句子结构常见错误Word文件下载.docx
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请看下列句子:
Fragment Wonderingwhathissonwasgoingtodo. RevisedSentence Mr.Smithhadbeenwonderingwhathissonwas goingtodo. Fragment Someerrorsinwritingareserious.Forexample, fragmentsandrun—onsentences. RevisedSentences Someerrorsinwritingareserious,forexample, fragmentsandrun—onsentences. OR Someerrorsinwritingareserious,amongwhichare fragmentsandrun-onsentences 虽然句子的残缺以各种形式出现,但最常见的形式是被分隔开的从句和以各种形式拆开的短语,如句号错误(periodfault)。
Fragments Havingdrivenacrossthedesert.Weenjoyedthecoolweather.Heenjoysflowersandshrubs.Whichhelpscreenhisyardfrom thestreet. RevisedSentences Havingdrivenacrossthedesert,weenjoyedthecoolweather.Heenjoysflowersandshrubs,whichhelpscreenhisyardfromthestreet.0R Heenjoysflowersandshrubs.Theyhelpscreenhisyardfromthestreet. 在写作中要经常检查句子的残缺问题,特别要注意那些以从属连词或短语等开头的句子,这些词都是“危险词”。
要确定以这些词开始的每个从句,都应附属于一个独立的句子。
避免残缺句的最好办法是注意区别句子和句子的一部分。
我们知道句子的最基本特点是在语法和逻辑上是一个完整的意义表达单位。
它至少具有一个主语和谓语。
动词的非限定形式不能在句中作为谓语单独使用,除非是在如Wheretogotonight?
简短的问句中。
因此在写句子时要特别注意。
改写残缺句主要有以下两种方法:
1将句中用的句号变成逗号,或把分隔开的短语或从句同它所属 的句子合并成一个能表达完整意思的句子。
例如:
Fragments Sincethereisalackofinterest.Thereisagreatlackofinformation. Youshouldmakeadeterminedefforttoavoidsentencefragments.Becausetheyareconsideredseriousmistakesinwriting. Ilookforwardtoholidays.Forexample,ThanksgivingandChristmas. RevisedSentences Sincethereisalackofinterest,thereisagreatlackofinformation. Youshouldmakeadeterminedefforttoavoidsentencefragmentsbecausetheyareconsideredseriousmistakesinwriting. Ilookforwardtoholidays,forexample,ThanksgivingandChristmas. 2)把残缺句扩展到主句中,或通过添加或减少某些成分。
把残缺 改写为独立、完整的句子。
Fragments Iaminterestedonlyinthepropertiesofcitrusfruit.Suchaslemons,oranges,andgrapefruit. Havingnomoneyandbeinglonelyinthebigcity. Itwasdifficulttodecide.whichchoicetomake.Toreturntoschoolortoacceptthejob. RevisedSentences Iaminterestedonlyinthepropertiesofcitrusfruit.Examplesarelemons,oranges,andgrapefruit. Havingnomoneyandbeinglonelyinthebigcity,thewomencommittedsuicide. Itwasdifficulttodecidewhethertoreturntoschoolortoacceptthejob. Directions:
Trytorevisethefollowingfragmentsinoneormorethanoneway. 1.Becausesomestudentshavepart-timejobsinadditiontogoing toschool 2.Thetablewascoveredwithfreshvegetables.Suchaslettuce, carrots,spinach,andsquash. 3.Joetriestocallhomeonceaweek.Tobeintouchwithhisfamily 4.Hemadeapointofenteringeachmisspelledwordinanotebook.Which hekeptforthatpurpose. 5.Itwasawonderfulweek.Fishingandswimmingeverydayanddancing everynight. Revisedsentences 1.Becausesomestudentshavepart-timejobsinadditiontofull-time classwork,theyhaveverylittlefreetime. 2.Thetablewascoveredwithfreshvegetablessuchaslettuce,carrots,spinachandsquash. 3.Joetriestocallhomeonceaweektokeepintouchwithhisfamily. 4.Hemadeapointofenteringeachmisspelledwordinanotebook, whichhekeptforthatpurpose. 5.Itwasawonderfulweek.Wewentfishingandswimmingevery dayanddancingeverynight. OR:
Itwasawonderfulweek.Wefishedandswameverydayand dancedeverynight. 2.接排句(Run-onSentence) 所谓接排句就是两个或更多的句子混合交织在一起,而没有正确的标点符号标明它们之间关系的句子。
这样的句子,意思含混不清,使读者不能理解各部分之间的关系。
接排句有两种形式:
一是融合句(fusedsentence),即在句子之间没有标点符号和句间连接词;
另一种更为常见的形式是逗号连接(commasplice),即没有并列连词,只用逗号代替分号和句号,把两个完整的意思连接起来.请看例句:
FusedSentences 1.Thegirlsscoredhigherinmaththeboysscoredhigherinverbalskills. 2.Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryonetheyare essentialforthehearing-impaired. CommaSplices 1.Educationisanelusiveword,itoftenmeansdifferentthings todifferentpeople. 2.HikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationatYellowstoneNationalPark,theparkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry. 改正接排句的基本方法可根据句子之间的不同关系分为以下5种 1.用句号分隔。
当长句或两个句子之间的关系不是很密切或毫无关系时,可使用这种方法。
RevisedSentences Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath.Theboysscoredhigherinverbalskills. Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone.Theyareessentialforthehearing-impaired. Educationisanelusiveword.Itoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople. HikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationatYellowstoneNationalPark.Theparkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry 2用分号隔开。
用分号连接两个独立的分句时,它们之间的关系 在意义和语法结构上比起使用句号时,关系较紧密。
RevisedSentences Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath;
theboysscoredhigherinverbalskills. Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone;
theyareessentialforthehearing—impaired. Educationisanelusiveword;
itoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople. HikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationatYellowstoneNationalPark;
theparkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry. 3使用并列连词连接。
当接排的句子之间关系紧密,容易辨别且合乎逻辑时,可以借助并列连词来连接,通常在这些连词前要加上逗号。
RevisedSentences Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath,and/buttheboysscoredhigherinverbalskills. Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone,buttheyareessentialforthehearing—impaired. Educationisanelusiveword,foritoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople. YellowstoneNationalParkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry,andhikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationthere. 4使用连接副词连接。
根据作者的意图和句子的需要。
接排的句子可以使用连接副词来连接。
这时,句子之间要用分号。
在连接副词的后面还要加逗号,但是一般在单音节的连词后不加逗号。
如so,yet。
thus等. RevisedSentences
Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath;
however,theboysscoredhigherinverbalskills. Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone;
neverthe1ess,theyareessentialforthehearing-impaired. Educationisanelusiveword;
indeed,itoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople. YellowstoneNationalParkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry;
therefore,hikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationthere. 5.使用从属连词、关系副词或关系代词连接.当可以判断出一个句子从逻辑上或意义上从属于另一个句子时,可以将此接排句改写成复合句。
RevisedSentences Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath,whiletheboysscoredhigherinverbalskills. Althoughgesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone,theyareessentialforthehearing-impaired. Thepowerfailurecausedablackoutwhichcreatedalotofproblems. HikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationatYellowstoneNationalPark,whichconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry Directions:
Revisethefollowingrun-onsentences 1.Womennolongerneedtomoveintothetraditionallymale professionstheyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorstodesirablecareerpaths. 2.Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown,allthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival. 3.Ericwaslatetoworkheranalltheway. Revisedsentences 1.Womennolongerneedtomoveintothetraditionallymaleprofessions,fortheyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorstodesirablecareerpaths. OR:
Womennolongerneedtomoveintothetraditionallymale professions;
theyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorsto desirablecareerpaths. OR:
Womennolongerneedtomoveintothetraditionallymale professions.Theyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorsto desirablecareerpaths. OR:
Becausewomenhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorsto desirablecareerpaths,theynolongerneedtomoveintothe traditionallymaleprofessions. 2.Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown.AllthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival. OR:
Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown,but allthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival. OR:
Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown;
however,allthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoat Festival. OR:
all thetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival. OR:
AlthoughIcalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantin town,allthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival. 3.Ericwaslatetowork,soheranalltheway. or:
Ericranalltheway;
otherwise,hecouldhavebeenlateto work. or:
BecauseEricwaslatetowork,heranalltheway. or:
Ericranallthewaybecausehewaslatetowork. or:
Ericwaslatetoworkalthoughheranalltheway. Directions:
Identifyandcorrectseriouserrors(suchasfragments·
fusedsentencesandcommasplices)ineachofthefollowing. 1.Withouttellinganyone,evenhersister,Mary,goingtothe park,meetingherfriends. 2.Thephysicsproblemswerejustimpossible,theytookalldaytodo·
3.Thatthecoursewassohardweallstudieddayandnight,withno onegettinganAoraB. 4.Iknockedon/atthedoorwhentheladycameIgavehermostin- gratiatingsmile. 5.Whydoyouaskwhatconcernisitofyours?
6.Gettingmarriediseasy,stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter. 7.Michelletriedeachoftheappetizersonthetable.Andthenfoundthat,whenthedinnerarrived,herappetitehadgone·
8.Shedidn’tknowwhattosaytohisannouncement,shewasnotat acompletelossforwords,either. Revisedsentences 1.Withouttellinganyone,notevenhersister,Marywenttothe parktomeetherfriends. 2.Thephysicsproblemswerejustimpossible;
therefore,theytook alldaytodo. 3.Thecoursewassohardthatweallstudieddayandnight,withnoonegettinganAoraB. 4.Iknockedon/atthedo