英语专业四级50组近义词辨析下载版Word文件下载.docx

1、time（s）: It refers to a period in history. in ancient times/ in Victoria time （新时代）epoch: It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of a particular kind. The first flight into space marked a new epoch in the history of mankind. （纪元） era: It refers to a very long period of ti

2、me marked by a particular feature in a great new era of world revolution （时期） age: It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history. the Bronze Age, Iron Age 3.战斗 （打仗） fight: It is a bodily struggle （奋斗 斗争） struggle: An effort of any kind to overcome difficulty. （战斗）battle: A fight between

3、 armed forces. （战役） campaign: A series of related military operations in a war. （战争） war: A period of fight between countries or states when weapons are used and many people are killed.（对抗） combat: A fight, conflict, controversy.4.牧师 （教士 牧师） #priest: A person, esp. a man specially trained for variou

4、s religious duties and ceremonies, in the Christian church, esp. in the Roman Catholic church （牧师） minister: A member of clergy, esp. Protestant churches. （牧师） clergy（pl）: The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of a particular church or temple. clergyman: clergymen（pl） a member

5、of clergy. （牧师） pastor: A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members, esp. in a Protestant church. （教区牧师） vicar: A priest in charge of an area（parish） in the church of England.father: A little of respect for a priest, esp. in the Roman Catholic. 5.服装 clothing（collect）: （fml） Ge

6、neral term of clothes. clothes（no single）: Coverings of the body such as coats, dresses, suits, shoes, hats. garment（fl）: A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing. costume: 1） The fashion of dress peculiar to a people, nation, class, period, etc. 2） A dress worn by actors in a

7、play. uniform: worn by all members of the community. dress: 1） A kind of outer garment worn by women （连衣裙）. 2） worn on special occasions （礼服） evening dress/ morning dress suit: A set of outer clothes to be worn together. evening suit/swimming suit coat: A garment with sleeves worn on top of other cl

8、othes from rain, heat, etc. overcoat: A warn coat worn in the street. 6.哭 cry: The most general one. （哭泣） weep: To let flow tears. （抽泣 抽嗒） sob: To weep or sigh with short quick breaths. （哭天抹泪 涕泪交流） snivel: To sniffle and cry in a irritating manner. （哭嚎 又哭又闹） blubber: To cry loudly noisily. （发出低声报怨声）

9、 whine: To make a low complaining cry. （嚎哭） bawl: To utter loud cries （always in bad sense）. （痛哭） wail: To cry aloud from pain or sorrow. （呻吟） moan: To make a low, miserable sound in pain or sorrow. （呻吟） grown: To make a low sound of pain, unhappiness or disapproval （哀悼） mourn: To feel or show sadne

10、ss or sorrow for someone who has died. （哀悼） lament: To express great sorrow or regret. 7.美丽 漂亮 good-looking: Having an attractive appearance in a strong, healthy way used for men and women not things. beautiful: （ a woman or a thing） Suggesting symmetry of features or perfection of proportion, elega

11、nce and mobility. beautiful flowers, a beautiful girl/voice/city/face beautiful weather. handsome: Of attractive appearance applies to men. a handsome fellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man. pretty: （a girl, or a small thing） Suggesting liveliness and sweetness, pleasing or nice to look at. a pretty

12、 little woman/garden, a pretty girl/ picture/piece of music, lovely: （something） So beautiful that it makes you feel good to look at it or even to think about it. The garden looks lovely. fair: Beautiful（ of woman in poet） light in color esp., skin hair. gorgeous: （persons or things） （inf） Extremely

13、 beautiful or handsome. 8.拉 拖 pull:draw: It implies a smoother, steadier motion and generally a lighter force than pull. drag: It usually refers to horizontal motion or motion up an incline （slope） and it suggests laborious efforts over rough ground or against friction, resistance or gravity. The es

14、caped prisoner was dragged out of his hiding place. haul: It implies continuous pulling or dragging of heavy or bulky objects. The fisherman is hauling a net. tug: It applies to hard often sudden violent effort to pull. He tugged at my sleeve to ask directions. jerk: To pull suddenly. He jerked out

15、the knife that was stuck in the wound. tow: To pull by a rope or chain. We towed the car to the nearest garage. wrench: To pull hard with a twisting or turning movement. 9.旋转 turn: （自转） spin: To turn quickly around a central point. It emphasizes the continuity of the action, and usually the narrow e

