汉英语言比较及汉译英例句Word下载.docx

1、因此： 英语好比一棵大树；汉语好比一节节竹子；红楼梦：和尚；He bought six pens, which cost him 42 yuan. When he brought them home, he found they were all used. 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？前途是光明的，道路是曲折的；While the prospects are bright, the road ahead has twists and turns;has zigzags; tortous这是一项宏伟的工程，所有类似的工程与之相比都黯然失色；It is a gigantic project befo

2、re which all similar projects pale significantly;典型的例子就是连词：so. that 和 when.1. What was the forbidden city in Beijing like? It was so interesting that I went several times. 北京的紫禁城是个什么地方？它是如此有趣以至我去参观了好几次；When 也不是总译成当.时候. 甚至大部分时间不译成“当时候”有时甚至出现：“当他转过身来看见我手里握着那根上面刻着亨利.史密斯的名字的旧鱼竿的时候.” 这样的怪句子；2汉语：远看山有色，近听水

3、无声，春去花还在，人来鸟不惊；英语： When you look afar, the mountains are green and clear;But no sound of stream is heard when listening near.The flowers remain in full bloom when springs away,A human beings approach the bird doesnt fray.汉语是婴儿语言；（1） 隐含条件从句的意合早知今日，何必当初；If I had known it would come to this, I would ha

4、ve acted differently.（2）隐含结果从句的意合；He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.他说得太快，我们不能理解他的意思；It was so cold that the river froze. 天气寒冷，河水都结冰了；It couldnt make out who he was as I only saw his back;我只见到他的背影，认不清是谁；（3）隐含转折的意合：江山易改，本性难移；It is easy to change rivers and mountains but har

5、d to change a persons nature. 三 英汉两种语言句型具体区别及翻译中的应用：核心区别： 汉语：并列型 coordination, 表面上是没有主次之分的； 英语：从属型 subordination， 一定是有主次之分的；Eg.7 将国有企业提供社会保障待遇与雇佣关系脱钩，这将有助于使国企经理在作出商业决策时不用考虑政府对社会问题的顾虑，同时还可使员工在调动工作不用担心失去社会福利待遇，这就能够提高劳动力的流动性。De-linking social security benefits from employment in SOEs will help separate

6、 the commercial decision of managers from the social concerns of the government and will improve labor mobility by allowing workers to switch jobs without fear of losing their benefits. 随着中国的经济改革继续进行，中国政府面临的最大挑战有可能是从直接干预产品和金融市场转向提供机构和政策架构，从而促进市场能够高效运作。根据这种治理“理念”的变化，体制改革将成为促进经济进一步发展的核心。As China conti

7、nues its economic transition, perhaps the biggest challenge for the government will be to move away from direct intervention in product and financial markets towards providing the institutional and policy frameworks which help markets work efficiently. With this shift of governance “philosophy”, str

8、uctural reform will be the key to further economic progress.只有坚决地系统地进行改革，城市经济才能兴旺繁荣，才能适应对内搞活，对外开放地需要，真正起到应有的主导作用，推动整个国民经济的发展。Firm, systematic reform is the only way that cities will play their due leading role in invigorating the urban economy and enlivening the domestic economy as well as opening t

9、o the outside world and promoting a healthier and faster development of the national economy as a whole.1 英语名词、介词占优势：Eg1. The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is worsened by the paucity of the information media;Eg2. The west street runs westward

10、, across a great black bridge, up a hill and down again, by little meat market, past single-storied home, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.抽象名词的用法：2. The delight of the children at the sight of some dish on the table showed that it was a rarity;3This hotel is a massive effort of sto

11、ne4. She is a valuable acquisition to the firm;1998年3月，由于预计中国加入世界贸易组织后将出现愈发激烈的竞争以及国有企业困境重重，朱总理制订了一个大胆的宏伟目标，即在三年左右时间内大幅提高国有企业的盈利能力。 In march 1998, with the prospect of increasingly cutthroat competition following Chinas entry into（accession to） the WTO, and with the predicament（plight） of the SOEs so

12、 dire, the then Premier Zhu Rongji set an ambitious goal of substantially restoring SOE profitability in just three years. These measures include:increased prices, a total ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship, strong counter-advertising, better access to quitting methods, smoke-free areas and

13、controls on smuggling.2汉语动词占优势： 汉语多用流水句，一个小句接一个小句；（因而： 在翻译时，英译汉中多将名词、介词转换成动词，而汉译英则多将动词转换成名词或介词） goal 3句子重心： 英文句子往往将重心放在前面，而将各种背景情况后置。先谈主观情况，再谈跟主观有关的客观情况，最后再谈其他有关情况。 汉语则相反：往往从头说起，逐点交代，不允许颠三倒四。Eg5. 重心比较： “他使我认识到，我从他那里学到的，远远不只是知识，这是他最大的贡献。 His chief contribution was to make me realize how much more tha

