1、D、表示某国人时,中日不变,英法变,其他国家加s:(1)Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese (2)Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen (3)German-Germans Russian-Russians Americans 特殊情况. 另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。如:people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors. 有些名词以s结尾,但不是复数形式,如:news,maths,physics,politics. 有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,如:ro
2、om(空间)a room(房间) work(工作)works(著作)(2)不可数名词:(前面不能用a,an等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:A 液体类: water:juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffeeB 肉类: meat,beef, pork, muttonC 粉末类:breadD 抽象名词类news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,housework schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,priceE 食物类: food, broccoli,rice, porr
3、idge, junk food ,tofu不可数名词计量的表达:A个数单位词:piece (张、片、块、条),如:a piece of newsB 容器单位词:bottle(瓶),bag(包),box(盒、箱)如:a bottle of milkC 类别单位词:kind( 种、类) D 度量衡单位词:kilo(千克、公斤) 翻译下面的词组:1.两杯咖啡: 2.四块面包: 3. 七袋大米: 4. 八只鹿:5.一滴水: 6.三个男孩:(3)名词所有格(翻译为:的):例句一般在有生命名词后加s构成 Lindas desk若以s结尾复数名词,则在s后加s,若不是以s结尾复数名词,则加sthe boys
4、 friends the childrens day表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加sLucy and Lilys mother表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个人都加sLucys and Lilys book表示时间、距离的名词可以加s 或 构成所有格形式Todays newspaperFifteen minutes walk表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有格后面的名词at my uncles=at my uncles home表示无生命事物的所有关系:一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:a map of China 中国地图 the name of the film 书
5、的封面the cover of the book 电影的名字 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空:1The two girls are ( Japan ) 2. The ( baby ) are asleep 3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。eg.two men teachers,
6、three women doctors4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths 8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?9. Whose ( knife )are these ?10. “ W
7、hose house is this ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” .2. verb(v.) 动词eg. do, make, go, take, bring英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语又分为:Vt. (及物动词) eg. speak, give, singVi. (不及物动词) eg. run, work英语中动词有5中形态:原形,第三人称单数形式,过去式,过去分词(用于完成时或被动语态中),现在分词do does did done doingwork works worked worked working动词第三人称单数形式变化(三单变化)动词原形三单变化直接+shel
8、p/makehelps/makes以字母s/x/ch/sh为结尾+esguess/wash/watchguesses/washes/watches以“辅音字母+y”为结尾,变y为i+esstudy/carry/flystudies/carries/flies以o为结尾的部分单词+esdo/godoes/goes特殊变化havehas. 动词过去式和过去分词变化 (1) 规则变化过去式和过去分词直接+edwork/call/wantworked/called/wanted以“辅音字母+y”为结尾,变y为i+edstudy/try/carrystudied/tried /carried重读闭音节元
9、音+辅音结尾+edstop/planstopped/planned以字母e为结尾+dlive/hopelived/hoped(2) 不规则变化需要单独记忆动词的现在分词形式变化现在分词直接+inghelp/workhelping/working以e为结尾,去e加ingmake/movemaking/moving重读闭音节元音+辅音结尾+ingget/begingetting/beginning以ie为结尾,变ie为y+inglie/die/tielying/dying/tying时态(找时间标志词): 一般现在时:结构:am / is / are play / plays判断:sometime
10、s, often, usually, always, every, 在if / as soon as等复合句中,主将从现1. If you_ hard, you will pass the exam. A. studies B. study C. will study D. is studying 现在进行时: am / is /are playing Look, Listen, now, Wheres sb?典型例题:1. -Where s mom? I want to go shopping with her. -She_ in the bedroom. A. reads B. read
11、C. is reading D. has read一般过去时: was / were played yesterday, last, ago及语境.1. -You look tired. What did you do yesterday? -I _ till night. A. works B. worked 一般将来时: will play tomorrow, next及语境, 在if /as soon as等主从复合句中,主将从现 . 1. She _ me as soon as she gets there. A. calls B. call C. called D. will cal
12、l过去进行时: was /were playing at that time, at this time ,yesterday , by+过去时间, by the end of+过去时间 常用于带有when/ while 的主从复合句中. 1. Mom_ in the kitchen when I got home. A. cooks B. cook C. was cooking D. cooked2. I_ my homework at this time yesterday . A. did B. do C. will do D. was doing现在完成时(动作从过去持续到现在): h
13、as / have played just, already, yet, ever, never, so far(到目前为止) 次数(once,twice) since+时间点, for + 时间段, how long 1. He_ in the factory for two years. C. is working D. has worked被动语态,(主语与谓语构成被动关系):主语+be(am/is/was/were/will be)+done The hole should (dig) deep enough. The students (tell) to clean the clas
14、sroom.情态动词(can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared)敢 , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用)后加动词原形(1)ATom _ (come) from America.Nowhe (teach) English in a middle school in Beijing. In his free time, hewould like_ _ (go) in for a traditional sportso that he can(learn
