专业八级分类模拟378Word下载.docx

1、writing 1 after finishing the rest including a 2 at the beginning 3 previous research in this field other points 1）an explanation of the 4 of the paper 2）enough background knowledge 3）a proper 5 of the previous work 4）questions of the thesis 5）the 6 of your work 6）guiding the reader verbally 7）makin

2、g it clear where your 7 starts . Method part information of the 8 of your results information to 9 your experiment limitations, 10 , and range of validity, as well as description of your methods . Result part 11 of observations . Discussion part starting with sentences that 12 the most important res

3、ults being a（n） 13 in itself and answering necessary questions rich references of 14 work and background moving 15 material （分数：解析：the introductory section 听力原文 Today, I will talk about the most important parts of thesis writing. That is, introduction, methods, results and discussion. First, its the

4、 introduction part. You cant write a good introduction until you know what the body of the paper says. Consider writing the introductory section after you have completed the rest of the paper, rather than before. Be sure to include a hook at the beginning of the introduction. This is a statement of

5、something sufficiently interesting to motivate your reader to read the rest of the paper, it is an important and interesting scientific problem that your paper either solves or addresses. You should draw the reader in and make them want to read the rest of the paper. The next paragraphs in the intro

6、duction should cite previous research in this area. It should cite those who had the idea or ideas first, and should also cite those who have done the most recent and relevant work. You should then go on to explain why more work is necessary. What else belongs in the introductory section of your pap

7、er? First, its a statement of the goal of the paper. That is why the study was undertaken, or why the paper was written. Do not repeat the abstract. Second, you should present sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand the context and significance of the question you are try

8、ing to address. Third, youd better give a proper acknowledgement of the previous work on which you are building. Sufficient references such that a reader could, by going to the library, achieve a sophisticated understanding of the context and significance of the question. Fourth, the introduction sh

9、ould be focused on the thesis questions. All cited work should be directly relevant to the goals of the thesis. This is not a place to summarize everything you have ever read on a subject. Fifth, explain the scope of your work, what will and will not be included? Sixth, you may draw a verbal road ma

10、p or verbal table of contents guiding the reader to what lies ahead. Seventh, make it obvious where introductory material ends and your contribution begins. Remember that this is not a review paper. We are looking for original work and analysis by you. Break up the introduction section into logical

11、segments by using subheads. The following important part is the method part. This section Should contain information to allow the reader to assess the believability of your results and information needed by another researcher to replicate your experiment. Hence you should describe clearly your mater

12、ials, procedure, theories, and calculations, technique, equipment, calibration plots. Besides, this section also includes limitations, assumptions, and range of validity, as well as description of your analytical methods, including reference to any specialized statistical software. Remember, citatio

13、ns in this section should be limited to data sources and references of where to find more complete descriptions of procedures. Do not include descriptions of results. Next, Id like to talk about the result part. The results are actual statements of observations, including statistics, tables and grap

14、hs. It should indicate information on range of variation and mention negative results as well as positive. Do not interpret results and save that for the discussion. Present sufficient details so that others can draw their own inferences and construct their own explanations. Break up your results in

15、to logical segments by using subheadings. And remember, key results should be stated in clear sentences at the beginning of paragraphs. Besides, describe the nature of the findings. Do not just tell the reader whether or not they are significant. Finally, it is the discussion part. This section shou

16、ld start with a few sentences that summarize the most important results. The whole section should be a brief essay in itself and answer the following questions: First, what are the major patterns in the observations? Second, what are the relationships, trends and generalizations among the results? T

17、hird, what are the exceptions to these patterns or generalizations? Fourth, what are the likely causes underlying these patterns resulting predictions? Fifth, is there agreement or disagreement with previous work? Sixth, interpret results in terms of background laid out in the introductionwhat is th

18、e relationship of the present results to the original question? Seventh, what is the implication of the present results for other unanswered questions in earth sciences, ecology, environmental policy, etc. Eighth, what are your hypotheses: There are usually several possible explanations for results.

19、 Be careful to consider all of these rather than simply pushing your favorite one. If you can eliminate all but one, that is great, but often that is not possible with the data in hand. In that case you should give even treatment to the remaining possibilities, and try to indicate ways in which futu

20、re work may lead to their discrimination. Ninth, avoid jumping a currently fashionable point of view unless your results really do strongly support them. Tenth, what are the things we now know or understand that we didnt know or understand before the present work? The final one is what the significa

21、nce of the present results is. In other words, why should we care? This section should be rich in references to similar work and background needed to interpret results. However, discussion section is often too long and wordy. Is there material that does not contribute to one of the elements I mentio

22、ned above? If so, this may be material that you will want to consider deleting or moving. Remember to break up the section into logical segments by using subheads. Thesis writing is not an easy thing, because each part is important and they are so closely interrelated that you cannot neglect any of

23、them. However, if you can grasp the points I mentioned just now, you may find it much more controllable. I hope todays lecture is helpful to you more or less. And next time I will talk about the problem of word choice in thesis writing. Thank you for your attention. 考点 本题设题点在祈使句处。根据听力原文可知，建议在完成整篇论文后

24、再写第一部分的介绍，故答案为the introductory section。hook 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，论文介绍部分应包括吸引读者的一句话，所以填hook。citing 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，在论文介绍部分应该介绍该领域内先前的研究成果，此外根据语境应为动名词形式，所以填citing。goal 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，在介绍部分首先要包括论文的目的，故答案为goal。acknowledgement 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，你最好针对你参考过的作品好好写一篇致谢词，所以填acknowledgement。scope

25、考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，介绍部分还应包含论文写作的范围，故答案为scope。contribution 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，在介绍的结尾部分要让人知道你自己的贡献是从哪部分开始的，故答案为contribution。believability 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，接下来的一个重要部分是方法，这一部分的信息必须有足够的说服力，使别人相信你的实验结果，故答案为believability。describe 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，你应该清晰地描述你的研究材料、过程、理论、运算、技术、设备等，因此填describe。assum

26、ptions 考点 本题设题点在递进关系处。根据听力原文可知，方法部分还应包含其他要点，其中一点就是方法所要证明的假设，故答案为assumptions。actual statements 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，结果部分应该是对实验观察到的内容的真实陈述，故答案为actual statements。summarize 考点 本题设题点在定语从句处。根据听力原文可知，讨论部分应该具有总结性，总结出最重要的结果，故答案为summarize。brief essay 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，讨论部分本身就是一篇简短的论文，同时要回答必要的问题，故答案为brief e

27、ssay。similar 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，讨论部分需引用大量的参考文献，并需囊括类似的作品和研究背景，故答案为similar。unnecessary 考点 本题考查重要细节。根据听力原文可知，如果一些不必要的内容对论文帮助不大，那么你应该考虑删除它们，所以填unnecessary。三、SECTION B INTERVIEW（总题数：2，分数：25.00）5.00）A.Helicopter parenting.B.Sociology.C.A book written by Julie Lythcott-Haims.D.How to be a good parent.听力

28、原文 M: Good morning, today we are very pleased to have sociologist Lisa from Oxford University to tell us about Helicopter parenting. W: Hello. Im so honored to be here. Well, Lisa. Todays topic is about Helicopter parenting. So first of all, what does that mean? describes a style of raising children where parents are over-protective and do too much. Any history about the term? The term was used for the first time in the late （nineteen） sixties. It describes parents who hover over their kids at home and at the playgroun