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1、（1）在MLA规范里，作者的姓名应完整，应标明首名的全称和中间名的首字母。在APA里，作者的首名和中间名均应用首字母。（2）在MLA规范里，期刊名与期刊卷数之间不用逗号。（3）在APA规范里期刊的卷数（即“28”）应用斜体表示。（4）按MLA的规范，标题第一个词和冒号后第一个词的首字母均必须大写，而其余每一个词的首字母，除冠词、介词、并列连词以及不定式符号（“to”）以外都必须大写。按APA的规范，标题第一个词和冒号后第一个词的首字母必须大写，而其余每一个词的首字母，除专有名词以外，均不需要大写。两位作者写的文章Brownell, Hiram H., and Heather H. Potter

2、. “Inference Deficits in Right-Brain Damaged Patients.” Brain and Language 27 （1986）: 310-21.Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. L. （1990）. Priming and human memory systems. Science, 247, 301-305.两位以上的作者写的文章Mascia-Lees, Frances E., Pat Sharpe, and Colleen B. Cohen. “Double Liminality and the Black Woman Wri

3、ter.” American Behavioral Scientist 31 （1987）: 101-14.Barringer, H. R., Takeuchi, D. T., & Xenos, P. C. （1990）. Education, occupational prestige and income of Asian Americans: Evidence from the 1980 Census. Sociology of Education, 63, 27-43. 无论用MLA 还是APA，第一作者以姓氏开始（加上逗号），继以名字或者名字的首字母，但是从第二作者开始，在MLA规范

4、里以名字开始，继以姓氏，而在APA规范里以姓氏开始（加上逗号），继以名字的首字母。 如果作者人数超过三人，也可以考虑仅保留第一作者的名字，加上et al.（拉丁文 “and others”），如：Mascia-Lees, Frances E., et al. “Double Liminality and the Black Woman Writer.” American Behavioral Scientist 31 （1987）:Barringer, H. R. et at. （1990）. Education, occupational prestige and income of Asi

5、an Americans:书评、影评、电视节目评论等（Review） Kidd, John. “The Scandal of Ulysses.” Rev. of Ulysses: The Corrected Text, by Hans Walter Gabler. New York Review of Books 30 June 1988: 32-39.Falk, J. S. （1990）. Review of Narratives from the crib. Language, 66, 558-562.收集在书籍中的文章（Selection from an edited book） Glo

6、ver, David. “The Stuff That Dreams Are Made Of: Masculinity, Femininity, and the Thriller.” Gender, Genre and Narrative Pleasure. Ed. Derek Longhurst. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. 67-83.Wilson, S. F. （1990）. Community support and integration: New directions for outcome research. In S. Rose （Ed.）, Case

7、 management: An overview and assessment （pp. 13-42）. White Plains, NY: Longman.（1）“Ed.”代表“编”。（2）在MLA规范中，书的编者的姓和名均用全称，在APA规范里，编者的姓用全称，名用首字母。杂志中的文章Miller, Mark Crispen. “Massa, Come Home.” New Republic 16 Sept. 1981: 29-32.Gibbs, N. （1989, April 24）. How America has run out of time. Time, pp. 58-67.著录

8、引用杂志中的文章应标明杂志的出版日期。报纸中的文章“Literacy on the job.” USA Today 27 Dec. 1988: 6B. Freudenheim, M. （1987, December 29）. Rehabilitation in head injuries in business and helath. New York Times, p. D2.百科全书中的文章（An entry in an encyclopedia）MLA:Mohanty, Jitendra M. “Indian Philosophy.” The New Encyclopaedia Brit

9、annica: Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1987.Bergmann, P. G. （1993）. Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica （Vol. 26, pp. 501-508）. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.政府文件（A government publication）United States. Natl. Council on Disability. Promises to Keep: A Decade of Federal Enforcement of the Americ

10、ans with Disabilities Act. Washington: GPO, 2000. National Institute of Mental Health. （1990）. Clinical training in serious mental illness （DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679）. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.3.2.2 著录已出版的书籍一位作者写的书籍Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional

11、History. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.Rossi, P. H. （1989）. Down and out in America: The origins of homelessness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 注意不同规范里书籍标题大小写规则的不同。新版书（Book with a new edition）Erikson, Erik. Childhood and Society. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1963.Kail, R. （1990）. Memory develop

12、ment in children （3rd ed.）. New York: Freeman.团体作者（Book with a corporate author）写的书籍College Board. College-bound Seniors: 1989 SAT Profile. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1989.American Psychiatric Association. （1987）. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders （3rd ed., rev

13、.）. Washington, DC: Author.无作者书籍（Book with no author）Guidelines for the Workload of College English Teacher. Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English, 1987.Standards for educational andpsychological tests. （1985）. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 编撰的书籍（Edited book）Kerckhove

14、, Derrick de, and Charles J. Lumsden, eds. The Alphabet and the Brain: The Lateralization of Writing. Berlin Springer-Verlag, 1988.Campbell, J. P., Campbell, R. J., & Associates. （Eds.）. （1988）. Productivity in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.翻译的书籍（Translated book）Lacan, Jacques. Ecrit

15、s: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1977.Michotte, A. E. （1963）. The perception of causality （T. R. Miles & E. Miles, Trans.）. London: Methuen. （Original work published 1946） 注意在两种规范里，翻译者的名和姓均不需要改变次序。重版书（Republished book）Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. Ur

