高考完形分类指导与训练Word下载.docx

1、56考点 动词 8910名词7形容词23副词1复合句介词代词并列连词二、考 情分 析： 近五年，山东高考完形填空主要是记叙文体为主，只有07年是说明文体。普遍是作者以第一人称主人公的身份讲述一个亲身经历的小故事，从而揭示一个能让大家产生共鸣的，或发人深思的，或令人震撼的人生大道理。这类文章大都有明暗两条线索。明线即故事情节的发展变化，也就是故事发生、发展、高潮、结局这一主线。暗线即主人公随着故事情节的发展变化而产生的情感历程的变化过程。因此，笔者认为理清故事发展的明暗两条线索，紧紧抓住这两条主线，想主人公所想，做主人公所做，才能提高做题的准确率。 除此之外，把握文章的篇章结构也有助于问题的有效

2、解决。一般说来，首段交代故事的时间、地点、人物等；中间段落，讲述事件的具体情况，即故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；结尾段落，故事得以升华提炼，揭示道理。 考点以实词为主，兼顾虚词，考察具体语境中词义与词汇的对应。实词的考察，名词动词占总量的2/3 ，介于13-15题；形容词副词和代词2-5题。虚词以连词、介词为主，一般1-3题。三、方法指导：完形填空题是一种集知识和能力为一体，立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。它是一种高难度的障碍性阅读题，此题旨在测试学生的综合应用语言能力，同时又检测他们的分析判断能力和连贯性思维能力。1. 首句完整 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让

3、考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。2. 语境选择 近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。 “语境能力型” 试题具有相当难度，因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。例如： （1） Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan. （2） Japan is an island country and its_ g

4、o all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch. （3） Japan is an island country and its _ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups.（4） Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people. （5）Japan is an island country and its_ go all over Japan, sending peopl

5、e to and from work. 选择项：A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains例（1）无语境限制，A, B, C, D皆可。 例（2）只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕鱼，故选A。 例（3）只有 planes 才能飞在太平洋的上空寻找鱼群，选C。 例（4）在太平洋上寻找失踪人员的应是lifeboats, 选B。 例（5）.接送人们上下班的不会是fishing boats 和lifeboats, 用planes也有 违常理，故选 D。3. 动名为主 完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。测试点往往集中于某些词

6、类。高考完形填空题考查动词（58个）、名词（46个）、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。这是因为现在的完形填空主要考察语境，而在通常情况下只有实词才能较好地体现语境。4. 难处暗示 难选之处前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们继续往下读，我们就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。5. 选材适中 近几年来的高考完型填空题材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或具有一定哲理和教育意义，夹叙夹议，以叙为主的议论文。词数在200-300之间。设空距离为10个词左右。短文内容结构严谨，逻辑性强，层次

7、分明。材料难度与高三教材相当，所选短文的英语语言符合高三学生的实际水平。 （二） 完型填空题解题技巧1 利用固定搭配解题 掌握常见的固定句型、固定词组和习惯搭配，对确定某些题目的答案很有帮助。例: Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldnt have done or something you didnt do that you should have? At one time or another we probably all have . Theres no _ _ in getting depressed about it

8、now-its no _ _ crying over spilt milk. A reason B purpose C point D result A use B help C value D benefitEx1： Once he enters the highway, he must _certain rules for his own safety. A listen to B find C follow D insist onEx2： We continue to listen to and _ ourselves of poems such as “Twinkle, twinkle

9、, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow white.A remind B inform C warn D recall 2 利用语境意义解题通过理解上下文的意思来确认答案。例 Activities and demands need to be balanced. Get rid of what is not _ when excessive demands are placed on you , say “No.” A wanted B gained C found D received Ex.1 Scienc

10、e has _ transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical. A improved B increased C solved D covered Ex2 For example, on the highway, he is required to keep a constant speed which can be compared with his _ activities

11、through his life A broken B outdoor C good D continuous3 利用并列关系解题 Ex. When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how _ or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to _it and work it through instead of running away from it. A doubtful B shameful C harmful D painful A kee

12、p B control C face D catch4 利用对比关系解题Ex1 On the other hand, things were easier in the past and it was always easy to get a job if you had friends and contacts. It is really _ today. A easier B harder C impossible D possible5 利用原词复现解题Ex1 Before setting out, I told Barret this trip would be tiring and

