学年译林版必修三unit 1 The world of our senses grammar学案最新学习文档文档格式.docx

1、其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research. Since it is believed that strong sm

2、ells can affect the senses, volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain.He says that scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers.When well hold the sports meeting has not b

3、een decided yet.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many people.My parents wish is that I can go to a key university.They are discussing the problem whether they should ban （禁止） fishing in the lake.It is not clear whether she will attend his wedding.I have n

4、o idea when he would return.（1）以上句子中的加黑部分引导的是主语从句；句中加黑部分引导的是宾语从句；句中加黑部分引导的是表语从句；句中加黑部分引导的是同位语从句。（2）句中的that不能省略。语法剖析名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用。在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语，分别称作：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。学习名词性从句主要应注意其连接词的用法与区别以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等。名词性从句的连接词分类词形词义作从句的成分从属连词thatwhether/if是否连接代词who（ever）（无论）谁主格主语、宾语、表语whom（ever）（无论）谁宾格宾

5、语whose谁的所有格定语which（ever）（无论）哪一个（些）主语、宾语表语、定语what（ever）（无论）什么，东西主语、宾语、表语、定语副词when什么时间状语where什么地方how怎样，如何why为什么名词性从句的引导词一般都不可省略。但在宾语从句中的that有时可以省略。语法点一主语从句1.主语从句的连接词。主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词引导。（1）that在句中无词义，只起连接作用，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略，但that从句位于句首时，连词that不能省略。（2）连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。T

6、hat she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。When the plane is to take off has not been announced.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。名师点津如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式，则须用it作形式主语。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。whether/if只起连接作用，译成“是否”，在从句中不作成分。2主语从句可

7、以直接放在句首，有时为了平衡句子结构或表示强调，常用it作形式主语，而将从句放在后面。Its certain that he will attend the party.他肯定会来参加聚会。It is clear what he meant.他是什么意思很清楚。即时演练1（1）单句语法填空/单句改错（2019江苏高考）It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.（四川高考）What you said at the meeting describes a bright future fo

8、r the company.Bob failed in the exam disappointed his parents.Bob前加ThatIf Peter will attend the ceremony remains unknown.IfWhetherThat Alice said at the meeting was of great value.ThatWhat（2）完成句子很遗憾他没来。s_a_pity_that he didnt come.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。It_is_a_problem_whether they will support us.语法点二宾语从句1

9、.在句中起宾语作用的从句为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和系表结构的宾语从句。Do you know Tom has gone to Beijing?你知道汤姆去北京了吗？We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步做什么而烦恼。Im glad that my son was admitted into a key university.我儿子考入名牌大学我很高兴。2宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句通常由连词that和whether（if）、连接代词或连接副词引导。that引导宾语从句在口语和非正式文体中可以

10、省去，whether/if和wh类连接词引导的宾语从句都要用陈述句语序。He told me （that） he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。3宾语从句的时态：（1）如果主句谓语是现在时，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I know he lived in a city three years ago.我

11、知道他三年前住在某个城市里。（2）如果主句谓语是过去时，从句要用表示过去的某一时态。He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了玛丽。名师点津如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。（3）否定转移：当主句主语为第一人称，且主句时态为一般现在时，谓语动词believe, expect, guess, ima

12、gine, suppose, think等后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，通常否定主句。I dont think he will come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会。即时演练2（1）单句语法填空湖南高考）You have to know where youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.（福建高考）Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what youre afraid to do.你知道会议什么时候开始吗？Do you know when_the_mee

13、ting_will_begin?我不明白为什么他那么说。I couldnt understand why_he_said_so.我认为你不对。t_think you are right.请告诉我你是否同意这个计划。Please tell me whether/if you agree to the plan.他说下周他要来这儿。He said he would_come here next week.语法点三表语从句1.表语从句的连接词。表语从句通常由连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词，以及as if, as though, because等连词引导。The fact is th

14、at he doesnt really try.事实是他没有做真正的努力。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨。名师点津从属连词that在句中不作成分，也无实际意义，一般不可省略；whether也不作句子成分，但含有“是否”的意义。what, when, where等连接词有两种含义，一是表示疑问，一是表示陈述，相当于the thing that, the time when, the place where。My topic is what（the thing that） most scientists are researching.我的话题