16、bana: U of Illinois P, 1978.Ebbinghaus, H. （1964）. Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. New York: Dover. （Original work published 1885; translated 1913）3 著录尚未正式出版的文献硕博士论文（Dissertation）Hubert, Henry Allan. “The Development of English Studies in Nineteenth-Century Anglo- Canadian College

17、s.” Diss. U of British Columbia, 1988.Thompson, L. （1988）. Social perception in negotiation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.学术会议上的报告（Conference paper）Moffett, James. “Censorship and Spiritual Education.” The Right to Literacy Conference. Columbus, Ohio, Sept

18、ember 1988.Hogan, R., Raskin, R., & Fazzini, D. （1988, October）. The dark side of charisma. Paper presented at the Conference on Psychological Measures and Leadership, San Antonio, TX.研究报告Flower, Linda. The Role of Task Representation in Reading to Write. Technical Report No. 6. Berkeley: Center for

19、 the Study of Writing at U of California, Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon U, 1987.Elman, J., & Zipser, D. （1987）. Learning the hidden structure of speech （Report No. 8701）. Institute for Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego.小册子（A brochure）Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Dept. of Jury C

20、ommissioner. A Few Facts about Jury Duty. Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1997. Research and Training Center on Independent Living. （1993）. Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities （4th ed.） Brochure. Lawrence, KS:4 著录非印刷材料电影或录像High Fidelity. Dir. Stephen Frears. Pe

21、rf. John Cusack, Iben Hjejle, Jack Black, and Todd Louiso. 2000. Videocassette. Walt Disney Video, 2001. 条目以影名开始（用斜体表示），继以导演的姓名（放在“Dir.”之后）和主要演员的姓名（放在“Perf.”之后），然后是发行者的名称和发行年份。如果是录像带或DVD，则应在发行者的名称前注明是“Videocassette”或“DVD”。Smith, J.D. （Producer）, & Smithee, A.F. （Director）. （2001）. Really Big Disaste

22、r MovieMotion picture. United States: Paramount Pictures.假若著录非正式发行的电影或录像，则应报告收藏该电影或录像的地方，如：Harris, M. （Producer）, & Turley, M. J. （Director）. （2002）. Writing Labs: A History Motion picture. （Available from Purdue University Pictures, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907）电视广播节目和系列报道（A Radio/Telev

23、ision Broadcast/Series）“Monkey Trial.” American Experience. PBS. WGBH, Boston. 18 Mar. 2003. Important, I.M. （Producer）. （1990, November 1）. The Nightly News Hour. Television broadcast. New York: Central Broadcasting Service.Bellisario, D.L. （Producer）. （1992）. Exciting Action Show. Television serie

24、s. Hollywood: American Broadcasting Company.电视系列报道分集（A Single Episode of a Television Series）Mysteries of the Pyramids. On the Inside. Discovery Channel. 7 Feb. 2001. Wendy, S. W. （Writer）, & Martian, I.R. （Director）. （1986）. The rising angel and the falling ape. Television series episode. In D. Dud

25、e （Producer）, Creatures and monsters. Los Angeles: Belarus Studios.无论是MLA 还是APA的规范，分集的标题均不用斜体，也不用引号。音乐节目（A music recording）Bizet, Georges. Carmen. Perf. Jennifer Laramore, Thomas Moser, Angela Gheorghiu, and Samuel Ramey. Bavarian State Orch. and Chorus. Cond. Giuseppe Sinopoli. Warner, 1996.Chapman

26、, Tracy. “Paper and Ink.” Telling Stories. Elektra, 2000.条目以作曲家、指挥、演奏者的姓名开始，如果作品较长，则继以作品名称（用斜体表示），再其他的演奏者和音乐家；如果作品是一首歌，则歌曲名称放在引号内，继以唱片或歌曲集的名称（用斜体表示）。最后是出版商和出版年份Songwriter, W. W. （Date of copyright）. Title of song Recorded by artist if different from song writer. On Title of album Medium of recording

27、. Location: Label. （Recording date if different from copyright date）Taupin, B. （1975）. Someone saved my life tonight Recorded by Elton John. On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy CD. London: Big Pig Music Limited.本例中“Taupin”为演唱人，“（1975）”为版权获得日期，“Someone saved my life tonight”为歌名，“Elton John

28、”为录制人，“On Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy”为歌曲集的名称，“CD”表示该歌曲集为光碟。最后是出版地点和出版商。5 著录汉语著作和文章 如果在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏（见第3.1.1节），相应的，参考文献著录的条目必须按作者姓氏汉语拼音的字母顺序与英文文献的条目一同排列。条目中凡正文中未加引用的内容均不必翻译。例如：Zhang, Zhijian. 张志健，严复思想研究. 桂林：广西师大出版社，1989.Yu, Yongding. 余永定，财政稳定问题研究的一个理论框架. 世界经济

29、，2005，（7）：25-29. Wang, Mingliang. 王明亮，关于中国学术期刊标准数据库系统工程的进展EB/OL. ，1998-08-16/1999 -10-04 这里最后是一个著录网络上汉语出版物的例子，其中“1998-08-16”为网页发表或更新的日期，“1999-10-04”为引用日期。Wang, C. M. 王初明等人，2000，以写促学：一项英语写作教学改革的试验. 外语教学与研究（3）：230236。Wen, Q. F. 文秋芳，2003，英语学习者的成功之路. 上海：上海外语教育出版社。如果正文用了文献的英译标题，则著录的条目也必须出现该英译标题，如：Wen, Q. F. 文秋芳，2003