自考08年试题及答案Word文件下载.docx

1、I. Reading Comprehension. （50 points, 2 points for each）Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage

2、OneWhether youre delivering a speech, approaching your boss for a raise or addressing audience on an important social occasion, do your homework. The most polished, smoothly delivered, spontaneous-sounding talks are the result of many hours of work. The memorable one-liners and moving phrases that g

3、o down in history dont come from last minute burst of inspiration.If youre making a presentation of any sort, begin preparing as far ahead of time as possible. “Good writing,” says Harvard University historian Richard Marius, “is a kind of wrestling with thought.” Begin the wrestling match early. Tw

4、o days before your presentation is usually too late to go into the ring and come up with a winning idea.Prepare yourself as well as your material, giving special attention to your voice. A shrill, nasal tone strikes your listener like chalk screeching on a blackboard. By putting energy and resonance

5、 into your voice, you will have a positive effect. If your voice is timid or quivers with nervousness, you sense it, the audience hears it, and you see discomfort in their eyes. With energy and enthusiasm in your voice, the listeners say ahhh, tell me more. You read approval.Like your voice, your ap

6、pearance is a communication tool. For example, if you are animated, you are most likely to see animated listeners. You give the audience the message: Im glad Im here; Im glad youre here.However, dont ever assume that an audience, an interviewer, your boss will be sympathetic. Always be prepared for

7、a grilling. Think beforehand of the ten toughest questions you could get and be ready with your answers. And remember, when youre asked a hostile question, never show hostility to your questioner. If you do, you lose.While the hostile questioner is talking, prepare your response. Take a positive tac

8、k immediately, and make your answer short. The instant the interviewer finishes the question, begin the answer: first point, second point, third point.bingo, your conclusion.The way you listen gives messages about you too. Listen with interest, focusing your eyes on the speaker. If he or she is sitt

9、ing next to you, angle your body slightly in the chair so that youre turned toward the person. Animate your face with approval. It says, Im with you, Im interested in what youre saying. Once youre prepared for a situation, youre 50 per cent of the way toward overcoming nervousness. The other 50 per

10、cent is the physical and mental control of nervousness: adjusting your attitude so you have confidence, and control of yourself and your audience.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The methods that one can use to let people agree with him or her in a s

11、peech. B. How to make ones voice and appearance pleasant when one gives speeches. C. The importance of preparation before one talks to people on formal occasions. D. How to overcome anxiety when one talks to the audience on formal occasions.2. “One-liners” （Para. 1） are _. A. well-written articles B

12、. excellent speeches C. single witty sentences D. unforgettable phrases3. By saying “like chalk screeching on a blackboard” （Para. 3）, the author _. A. refers to the feeling an unpleasant voice arouses in the audience B. points out that one needs to use chalk to write on the blackboard C. means that

13、 one should speak loud enough for all audience to hear D. stresses that one must put energy and resonance into his or her voice4. When asked a hostile question, one should_. A. answer quickly and briefly B. ignore the question totally C. defend himself or herself firmly D. respond smartly and pleasa

14、ntly5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. One should look out for tough questions from an audience beforehand. B. One should spend a lot of time preparing before talking to an audience. C. If one looks active and vigorous, the audience will respond accordingly. D. If one

15、 makes a thorough preparation he wont be nervous at all in a speech.Passage TwoSoccer might be the most popular sport in the world, but for decades, Americans have managed to resist its charm. Their attention has been focused, of course, on the big three American sports: baseball, football and baske

16、tball. And while soccer is rapidly gaining popularity among younger Americans, the older generation remains detached from the game, even when the rest of the world is glued to TV screens watching the 2006 World Cup matches.Its not as though soccer is a stranger to American shores. The U.S. national

17、soccer team played in the first World Cup in 1930. But from the start, the game had an image for many Americans as an immigrant sport. Still soccer began to attract more attention in the United States after the 1974 World Cup.The following year, the country got its first professional soccer teams, w

18、ith the launch of the North American Soccer League. The New York Cosmos became the leagues flagship franchise when it acquired a stellar roster of players from 16 different countries, including the Brazilian soccer legend Pele, the high-scoring Italian great Georgio Chinagalia, and German superstar

19、Franz Beckenbauer. By 1977, attendance at American soccer games had grown to a record 62,000.Peppe Pinton, a veteran soccer player and the executive director of the Cosmos soccer camps, likes to recall those golden days when American fans packed the stadiums to watch some of the worlds best soccer p

20、layers most of them playing on the same team. “Americans are used to watch winners,” Pinton says. “Americans are used to watch superstars, great players in all sports, and they are not settling for inferiority. The Cosmos team was not successful in the early years, but it was successful when those p

21、layers came here.”People lined up to get into the stadium like they would line up to get into a popular restaurant, Pinton says. “People attracted people. And the Cosmos made this happen all over the U.S.,” he says. “It drew record crowds in Seattle, in Miami, in Tampa, Boston, in Chicago and then t

22、hey went all over the world. They went even into China when nobody was reaching China those years.”But for 40 years, the U.S. was unable to qualify for World Cup games because most of the players on its soccer teams were not American citizens. Finally, in 1990, with enough home-grown or naturalized

23、players on its rosters, the U.S. was able to field a World Cup team.Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.6. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. The U.S. has been playing in World Cup for 20 years. B. Soccer is not one of the top spectator sports in the U.S.

24、C. Many players on Americas soccer team were foreigners. D. More and more young people in the U.S. are enjoying soccer.7. Which is true about the New York Cosmos? A. It was established in 1975. B. It played in the 1974 World Cup. C. It was a great success in mid- 1970s. D. It broke a sport record in

25、 the late 1970s.8. It is suggested that more and more Americans will watch soccer if_. A. their team plays in the World Cup B. there are superstar players in their teams C. there is greater promotion of the sport D. more matches are arranged in their country9. Which year is the most glorious time fo

26、r soccer in the U.S.? A. 1974. B. 1977. C. 1990. D. 2006.10. “Field” （Para. 6） has the closest meaning to which of the following? A. To sponsor a team. B. To host a sports event. C. To provide a game venue. D. To send players to a game.Passage ThreeMany Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exagg

27、erated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be li

28、ttered with people lying here and there.”Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides. He says,

29、 “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally producedchemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by

30、 the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University, “Weve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the din

31、ner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though mos

32、t people will withstand the small amount of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some lon