句子结构常见错误Word文件下载.docx

1、请看下列句子： Fragment Wondering what his son was going to do Revised SentenceMrSmith had been wondering what his son was going to do FragmentSome errors in writing are seriousFor example， fragments and runon sentences Revised SentencesSome errors in writing are serious，for example， fragments and runon se

2、ntences OR Some errors in writing are serious，among which are fragments and run-on sentences 虽然句子的残缺以各种形式出现，但最常见的形式是被分隔开的从句 和以各种形式拆开的短语，如句号错误（period fault）。 Fragments Having driven across the desertWe enjoyed the cool weather He enjoys flowers and shrubsWhich help screen his yard fromthe street Revi

3、sed Sentences Having driven across the desert， we enjoyed the cool weather He enjoys flowers and shrubs，which help screen his yard from the street 0R He enjoys flowers and shrubsThey help screen his yard from the street 在写作中要经常检查句子的残缺问题，特别要注意那些以从属 连词或短语等开头的句子，这些词都是“危险词”。要确定以这 些词开始的每个从句，都应附属于一个独立的句子。

4、避免残缺句的最好办法是注意区别句子和句子的一部分。我们 知道句子的最基本特点是在语法和逻辑上是一个完整的意义表 达单位。它至少具有一个主语和谓语。动词的非限定形式不能 在句中作为谓语单独使用，除非是在如Where to go tonight?简 短的问句中。因此在写句子时要特别注意。 改写残缺句主要有以下两种方法：1将句中用的句号变成逗号，或把分隔开的短语或从句同它所属的句子合并成一个能表达完整意思的句子。例如： Fragments Since there is a lack of interestThere is a great lack of informationYou should m

5、ake a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments Because they are considered serious mistakes in writingI look forward to holidaysFor example, Thanksgiving and Christmas Revised SentencesSince there is a lack of interest，there is a great lack of information. You should make a determined effort to

6、 avoid sentence fragments because they are considered serious mistakes in writingI look forward to holidays，for example，Thanksgiving and Christmas 2）把残缺句扩展到主句中，或通过添加或减少某些成分。把残缺改写为独立、完整的句子。 FragmentsI am interested only in the properties of citrus fruitSuch as lemons，oranges，and grapefruitHaving no m

7、oney and being lonely in the big city.It was difficult to decide. which choice to makeTo return to school or to accept the job Revised SentencesI am interested only in the properties of citrus fruit. Examples are lemons，oranges，and grapefruitHaving no money and being lonely in the big city，the women

8、 committed suicide It was difficult to decide whether to return to school or to accept the job Directions：Try to revise the following fragments in one or more than one way 1Because some students have part-time jobs in addition to going to school 2The table was covered with fresh vegetablesSuch as le

9、ttuce， carrots，spinach，and squash 3Joe tries to call home once a weekTo be in touch with his family 4. He made a point of entering each misspelled word in a notebook. Whichhe kept for that purpose. 5. It was a wonderful week. Fishing and swimming every day and dancingevery night. Revised sentences 1

10、Because some students have part-time jobs in addition to full-timeclass work，they have very little free time 2The table was covered with fresh vegetables such as lettuce，carrots， spinach and squash 3Joe tries to call home once a week to keep in touch with his family 4He made a point of entering each

11、 misspelled word in a notebook， which he kept for that purpose 5It was a wonderful weekWe went fishing and swimming everyday and dancing every night OR：It was a wonderful weekWe fished and swam every day and danced every night 2接排句（Run-on Sentence） 所谓接排句就是两个或更多的句子混合交织在一起，而没有正确 的标点符号标明它们之间关系的句子。这样的句子

12、，意思含混不 清，使读者不能理解各部分之间的关系。接排句有两种形式:一是 融合句（fused sentence），即在句子之间没有标点符号和句间连接词； 另一种更为常见的形式是逗号连接（comma splice），即没有并列连 词，只用逗号代替分号和句号，把两个完整的意思连接起来.请看 例句: Fused Sentences1. The girls scored higher in math the boys scored higher in verbal skills 2. Gestures are a means of communication for everyone they are

13、essential for the hearing-impaired Comma Splices1. Education is an elusive word, it often means different thingsto different people 2. Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park，the park consists of two million acres of backcountry 改正接排句的基本方法可根据句子之间的不同关系分为以下5种 1.用句号分隔。当长句或

