时态专讲Word格式.docx

1、Im notYou arentYoure notHe Sheisnt, is notItWe arent ,are not.They That isthatsWhat iswhatsWho iswhoWhere iswheresMy name ismy names2.There be 结构“there is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时”这样一种句型。大致相当于汉语“某地/谋时有某物/某人”的说法。句子中的is/are和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。 There is（theres） a table in your room.There are （therere） some pencils

2、 on the desk.There is not（isnt） a dog here.There are not （arent ） any cats here.Is there a ruler in your bag? Yes, there is./No, there is not.（isnt）Are there any people in that house? Yes, there are./No, there are not（arent）Are there any books in your bag? Yes, there are./No, there are not（arent）.Ho

3、w many kites are there in the sky? There are thirteen.注：动词do在初一册课本中出现.Jb1-2:There is（There s） a train in the picture. There are（Therere） some trees near the river. There is（Theres ）some water in the bottle.There is not（isnt） a picture on the wall. There are not（arent） any birds in the tree.There is

4、not（isnt） any rice in the bag.Is there a girl under the tree? Yes, there is./No, there is not（isnt）.Are there any glasses on the table? Yes, there are./No, there are not（arent）.Is there any tea in the cup? Yes, there is.?/No, there is not（isnt）.How many days are there in a week? There are seven. 3.动

5、词do （verb to do）I speak English.You speak English.He/She/It speaks English.We/You/They speak English.I do not（dont）speak English.You do not（dont）speak English.He/She/It does（doesnt）speak English.We/You/They do not （dont）speak English.Do I speak English?Yes, you do.No, you do not（dont）Do we speak Eng

6、lish?Yes, we/you do.No, we/you not（dont）Do you speak English?Yes, I do.No, I do not （dont）.Yes, we do.No, we do not（dont）Does he/she/it speak English?Yes, he/she/it does.No,he/she/it does not（doesnt）Do they speak English? Yes, they do. No,t hey do not（dont）.当主语是第三人称时，动词形式需做下列几种变化：规 则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词

7、在词尾加s在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音或元音后读/z/，在t后读/ts/，在后读/dz/。HelpMakeSwimLeaveKnowPlayGetrideHelps/helps/Makes/meiks/Swims/swimz/Leaves/li:vz/Knows/nouz/Plays/pleiz/Gets/gets/Rides/raidz/以s,x,ch,sh字母结尾的动词加-es，读/iz/。如果动词原形词尾已有e，则加s，以o结尾的动词也加es，读/z/GuessFixTeachWashClosegoGuesses/gesiz/Fixes/fixiz/Teaches/ti:t iz/Was

8、hes/wiz/closes/klouiz/Goes/gouz/以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，读/z/FlyCarrystudyFlies/flaiz/Carries/k riiz/Studies/st diz/II.现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense ）1.现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。如：The students are listening to the teacher.He is watching TV now.现在进行时也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如We are working on a

9、 farm these days. I am writng a book this month.2.现在进行时是由be（am/is/are） + 动词-ing形式构成的。其肯定、否定和疑问式如下：I am working. You are working.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are working.I am not working. You are not working.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not working.Am I working?Yes, you are./No, you a

10、re notAre we working?Yes, we/you are./No, we/you are not.Are you working?Yes, I am./No, I am not.Yes, we are./No, we are not.Is he/she/It working ?Yes, he/she/it is./No, he/she/it is not.Are they working?Yes, they are ./No, they are not.3.动词-ing 形式的构成：规则-ing形式一般在动词原形末尾加-ingGoAsklookGoing /goui /Aski

11、ng/a:ski /Looking/luki /以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加ingWritetakeWriting/raiti /Closing/klouzi /Taking/teiki /以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ingSitPutRunbeginGetting/geti /Sitting/siti/Putting/puti /Running/r ni /Beginning/bi gin /III. 一般过去时态（The Simple Past Tense）一般过去时表示某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,

12、如yesterday, last night, in1990, two days ago等.也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用. 例如: I got up at 6:30 yesterday. My father was at work yesterday afternoon. He always went to work by bus last year. 一般过去时的构成动词 beI was He （She, It） was We （You, They ） were I was not （wasnt） He （She, It） was n

