）Those having finished their work can go home now.（现在分词的完成式不能作后置定语。drink, learn, sink, light都有两种形式的过去分词，但作定语时，只能用拼写较长的过去分词。a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司机；a learned

20、 lawyer 博学的律师；a sunken ship 沉船；a lighted candle 点着的蜡烛。考点五不定式和分词作状语不定式和分词作状语，有一般式和完成式，也有主动和被动。完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生。当前后主语一致时，可以按照下列形式选择使用：（1）to do表示目的或结果（to doin order to do/so as to do, 其中so as to do不能放在句首）; only to do表示意想不到的结果；thus doing表示自然而然的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.（意想

21、不到的结果）A terrible storm hit the area, thus causing great damage to the crops.（自然而然的结果） （2）doing sth.表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作（主动关系）；beingadj./n.常表示原因；being done强调与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作（“因为正在被”）。Hearing the news, they got excited.Being blind, how could they see an elephant?Being repaired, the car cannot be used today. （

22、3）done表示已经发生的被动动作；having done表示先于谓语动词发生的动作（主动关系）；having been done表示先于谓语动词发生的动作（被动关系）。Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.Given（Having been given） a wrong number, I couldnt contact him over the phone.规则2: tooto do表示肯定的情况（1）当only too和 all too与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。Im only too p

23、leased to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。（2）too ready/anxious/eager/glad/willing（表示心情或情绪）to do，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义，这时too相当于very。（3）never（not）tooto意为“不会太所以能”之意。One is never too old to learn.谚 活到老，学到老。（4）cannottoo/enough意为“再也不过分”之意。You can never be careful enough while driving.驾车时越小心越好。devote, absorb, lose, seat, dress

24、, hide等动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语时，可以用它们的ed形式（devoted, absorbed, lost, seated, dressed, hidden）或ingoneself形式（devoting/absorbing/losing/seating/dressing/hiding oneself）。Have you noticed the student lost/losing himself in thought?有些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来，成为固定短语，当作插入语使用。此时，句子的主语与它们不存在逻辑上的一致关系。（1）to tell you the truth实话说， n

25、eedless to say不用说， to be honest/frank老实说，坦白说， to be more exact更确切地说， to make things worse更糟的是，say that假设，not to mention更不用说 （2）generally/frankly/roughly speaking一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说，considering鉴于/考虑到，judging by/from从来看，依据来判断，supposing/suppose that假定，providing that假定，according to依据，including包括，owing to由于，ta

26、lking/speaking of谈及（3）given考虑到， provided that如果独立主格结构的特点（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。（2）n./pron.与后面的doing/done/to do/adj./adv./prep.短语是主谓关系。（3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。体会：It being Sunday, we neednt go to school.Because it is Sunday, we needn连词分词（短语）有时，为了使非谓语动词短语与主句的逻辑关系更清楚，可在非谓语动词前加连词。连词有when, while, if,unl

27、ess, though, after, before等。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须一致。While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.考点六不定式和分词作宾语补足语hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demand不能跟sb. to do sth.，即不能带补语。）hope sb. to do sth. 应改为wish/expect sb. to do sth.）welcome sb. to do sth.应改为sb. be welcometo do sth.）agree s

28、b. to do sth. 应改为 allow/permit sb. to do sth.）suggest sb. to do sth. 应改为 advise sb. to do sth./suggest sb. （should） do sth.）demand sb. to do sth. 应改为 require sb. to do sth./demand sb. （should） do sth.感官动词带宾补的结构。 结构公式 （以see为例）： see 宾语do/doing/done（主动） 主语be seen to do/doing/done 结构意义：do、to do sth.表示动作

29、的全过程或经常性动作；doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作；done表示完成的、被动的动作（如果是不及物动词则只表示完成的动作）。She was seen to enter/entering the room.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.此类动词及短语有： see, notice, watch, observe, catch （sight of）, listen to, hear, feel, find 等。get/send 带宾补的结构。（1）get/send宾语doing表示“使起来”，由静止到运动并持续下去。（2）get宾语to do let/have sb. do 表示“让某人做某事”。