14、两个句子之间的关系不是很密切或毫无 关系时，可使用这种方法。 Revised Sentences The girls scored higher in mathThe boys scored higher in verbal skills Gestures are a means of communication for everyoneThey are essential for the hearing-impaired Education is an elusive wordIt often means different things to different people Hikers

15、 would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National ParkThe park consists of two million acres of backcountry 2 用分号隔开。用分号连接两个独立的分句时，它们之间的关系在意义和语法结构上比起使用句号时，关系较紧密。 Revised Sentences The girls scored higher in math；the boys scored higher in verbal skills Gestures are a means of communication fo

16、r everyone；they are essential for the hearingimpairedEducation is an elusive word；it often means different things to different people Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park；the park consists of two million acres of backcountry 3使用并列连词连接。当接排的句子之间关系紧密，容易辨别且 合乎逻辑时，可以借助并列连

17、词来连接，通常在这些连词前要 加上逗号。 Revised SentencesThe girls scored higher in math，andbut the boys scored higher in verbal skillsGestures are a means of communication for everyone， but they are essential for the hearingimpairedEducation is an elusive word，for it often means different things to different peopleYe

18、llowstone National Park consists of two million acres of backcountry，and hikers would especially enjoy a vacation there 4使用连接副词连接。根据作者的意图和句子的需要。接排的句 子可以使用连接副词来连接。这时，句子之间要用分号。在连 接副词的后面还要加逗号，但是一般在单音节的连词后不加逗 号。如so，yet。thus等. Revised SentencesThe girls scored higher in math；however，the boys scored highe

19、r in verbal skillsGestures are a means of communication for everyone; neverthe1ess， they are essential for the hearing-impairedEducation is an elusive word; indeed, it often means different things to different peopleYellowstone National Park consists of two million acres of backcountry; therefore, h

20、ikers would especially enjoy a vacation there 5.使用从属连词、关系副词或关系代词连接. 当可以判断出一个 句子从逻辑上或意义上从属于另一个句子时, 可以将此接排句 改写成复合句。Revised Sentences The girls scored higher in math，while the boys scored higher in verbal skills Although gestures are a means of communication for everyone， they are essential for the hea

21、ring-impaired The power failure caused a blackout which created a lot of problems Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park，which consists of two million acres of backcountry Directions: Revise the following run-on sentences 1 Women no longer need to move into the traditi

22、onally male professions they have already opened most of the doors to desirable career paths 2I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town，all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival 3Eric was late to work he ran all the way Revised sentences 1Women no longer need to move

23、into the traditionally male professions，for they have already opened most of the doors to desirable career pathsOR：Women no longer need to move into the traditionally maleprofessions；they have already opened most of the doors todesirable career pathsOR：Women no longer need to move into the tradition

24、ally maleprofessionsThey have already opened most of the doors todesirable career pathsOR：Because women have already opened most of the doors to desirable career paths，they no longer need to move into thetraditionally male professions 2I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town All th

25、e tables were taken before the Dragon Boat FestivalOR：I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town，butall the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat FestivalOR：I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town；however，all the tables were taken before the Dragon BoatFestivalOR：

26、allthe tables were taken before the Dragon Boat FestivalOR：Although I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant intown，all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival 3Eric was late to work，so he ran all the wayor：Eric ran all the way；otherwise，he could have been late towork or：Becau

27、se Eric was late to work，he ran all the wayor：Eric ran all the way because he was late to workor：Eric was late to work although he ran all the wayDirections: Identify and correct serious errors（such as fragments fused sentences and comma splices）in each of the following 1Without telling anyone，even

28、her sister，Mary，going to thepark，meeting her friends 2The physics problems were just impossible，they took all day to do 3That the course was so hard we all studied day and night, with noone getting an A or a B 4I knocked onat the door when the lady came I gave her most in-gratiating smile 5Why do yo

29、u ask what concern is it of yours? 6Getting married is easy，staying married is a different matter. 7Michelle tried each of the appetizers on the tableAnd then found that，when the dinner arrived，her appetite had gone 8She didnt know what to say to his announcement，she was not ata complete loss for wo

30、rds，either Revised sentences 1Without telling anyone，not even her sister，Mary went to thepark to meet her friends 2The physics problems were just impossible；therefore，they took all day to do 3The course was so hard that we all studied day and night，with no one getting an A or a B 4I knocked onat the do