专题 高考真题阅读理解之科普类说明文教师版Word格式.docx

1、63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _.A. the y

2、 circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they

3、float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASAs major concerns about astronauts is _.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning home2.【北京卷】CLife in t

4、he Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple

5、 touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.” And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? Its trickier than you might think. The obj

6、ects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter（散射） light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look di

7、fferent from other objects around it, so you can see it easily. But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You do

8、nt see it -you see the things behind it. To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments（色素） that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues w

9、ont absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials-skin, fat, and more-and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new

10、speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie（果冻状的）material and spread the

11、mselves over it .Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals,

12、 staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_. A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means_

13、. A. silently B. gradually C. regularly D. completely65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to _. A. change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light. C. avoid the absorption of light D. grow bigger to stop light.66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transp

14、arent animals_. A. move more slowly in deep water B. stay see-through even after death C. produce more tissues for their survival D. take effective action to reduce light spreading3.【江苏】BIn the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a gro

15、wing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of elect

16、ronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration （含量） of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are

17、 recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more,

18、 than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging（包装） it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protecti

19、on Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products as well as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance, buying reusable prod

20、ucts and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive （动机） for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first pl

21、ace?Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap （气泡垫） that encased your television?From the governments point of view, a primar

22、y goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _ .A. the weight of e-goods is rat

23、her smallB. E-waste deserves to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _ .A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producersC. from individ

24、uals to distributors D. from distributors to governments60. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste. B. The creation of e-waste.C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The management of e-waste.4.CSuppose you become a leader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to

25、 have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand thei