16、xtent of the circular motion. The wheel is spinning on its axis. （急转） whirl: To round very fast. It implies the lock of conscious control. （转动） rotate: To turn round a fixed point with a circular movement. The earth rotates once every 24 hours. （绕转） revolve: To turn or move in a circle around a cent

17、ral point. It indicates circular or elliptical （椭圆） movement. The planets revolve around the sun. 10.生气 气愤 anger:（易怒） be cross: Feeling easy to get angry. （愤慨） indignation: （fml） Anger. It stresses righteous anger at what one considers unfair, mean or shameful. We expressed our indignation at the ru

18、thless exploitation.（愤怒） wrath: Very treat anger. （literary） It suggests a desire on intent to revenge or punish. （狂怒） rage: Wild, violent anger. It suggests loss of self- control from violence of emotion. in a rage /to fall into a rage. （暴怒） fury: Violent, extreme and destructive anger. She flew in

19、to a fury.11.错误 （误会） mistake: A wrong thought, act. It implies carelessness. Anyone can make a mistake. （过错 弱点） fault: A bad point, but not of a serious moral kind. It refers to behavior and character. His only fault is that he lacks ambition. find fault with sb / at fault shortcoming: weakness, fai

20、ling ; It refers to failures or deficiencies in things as well as people. In spite of all her shortcomings I still think shes one of the best teachers in the school. （疏忽） error: A mistake （formal sometimes literary） It implies deviation from a standard or model The accident was caused by human error

21、. （缺点 毛病） defect: sth lacking or imperfect. It refers to quality. The radio was returned because of a defect. （失误 过失） blunder: A very stupid or unnecessary mistake. It implies ignorance. This is the fatal blunder of his life. 12.图画 picture:（彩图） painting: pictures with color. （绘画 图画） drawing: A pictu

22、re made with a pen, pencil and crayon. Sketch, diagrams and graphs are all drawings. （草图） sketch: A rough not detailed drawing. （图解 图表） diagram: A drawing, figure that shows the arrangement of something. （曲线图） graph: A diagram in which a straight line, curved, or zigzag line shows how two sets of nu

23、mbers or measurements are related. （插图） illustration: A picture to go with words of a book. （图样 草图） draft: The first rough written form of anything. （平面图） plan: A line drawing of a building as it might been seen from above. （主视图） elevation: A flat upright side of a building. （海图） chart: A map esp. a

24、 detailed map of a sea area. 13.特别 （专门的,与众不同的） special: Different in some way from what is common, ordinary, or usual. It stresses having a quality, character, identity, or use of its own. The tube contains special gases. （特别的） especial: （fml） To an usually great degree, exceptional; It emphasizes t

25、he importance of the things or the persons mentioned; This is a matter of especial importance. （个别的） particular: Relating or belonging to only one thing or person. It stresses the distinctness of something as an individual which is worth notice. In that particular case, the rule doesnt hold.（适用） （特种

26、的） specific: Detailed and exact, clear in meaning and explanation, fixed, determined.（used in scientific articles） It implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species. He gave me a very specific instruction. There is a specific tool for each job. （独特的） peculiar: Strange or perhaps u

27、npleasant. It implies strangeness. He has a peculiar way of speaking.14.取消 消灭 （取消 解除） cancel: To give up, to declare something is to be effective. He has cancelled his leave of absence.（消假） （废除 废止） abolish: To do away with. It refers to practices, social institutions. Bad customs should be abolished

28、. （消灭 排除） eliminate: To get rid of. We should eliminate the false and retain the true. （撤消 废除） repeal: To bring to an end of the effect of a law or an order. Some laws should be repealed. （根除 消灭） exterminate: To destroy completely and wholly. Colonialism must be exterminated.15.破碎 break:（压碎 压破） crus

29、h: To press together violently as to break, to destroy its shape by squeezing it. It suggests the effect of great external pressure. The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it. （打碎） smash: To break thoroughly to pieces with a crushing sound. She dropped the plate and smashed it. （打裂） crack: To break without separation of parts. It suggests the breaking out across a surface. He cracked the window by leaning against it. （破裂） burst: To break open by pressure from wi