13、ot（wasnt） .We （You, They ） were not （werent）. workI（You, he, She ,It, You, They） worked.I（You, he, She ,It, You, They） did not（didnt） work. there beThere was There were .There was not （wasnt ）There were not （werent）第一人称第二人称第三人称beWas I ?Yes, you were.No, you were not.Were you ?Yes, I was.No, I was no

14、t.Was he（she, it）?Yes, he（she, it）was.No, he（she, it）was not.Were we ?Yes, we（you） were.No, we（you） were not.Yes, we were.No, we were not.Were they?Yes, they were.No, they were not.workDid I work?Yes, you did.No, you did not.Did you work?Yes, I did.No, I did not.Did he （she, it） work?Yes, he （she, i

15、t） did.No, he （she, it）did not.Did we work?Yes, we（you）did.No, we（you）did not.Yes, we did.No, we did not.Did they work?Yes, they did.No, they did not.there beWas there a/any ?Yes, there was.No, there was not.Was there a/any?Were there any?Yes, there were.No, there were not.规则动词过去式的构成构成规则原形过去式一般在动词原形

16、末尾加-edplaystartlookedplayedstarted结尾是的动词加-dlivehopeuselivedhopedused末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-edstopplantripstoppedplannedtripped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加-edcarryworrystudiedcarriedworried词尾-ed的读音读音例句在浊辅音和元音后面/d/ called borrowed moved enjoyed welcomed answered在清辅音后面/t/ finished helped passed c

17、ooked在/t/，/d/音后面/id/ wanted shouted needed counted不规则动词过去式参见本书第202页上的不规则动词表。常见的不规则动词有：Am/is- was are-were go- went have-had do-did get- gotcome-came say-said see-saw put-put eat-ate taketookIV. 一般将来时态（The Simple Future Tense ）一般将来时态表示某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，next week

18、，next year等。例句：I will go to my hometown next week. We will come to see you every Sunday.1）一般将来时的构成一般将来时由“助动词will+动词原形”构成。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简缩为ll，will not常简缩为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称（I和we）时,常用助动词shall.人称疑问式I/We will go.I/We will not go.Shall I/we go?You will go.You will not go.Will you go?He/She/It/They wil

19、l go.He /She/It/They will not go.Will he/she/it they go?（1）在书面语中，主语为第一人称（I和we）时，常用助动词shall+动词原形。例如：I shall write you a letter next month.We shall be very pleased to see you. 但在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。 （2）在表示“带意愿色彩的将来”时，常用will。I will tell you all about it. （3）在问对方是否愿意，或表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用will。 Will you go to the

20、 zoo with me?Will you please open the window? （4）在表示建议或征求对方意见时，可用shall。 Shall we go at ten? Shall we get some food?2） 用“be going to+动词原形”表示将来要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。What are you going to do next Sunday?Theyre going to meet outside the school gate.Were not going to have any classes next week.V.动词过去进行时（Th

21、e Past Continuous Tense）1） 过去进行时的构成 过去进行时由was（were）+动词-ing构成。现以动词work为例，其肯定式、否定式和疑问式见下表：I/He/She/It was working.We/You/They were working.I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They were not working.Was I working?Were you working?Was he/she/it working?Yes, he/she/it was.No, he/she/it was not.Were we/you/

22、they working?Yes, you/we/they were.No, you/we/they were not.was not常简略为wasnt; were not常简略为werent。1）过去进行时的用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。What were you doing this time yesterday?We were working in class.He was mending his bike at ten oclock yesterday.I was drawing a horse whe

23、n the teacher came in.While she was trying to pass a truck before her, she saw another car coming.4） 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. 玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚一直在

24、给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）VI. 现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）1）现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have（has） +过去分词”构成。现以动词 为例，将现在完成式的完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问句以及简略答语列表如下：I/You have worked.He/She/It has worked.We/You/They have worked.I/You have not worked.He/She/It has not worked.We/You/They have not worked.Have I/You worked?Has he /it/s

25、he/worked?Have we/you/they have worked?Yes, you/I have.Yes, he /she/it has.Yes, you/we/they have.No, you/I have not,.No, he/she/it has not.No, you/They have not.1.规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同。不规则的过去分词见本书末（不规则动词表）。2.have not 常简略为havent ,has not常简略为hasnt.2）现在完成时的用法用法表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果-Have you had your lunch yet?- yes, I have .Ive just had it.I have already posted the photos.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。I havent seen