人教新课标版高考第一轮复习必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes 知识点总结文档格式.docx

1、句中looking for.是现在分词短语作 状语。现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作 。2.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子失去了父母。 此处leave表示“ ”，其后通常接复合宾语，即宾语加形容词、过去分词、现在分词、介词（短语）等作宾语补足语。3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所。 是定语从

2、句。关系代词whose引导定语从句时，whose在从句中充当定语，whose指人，也可指物。4.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队 组织人员挖出被困者，掩埋死者。 the dead意为“ ”。“ ” 常表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词要用形式。5.The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.当地震发生的时候，这个人正在楼下睡觉。 此处when为并列连词，意为“ ”，前面分句常用 时态。导练互

3、动重点单词1.ruin In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in .（回归课本P26） 观察思考 The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin. 银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。 My new shoes got ruined in the mud. 我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。归纳总结 ruin 。be in ruins成为废墟 be the ruin of成为毁灭（堕落）的原因 bring sb.to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产 come/fall to/int

4、o ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉 ruin oneself自取灭亡 ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 易混辨异destroy, ruin, damage, break, spoil （1）destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。（2）ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。（3）damage是程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。（4）break是“破坏，打破，打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可

5、用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。（5）spoil破坏，糟蹋，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使事物不再具有原先的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。即学即用 （1）大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。 The heavy rain . （2）多年的战事已使伊拉克满目疮痍。 Years of fighting has left Iraq .2.injure Two thirds of them died or were during the earthquake.（回归课本P26） 易混辨异 hurt, injure, harm, woun

6、d （1）hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害；作不及物动词，意为“（身体某部位）疼痛”。指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用，但若指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。（2）injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。（3）harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其指不道德的事情。（4）wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，尤指在战场上受伤。（1）在这次长途车撞

7、车事故中，有10人死亡，18人重伤。 In the coach crash 10 people died and 18 . （2）在战争中，受伤的远比死亡的人多。 In a war there are than killed. （3）不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免伤害眼睛。 Dont by reading in dim light.3.burst In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and .（回归课本P26） The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the

8、29th Beijing Olympic Games caused bursts of applause. 在第29届北京奥运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现赢得了阵阵掌声。 She was bursting to tell him the good news. 她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。burst 。burst out突然迸发；爆发 burst out doing sth.（=burst into+ n. ）突然起来 be bursting to do sth.渴望；急着要做（某事）burst in/into闯进，突然破门而入 burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲

9、绝/乐不可支 （1） John working hard his lost time, his mother burst laughing. A. Seen; to keep up with; into B. Seeing; to make up; out C. Having seen; to catch up with; D. On seeing; to make up for;（2）She into tears the moment she knew she had failed that exam. A. burst B. broke C. shocked D. cried 4.shoc

10、k People were .（回归课本P26） I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她的死讯十分震惊。 I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。 The news of his death was a shock to us. 他的死讯令我们震惊。shock 。with/from shock由于震惊 a shocking accident令人吃惊的事故 come as a shock to sb.令某人大吃一惊 in a state of shock惊魂未定 suff

11、er from shock休克 be shocked at对感到吃惊 be shocked to do深感意外地去做 （1）他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。 The news of his wifes death was him.（2）看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。He her smoking.5.judge Your speech was heard by a group of five ,all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.（回归课本P30） We judge that he is the best candidate. 我

12、们认为他是最佳人选。 The judge demanded silence in the courtroom. 法官要求法庭上要安静。judge 。（1）judge sb./ sth. from/by.从来判断 judge between right and wrong判断是非 as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为 judging by/from从上看；根据判断 Dont judge a book by its cover.勿以貌取人；勿只凭外表判断。（2）Judgment n.判断；审判；意见；判断力 in ones judgment依某人看来，按某人的看法（1）我不能

13、断定他是对还是错。 I whether he is right or wrong.（2）由天色看来，可能会放晴。 ,it may clear up.重点短语与句型6.at an end It seemed as if the world was ! （回归课本P26） The war was at an end.战争结束了。 Everything between them was at an end. 他们之间的一切都已结束。at an end意为：come to an end vi.结束（用作谓语） bring/put sth. to an end vt.结束；制止 at the end o

14、f在尽头（末）（指时间或空间）by the end of到末为止（与现在完成时连用）by the end of last.（与过去完成时连用） by the end of next.（用于将来完成时） in the end最后，终于（作状语） on end连续 to the end到底 without end没完没了的 （1）这一年已到年终了。 The year is .（2）会议结束了。 The meeting .7.the number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. The number of

