美国俚语网文档格式.docx

1、在口语中较常见的不正式的词或表达，尤其为某一特定群体所用，如孩子、士兵、罪犯，等等1。俚语是一种非习惯用语，是粗俗的或通行面极窄的方言词，用于表达新鲜事物，或赋予旧事物新说法。它是人们在日常生活中总结出来的顺口或通俗易懂的具有地方色彩的词语，较生活化。美国的俚语是指在美国非常广泛使用的、约定俗成的口头语。俚语多是口头使用，有时还带贬义，不能跟当事人当面说，一般只能背后说。例如，警察的正规说法是police，但俚语是cop。Cop这个词带有轻蔑之意，只能大家平时私下讲，不能当面对着一个美国警察这么说。二、俚语的起源和发展 产生俚语的原因很多，如社会阶层、文化背景、人种差异、地域间隔，都可产生属于

2、某一圈内人士所讲的“行话”，也就是所谓的俚语。俚语的起源还不清楚，初见于1800年的印刷品，所载为伦敦罪犯们的行话。最初的美国俚语是吸毒者、流浪汉、黑人等下层人士使用的暗语或行话。现今俚语的主流已经不只局限于这些亚文化群，已发展为主宰美国当今文化主流的上层人士创造的俚语。那些曾经被定义为“难登大雅之堂”的美国俚语已频频出现在美剧、名报、名著、电视、网络中，甚至是美国总统的正式演说中。美剧Desperate Housewives绝望的主妇剧情贴近生活，其中口语也生动活泼，剧中用了很多很实用的流行美式俚语。例如：cost an arm and a leg是指to be very expensive

3、极其昂贵之意。因此可以说美国俚语已融入到主流文化的“血液”中。俚语在美国人的日常交谈中广泛使用。随着科技的日新月异，新事物不断涌现，大量俚语也应运而生。其中最经典的、最耳熟能详的俚语就是“cool”了，原意是“凉，凉爽”之意，现作为俚语的意思是“动人的，妙极的”。三、俚语的特征篇二：美国俚语集锦A apple-polisher 马屁精 例如：She is a real apple-polisher for the way shes crawling around the boss and making eyes at him. 她是一个马屁精，整天围着老板眉来眼去的。as busy as a

4、bee （象蜜蜂）忙忙碌碌的 as graceful as a swan （象天鹅）姿态优雅的 as gentle as a lamb （象羊羔）性情温顺的 as cunning as a fox （象狐狸）一样狡猾的 as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗 B Im beat. 我非常疲乏。beat gums 空洞无物、废话连篇的讲话 bell the cat 为众人的利益承担风险 black sheep 害群之马 Buddy, where is john？ 要上厕所?Bungee jumping 蹦极跳 Stop bugging me, man!喂，别烦我了。C bl

5、ue collar 蓝领 white collar 白领 pink collar 粉领族（指和蓝领体力工人相当的女性工人） gold-collar workers 金领族（一般都有一技之长，对公司工作的方方面面都十分了解，甚至对公司 的利润大小和收益都有直接的重要影响。他们的工作环境优雅，职业体面， 有着丰厚的收入和稳固的经济地位） D dog-eared books 读得卷了边的书 dog sleep 不时惊醒的睡眠 dog-tired 像狗一样的累dog watch 夜班 old dog 上了岁数的人、老手 a sly dog 偷鸡摸狗者 a yellow dog 杂种狗、卑鄙可耻的小人

6、a big dog 看门狗、保镖；要人 Youre a lucky dog! 你真是个幸运儿！hot dog 热狗 dog nose 啤酒与杜松子酒的混合酒 a dog in a blanket 葡萄卷饼或卷布丁 as faithful as a dog 像狗一般的忠诚，在西方文化中，狗是”忠实、卖力、辛劳”的化身， He that lies down with dogs must rise up with flea. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 A good dog deserves a good bone. 西方人论功行赏时常说”好狗应有好骨头” a a dog in the manger 占着马

7、槽（不拉屎） Honey, I forget to duck. 亲爱的，我忘记闪开了。E eat crow 由于夸大其词或过分自信，最后不得不承认错误。eat his words 食言 out at elbows 捉襟见肘 elbow ones way 用胳膊肘挤来挤去为自己开道 get a black eye 被别人打青了眼睛 mind your eye 叫别人当心 blink our eyes 眨眼睛 flash our eyes at sth. 瞟一眼 make eyes 抛媚眼 cast sheeps eye 暗送秋波 You have an eye for something. 有眼

8、光有见解 finely arched eyebrows 纤细的弓形眉 pencil the eyebrows 描眉 eyebrow pencil 眉笔 rough bushy eyebrows 浓密的粗眉 eyelash grower 睫毛膏 eyelash curler 卷睫毛器 without turning an eyelash 泰然自若，不动声色 not bat an eyelid 没合眼睡觉 not bat an eyelid 对事情泰然自若hang on by the eyelids 事情危在旦夕 F face the music 不得不接受惩罚、承担后果，必须承受出现的局面 a

9、matter of face 面子攸关的事情 lose face 丢面子 He knew he was wrong, but he would not admit it for fear of losing face. 他知道自己错了，但却不肯承认错误，因为怕失去面子。save ones face 挽回面子 pull a long face 拉长了脸 make a face at you 对你做个鬼脸 have the face 厚颜无耻 Im so surprised that you have the face to do so!你怎么有脸做出这样的事！cold fish 态度冷冰冰，没有

10、热情的人。drink like a fish 牛饮 flats 平跟鞋 footfall 客流量 We strive to show booksellers what we are doing to support them and drive footfall into their stores. 我们要努力向图书商展示我们将如何支持他们，并使更多的客人进入他们的商店。G green eyed 嫉妒 green finger（thumb）?把大伙干不好的活都干得漂漂亮亮 A person with green finger has a magic touch that makes plant