13、rough This _ achieved all Id expected. （天津） A interview B flight C article D trip 6 利用首句信息解题Ex1 Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability. They feel _ about it. A hopeful B hopeless C shameful D grateful7 利用语篇标志解题Ex1 Their second argument is that in our d

14、ay we didnt expect to be given jobsand that young people now dont look for jobs, but just complain about _. A future B wages C work D unemployment Ex2 Customers walk quickly through _ aisles（通道） , but they move more slowly in wide aisles and give more attention to the products. A long B short C high

15、 D narrow8 利用背景常识解题Ex1 It also can be said that he must obey certain rules of _ when living as a decent（体面的）adult. A society B school C group D highwayEx2 I got a special _ to rent fire engine hoses（消防水龙带）and connect them to nearby hydrants（消防栓） A excuse B order C permit D reason 完形填空之议论文【体裁诠释】 议论文是

16、高考完形填空中较难的文章。议论文由三个要素组成：论点、论据、论证。有着较强的说教目的和一定的语言深度。 议论文完形填空的特点：结构清晰、脉络有序。 有些议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 还有些议论文先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点。然后再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。 此外，也有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，然后通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。 抓住论点是理解议论文的关键所在。 可以从以下几个角度寻找或

17、概括中心论点：分析论点所在的位置。题目。有的文章题目本身就是中心论点；开头。有的文章在开头直接提出中心论点，然后逐层论述；中间。有的文章在论述过程中提出中心论点，这种情况较少；结尾。有的文章通过论述，在文章结尾处归纳出全文的中心论点。 论据是论点赖以存在的根据，一般分为事实论据和道理论据。阅读议论文，要学会分析论点与论据的关系、论据在证明论点时所起的作用。事实论据，应该分析作者所提供的事实，从事实中发现道理，再验证它与作者的论点的逻辑关系。道理论据，应该从道理论据出发联系和道理对应的事实，来验证这些道理如何证明论点。 要做好高考完形填空中的议论文，最主要的是要抓住作者议论的中心，也就是要理清文

18、章的论点、论据和论证。【典例探究】（2010广东卷）Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors, doors may have_ 21 _functions and purposes which lead to _22_ differences. When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different_23_ and they had distinct functions. You have

19、to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to_ 24_the building. This was new to me, because we use the _25_ door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.The way of using school bu

20、s doors was also _26_ to me .I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, _27 _who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on _ 28_ . In South Korea, we do not need to wait f

21、or people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I_ 29_tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_ 30 _ and my face went red.21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual22. A. national B.

22、embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing23. A. exits B. entrances C. signs D. doors24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close 25. A. main B. same C. front D. back26. A. annoying B. hard C. satisfying D. strange27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier29. A.

23、politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited 【跟踪演练】（一）（2011江苏省无锡市高三期中）People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 36 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas

24、of other people. Other times they begin to act without 37 ; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all of these methods 38 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 39 in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For e

25、xample, Sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 40 that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the person must 41 the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 42 the parts that are wrong.Now the

26、person must look for 43 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 44 . solutions. For example, suppose Sam 45 that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike

27、 shop, or look at his brakes carefully.After 46 the problem, the person should have 47 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 48 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes, buy new brakes and change the old ones.In the end, one 49 seems to be the solution 50 the pr

28、oblem. Sometimes the 51 idea comes quite 52 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 53 way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake. He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must 54 the brake.Finally the solution i

29、s 55 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.36Aserious Busual Csimilar Dcommon37Apractising Bthinking Cunderstanding Dhelping38Afail Bwork Cchange Ddevelop39Aways Bconditions Cstages Dorders40Aexplain Bprove Cshow Dsee41Ajudge Bfind Cdescribe Dface42

30、Acheck Bdetermine Ccorrect Drecover43Aanswers Bskills Cexplanation Dinformation44Apossible Bexact Creal Dspecial45Ahopes Bargues Cdecides Dsuggests46Adiscussing Bsettling down Ccomparing with Dstudying47Aexact Benough Cseveral Dcountless48Aonce Bagain Calso Dalone49Asuggestion Bconclusion Cdecision Ddiscovery50Awith Binto Cfor Dto51Anext Bclear Cfinal Dnew52Aunexpectedly Blate Cclearly Doft