15、 the students standing outside is about twenty. 有大约20个学生站在外面。 The number of students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。the number of意为：表示“许多，若干”的短语：（1）many a+（single）n.+单数谓语动词注意 （1）a number of+（pl.）n.作主语，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多，大量”。（2）the number of+（pl.）n.作主语，谓语动词用单数，表示“的数量”。（3）large quantities of+（pl.）n./

16、Un.作主语，谓语动词用复数。（4）large amounts of+Un.作主语，谓语动词用复数。A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题。We have had an enormous amount of help from people. 我们得到了人们的大力帮助。（1） children whose parents had died in the earthquake sent to live with families in other cities. A.A great number of; was B.A great number o

17、f; were C. The great number of; was D. The great number of;（2）The number of students in our school about 30,000 and them study hard. A. is; a large amount of B. are; a number of C. are; large amount of D. is; a large number of8.give out .gas that hot water （回归课本P28） Students were giving out leaflets

18、 to everyone in the street. 学生们在向街上每一个人发传单。 The red radiator gives out a lot of heat. 那个红色的散热器放出大量的热。 My money will give out soon.我的钱快要用光了。give out意为：give sth. away赠送；颁发；泄露 give back归还；恢复 give off发出，放出 give over停止，中止 give on to/onto sth.朝向，面向；通向 give up放弃 （1）The gas gave an unpleasant smell. A. off

19、B. in C. up D. away （2）Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may the shocking ending. A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off 9.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs

20、were too nervous to eat.农民们注意到水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝。一股臭气从裂缝里冒出。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。 典例体验 reply, he stared at the floor. 他眼睛盯着地面，紧张得答不上来。 It is never give up our prejudice. 抛弃偏见永远也不会太晚。too nervous to eat意思为“ ”。其中的too.to.结构，表示“太以致于不”。关于too.to.句式的用法：（1）too.to.太以致于不 （2）too.to.与not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义。not/never too.

21、to.,意为“并不太所以能”。It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，未为晚也。（3）too.to.前面有only, but, all时，only too, but too和all too相当于very,后面的不定式也表示肯定。Im only too pleased to help you.很荣幸能帮助你。We shall be only/but too delighted to have you with us. 能和你们在一起我们将感到非常高兴。（4）当too.to.用来修饰表示态度，情绪，倾向等的形容词（如anxious, eager, glad, happy

22、,pleased, ready, willing）时，不定式为肯定意义。He was too eager to know the result of his examination. 他迫切想知道考试的结果。（1）The box was （太重了，我搬不动）. （2）Im _ （太累了，什么也想不起来） now.（3）I am _ （想作一次环球旅行）.10.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ they know what theyre doing. 他们好像知道他们正在做什么。 The whole house to be em

23、pty. 整座房子似乎空荡荡的。It seems （to sb.） that/as if.意为： ，as if后边可用 语气。seem to be/like+n.似乎，好像seem to be doing sth./to have done sth.好像正在做/已经做了某事 seem （to be）+n./adj.似乎是 There seems to be.好像有（1）他们一直仿佛是要结婚似的。 they would get married. （2）我大概把书忘在家里了。 my book at home.11.Then,later that afternoon, another big qua

24、ke which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次强度几乎和第一次一样的地震在唐山爆发了。 典例体验 He doesnt speak English you. 他的英语说得不如你流利。 I got up _my father did this morning. 今天早上我和父亲起得一样早。归纳总结本句的 属于“as.as”结构，两个as的词性不一样，所以它们后面所跟的结构亦不一样。第一个as是副词，所以后面跟的是形容词或副词的 ，第二个as是连词，所以后面常跟名词、代词或从句。其否定形式为 ,

25、意为“ ”。注意 （1）第一个as是副词，如果后面接单数名词，要用“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as.”结构。John is as kind a student as me.约翰和我一样是个心地善良的学生。（2）as.as用来表示倍数的结构为“A is.times as.as B”，意为“A是B的几倍”。This playground is three times as big as that one.这个操场是那个操场的三倍大。（1）It is reported that the US uses energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B.

26、twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much（2）Exercise is as any other to lose unwanted weight. A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C .as useful a way D. such a useful way品味构词1.利用派生法，品句填词 （1）The of the island is by the unwise .（govern）（2）Do you know why the May 4th broke out? Sorry, I dont know.

27、Because at that time my family from Beijing to Hong Kong.（move） （3）The news caused great among her friends when she told them .（excite）2.利用转化法,品句解词 （1）On arrival at the station, I always beside the newspaper .（2）Just now I nothing but a in his hand. （3）She that she must have left her bag on the train