15、就是许多科学家正研究的。This is where（the place where） we found the book.这就是我们找到这本书的地方。2当主语是reason时，表语从句一般要用that引导而不用because。The reason why Peter hasnt come is that he did not catch the train.彼得还没有来的原因是他没赶上这班火车。3如果主句的主语是advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语要用“（should）动词原形”。My suggestion is

16、 that we （should） have a discussion about this matter.我的建议是我们应该讨论一下这个问题。即时演练3（1）选词填空that, whether, as if, whyThe question is whether the film is worth seeing.Thats why he didnt come on time.It looks as_if we were going to have fine weather.Our decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomo

17、rrow.（2）单句语法填空北京高考）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.（湖南高考）As John Lennon once said, life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.语法点四同位语从句1.定义：主句中有些名词词义比较抽象，如belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, thought等，它们往往需要用从句来具体说明这一名词的实际内容或对

18、该名词作进一步解释，这种从句称为同位语从句。The fact that he won the first prize cant be denied.他获得一等奖的事实不容否认。2同位语从句的连接词：同位语从句通常由连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等引导。The advice that a meeting （should） be held was agreed to by most of us.应该开个会的建议得到了我们大多数人的同意。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时

19、完成任务。3that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别：that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不能省略；that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，在从句中充当句子成分，在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。I received the message that he would come by plane.我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。（同位语从句）I received the message （that） you sent me.我收到了你发给我的消息。（定语从句）即时演练4天津高考）The manager put forward a suggestion tha

20、t we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.（浙江高考）The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.（2）句型转换Our team won, which made me very happy.The news that_our_team_won made me very happy.I dont know who

21、will give the speech.I have no idea who_will_give_the_speech.The problem is whether he will help us.It is the problem whether_he_will_help_us.语法点五注意事项1.that引导的名词性从句（1）that引导名词性从句，that在从句中不作成分，本身无词义，只起连接作用。（2）that引导的名词性从句，在宾语从句中可省略that，在其他从句中that一般不省略；但若动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的不能省略；that引导的从句

22、如果作介词宾语，一般只用在except, in等少数介词后。except that“除了”， in that“因为”。We learned that more people had flu and that most of them were young people.（第二个that不能省略）我们了解到更多的人患上了流感，他们大多是年轻人。The fact that he didnt say anything at the meeting surprised us.（that不能省略）他在会上什么也没说使得我们很惊讶。This suit fits him well except that t

23、he trousers are too long.这套西装他穿上很合身，只是裤子太长了。2whether/if引导的名词性从句（1）在主语从句中，从句置于句首时，必须用whether引导；若在句首用形式主语it，而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用if，但习惯上多用whether。It doesnt matter whether/if he will come.他来不来都没有关系。Whether Jackie Chan will come to the party is still not known.成龙是否来参加宴会还不知道呢。（2）在宾语从句中，whether和if一般可互换。在下列情况下

24、whether不可用if代替：与or not直接连用时用whether。介词或discuss后的宾语从句用whether，不用if。表语从句用whether不用if，意为“是否”。同位语从句中，表“是否”时用whether而不用if。No one knows whether or not the shop will be closed.没人知道这家商店是否要关闭。They are discussing whether the house should be repaired.他们正在谈论这个房子是否该修一下。It depends on whether you agree with us.那要看

25、你是否和我们意见一致。The question is whether we can get there.问题是我们是否能到那儿。There is some doubt whether he is the best man for this job.他是不是担任这项工作的最佳人选，还有点疑问。Do you have any idea about whether it is going to rain tomorrow? 不知明天会不会下雨？即时演练5that, whether, ifHe is a good student except that he is a little bit carel

26、ess.My idea is that we should do it at once.Whether he will attend the meeting is unknown.I want to know if/whether he likes the present.That he left without a word makes us surprised.（陕西高考）It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.叙事性记叙文技法指导在写叙事性记叙文时要注意以下几个方面：1四定：定内容确定叙述要点；定关键词确定所用词、词组；定人称第一还是第三人称；定时态一般过去时、一般现在时还是一般将来时。2三步骤：开头（beginning）交代必要的背景，如时间、地点、人物等。主体（body）交代故事情节（事情的主体），如