11、s grow well and quickly. 长着绿手指的人是有魔法的，只要他一碰，植物就长的又快又好。green hand 生手 Im still green at my job. 我依然是个新手。green light 允许、许可 Im only waiting for the green light from you. 我在等您的允许。green revolution 绿色革命 These developing countries produced enough food to serve their people after green revolution. 绿色革命后，这些发展

12、中国家就生产出足够的粮食来满足国民的需要。the green years 青春年华 H He is ripe in years but green in heart. 形容某人是老当益壮 lose your heart to someone 和某人谈恋爱 lack heart 缺乏勇气 win your heart 赢得你的心 broken heart 破碎的心 heart of stone 石头心肠 pour out your heart 倾吐你的心事 have a heart 可怜可怜你 his heart in the right place 他的心肠是很好的 not to wear y

13、our heart on your sleeve 不要太情绪化 Dont take the failure to your heart. 别为失败而难过 lose heart 失去信心 your heart of gold 金子般的心，美好心灵 write a letter to her and declared your heart. 写信表达爱慕之情 Dont let your heart get cold. 不要让你的热情冷却下来 a man after her own heart 正和她心意的人 put your heart at rest 放下心来 straight from the

14、 horses mouth 来自权威和可靠的消息。I I was welcomed with open arms. 我被热烈欢迎。J Jargon 行话 K keep a good house 招待周到 I havent got a good house, but Ill keep a good house. 我没有好的房子，但我会招待周到的。篇三：一日一短语之美国俚语 今日短语 只身单干Go it alone To go it alone 可形容一个人做事情自己做，没有其他人的帮忙，单干。例句 1. Now that I have enough experience, Ive decided

15、 to go it alone and start my ownbusiness. 2. Im not ready to go it alone yet. I need another few years working in this company to gain more experience. 请注意：Alone 做形容词时可表达很多意思，其中包括“某人感到孤单，孤苦伶仃的；独自的；单独的，等等。1. After she left me, I felt completely alone. 2. I enjoy being alone sometimes. 3. Just the dre

16、ss alone is going to break my bank, never mind the shoes to go with it 今日小常识 A popular saying in business circles is that you will never become rich by working for someone else. 在商界里有一个流行的说法：如果你总为别人打工，你永远也富不起来。没问题 No sweat No sweat 是一个非常口语化的表达，意思是指什么事情很容易，举手之劳，没问题。 例句 1. “Can you take the rubbish ou

17、t for me?” “Sure, no sweat!” 2. “We only have tea to drink, is that OK?” “Yeah, no sweat.” 另一个短语 to sweat blood 和 no sweat 的意思正好相反，指为了办成什么事情而做出了很大的努力，花了很多心血。1. We sweated blood to get the project done on time. Sweat allows the human body to regulate its temperature. Men sweat more than women andhuma

18、ns sweat more than most other animals. Dogs have relatively few sweat glands andmoderate their temperature by panting. 出汗是人体调节体温的正常反映。男人比女人更容易出汗，而人类比大多数动物都更容易出汗。狗的汗腺较少，它们是通过舌头喘气来调节体温。别着急 Hold your horses在英语里，我们常用 hold your horses 这个短语来告诉别人先别着急，应停下来仔细考虑他们对某件事情的看法或意见。1. Hold your horses! Youve only kn

19、own her for a week. Its waytoo soon to think about marriage!2. Hold your horses! You shouldnt quit your job just because youve had one bad day. Things might get better. 3. Hold your horses! Getting a tattoo on your face might seem like a good idea now, but youllhave to live with it for the rest of y

20、our life. To hold your own 的意思是和别人一样成功。1. It was a fierce debate but Kate really held her own. Its difficult to say who won. The history of the domestication of horses is disputed, but there is evidence that horses werebeing used as a means of transport over 4,000 years ago. 到底是从什么时候开始马被人类驯养尚存争议。但有证

21、据显示，早在四千年前马就被用来作为运输工具了。承担责任 To fall on your swordFall on your sword 的字面意思是“摔倒在自己的剑上”，实际要表达的含义是某人为一组人的行动造成的不良后果承担责任。1. He doesnt think hes to blame but hes falling on his swordanyway. 2. Shes going to resign - shes falling on her sword even though its not her fault. 3. He is the boss its only right h

22、es falling on his sword this time. 另一个意思相似的短语是 to take some flak - 受到很多批评。1. She always takes some flak for things. Even when its not her fault. The honour of a Knighthood in the United Kingdom comes from the days of medieval chivalry. TheKing or Queen touches the person who is going to be knighted

23、on the shoulders with a sword.在英国授予荣誉骑士爵位勋章源于中世纪的骑士制度。仪式的形式是在位的君主手持宝剑在授勋骑士的左右肩膀上点拍一下。再次振作起来 Second wind 当我们形容某人有 a second wind 的时候，这就是说他们恢复了精力，再次崛起或继续做什么事情。1. I usually feel a bit tired after lunch but get a second windaround 4pm. 2. Observers said Barack Obama was judged to have lost the first Pres

24、idential debate withRepublican challenger Mitt Romney, but got a second wind in the second and third debate. To throw caution to the wind 意思是把顾虑和担忧都抛在脑后，大胆的去做事。有时候也指办事欠考虑。1. Sometimes you have to throw caution to the wind and go with your heart. Do what you believein. 2. You know what? Im going to throw caution to the wind and bet all my money on thatracehorse. I think its going to win. 今日小常识美国俚语网