15、) more about Chinese.BNow, people use satellitesto do many things. So far, man(invent) four kinds of satellites. One of them(use) to study the weather.(2)Henry, a 14-year-old boy, used (be )too fat to play sports. He went to the doctor and (tell) to have a balanced diet. So he tried _ _ (not eat) to
16、o much meat or sugar because they might make him get heavier. Now he isnt fat at all. He does sports every day and(become) a member of the school soccer team. Next week Henry will take part in the school sports meet.My mother is very kind and easygoing, she helps me a lot. I(take) good care of in my
17、daily lifeby her. When Im in trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties. With her help, I(become) a top student in my classalready. I believe she(be) proud of mein the near future.3. adjective(adj.)形容词eg. good, beautiful, nice, happy, long英语中形容词有两种形式:比较级和最高级 eg. good- better- best nic
18、e- nicer- nicest1.比较级、最高级的构成一般在词尾加er或estgreat-greatergreatest以e结尾的只加r或stnicenicer-nicest以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加e或esheavyheavierheaviest easyeasiereasiest busybusierbusiest funnyfunnierfunniestearlyearlierearliest以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或estbigbiggerbiggest, thinthinnerthinnest,fatfatterfattest,fitfi
19、tterfittest音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级carefulmore carefulmost carefulusefulmore usefulmost usefulpopularmore popularmost popular不规则变化的词goodwellbetterbestbadillbadlyworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolderelderoldest(指年龄大小)eldest(指长幼顺序)farfartherfurtherfarthest(指距离)furthest(指程度) 2.形容
20、词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 (形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)(1)形容词和副词比较级的用法用于两者比较,表示“比更”(than前加比较级):eg.I am two years older than my little sister.用于两者之间的同级比较,表示“和一样”( as+原级+as):eg.Bill is as funny as his father.表示甲在某方面不如乙:“A+系动词+not +asso+形容i司原级+as十B”(as/so+原级+as) eg.These books arent as interesting as those.表示某个范围内的三者相比:“the
21、+最高级+of短语(比较范围)+复数名词”eg.Penny is the tallest of these girls. .Penny是这些女孩中最高的一个。表示“越来越”:“比较级+and+比较级”eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer.在春天,白天变得越来越长。表示“越越”:“the+比较级the+比较级”eg.The mort:you practice using English,the better youll learn it你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。在比较级中,为了避免重复,可用that或those代替前面提到过的
22、事情。The pants in this shop are a lot better than those(=the pants) in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。4. adverb(adv.)副词eg. fast, quickly, badly, well, happily及频率副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too英语中副词也有两种形式:比较级和最高级 eg. fast-faster-fatest 副词可修饰动词与形容词,分别放在动词之后,形容词前。Eg:She speaks English well.He has a v
23、ery nice watch.(1)About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to (success) pull herself(2) The river was so polluted that it _ _ (actual) caught fire and burned.(3)If so, you can (simple) do some online shopping.(4)They were (extreme) close!5. pronoun(pron.)代词eg. this, that, it, she, he, I, you, they 英语中
24、代词有:人称代词,指示代词人称代词又有主格和宾格,形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 I是主格作主语,一般位于句首。my 是形容词性物主代词,用于名词前作定语:我的,如:my bookme的宾格形式,位于动词后作宾语,如:Do you understand me?你懂我吗?mine 是名词性物主代词,相当于my+名词的意义It is mine=it is my book. Mine is missing=my pen is missing.主格IyouhesheItwethey宾格mehimheritusthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisitsourYourtheir名词性物主代词min
25、eYourshersoursyoursTheirs带有反身代词的常用短语。 teach oneself自学 help oneself to随便吃些吧learn.by oneself自学 enjoy oneself过得愉快不定代词(1)each每个各个”(强调个体)(2)every每个各个”(强调全体)(3)both表示两者“都”(强调全体)(4)all“全体大家一切”用于三者以上(5)either“两者之一”,用于两者(强调个体)(either of)(6)neither“两个都不”,用于否定两者。(neither of)(7)none“没有一个人物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词(none
26、 of+可数名词)(8)one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人,以免重复;复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人(9)few(+复数名词),little(+不可数名词)表示“没多很少”(表否定)。afew(+复数名词),alittle(+不可数名词)表示“有一些有几个”(表肯定)。(10)1. onethe other 表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个另一个” 2. one another 表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另个”。3. one the others 强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。 4. some the others 表“一部分”与“其余的全部”。疑问代词(1)whowhom谁(指人).(2)whose谁的(作定语)(3)which哪一个,哪一些(指人或物)(4)what什么(指物)6. preposition(prep.)介词eg. in, on, by, at, under, behind, from, to, for, with,介词为英语中的小词,但它们
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1