14、n knowledge I had been learning from him. Eg5 随着中国和他国在技术方面的差距的缩小，赶超效应对发展的贡献会有所减弱；随着中国不断发展，经济回报率递减的规律将会发挥作用；The “catch-up” dividend will fade as Chinas Technology gap with other countries narrows;The law of “diminishing economic returns will start to set in asEg5如何建立一个健全的法人治理体系多数观察家都认为，如果将政府在国有企业中的所有

15、权权益与商业决策进行分离，并提供内部激励措施和监督体制从而使管理层按照股东利益行事，那么中国就有可能取得巨大的生产力增长。how to build a sound corporate governance:Most observers agree that, in the case of China, substantial productivity gains are possible by separating the governments ownership interests in SOEs from commercial decisions, and by providing in

16、ternal incentives and oversight mechanisms so management acts in the interests of shareholders. 4英语是主语显著型语言，汉语是主题型语言；因为汉语重意念，句子强调的是意义。有很多无主语句（subjectless sentences）。而英语句子建构在形式主轴上，强调句子结构完整和严密，句子需要主语和谓语。因而：英语中There be 句型与虚词it 结构使用得比较广泛；5. 静态和动态我担心他会误解我I am afraid of his misunderstanding me;He admires

17、the presidents stated decision to fight for the job;总统申明为保住其职位而决心奋斗，他表示钦佩；5英语：多用物称； 多用人称；.消息灵通人士猜测，中央银行正在考虑进行重大金融改革；Informed guesswork suggests that major financial reforms are being considered by the central bankWitness, see, Manned spaceshipIt came to him mind;It occurs to him.Techniques of Transl

18、ation: 钱歌川（1）Alarm began to take possession of him;（2） His weariness and the increasing heat determine him to sit down in the first convenient shade;（3）. Improved housing has also contributed to a sharpened sense of aesthetics;6 英语： 不耐得重复； 耐得重复；Yes, I do.Harvard is a world-renown university. This in

19、stitution has extensive exchanges with the Chinese academic community.Bejing, the capital, the ancient city, the host city of 2008 Olympic四 词义区别：1英语：词义灵活，含义广泛；词义较固定；2汉语词义更笼统英语词义更准确；3汉语缺乏英文的抽象名词；4 英语近来词义多用词类转换；名词做动词；mirrorChair bridge; weathering.; house;CEO mules his plan;Axe cost; headed for; eye;

20、nose around; watering;Lip;Mirror; embody; mimic; ape;Storm out 五 汉译英中句法处理：（1）汉译英中最重要的原则就是：化零为整、由隐变显：因为汉语句子形散神聚，语义内涵隐藏在句子中而不明示，所以我们需要化零为整、由隐变显。译文中一定要体现出英文的从属性：流程：1精确透彻地分析原文语义逻辑关系，找准语义重心2理解原文中语义重心与其他各分句间的逻辑语义关系，分清主次；3将译文SV主干定在原文语义重心之上4将原汉语次要部分各分句按英语的各种语法手段分别有机地挂连在这一SV主干上，完成全句空间搭架；为了进一步扩大对外开放，加快招商引资步伐，

21、促进我市经济持续、快速、健康发展，根据上级有关规定，结合我市实际，经市委、市政府研究，现就鼓励外商来本市投资提出如下意见。With a view to expanding the opening-up and accelerating the foreign investment promotion so as to bring about in the city an economic development in a steady, fast and healthy way, the Municipal Party Committee and the Government have, ac

22、cording to relevant stipulations documented by higher authorities and taking into consideration the actual conditions of the city, put forward after discussion the proposals for encouraging the foreign investments as follows.亚洲经济是世界经济的重要组成部分，亚洲经济经历了蓬勃发展，为世界经济增添了新的活力，为国际贸易投资开辟了巨大的市场。Asia, a major com

23、ponent of the world economy, has witnessed robust economic growth which has in turn instilled vitality into the world economy and has opened vast markets for intl trade and investment.亚洲是一个有着悠久历史和重要地位的大洲,她是人类文明的摇篮之一，对人类文明的进步和科学文化的发展作出过辉煌的贡献。Asia, a vast continent with a long history and increasing s

24、trategic importance, is one of the cradles of human civilization and has made brilliant contributions to human progress and scientific and cultural development. 要着眼于搞好整个国有经济，抓好大的，放活小的，对企业实施战略性改组。Aiming at improving the state sector of the economy as a whole, we shall effectuate a strategic reorganiz

25、ation of state-owned enterprises by well managing large enterprises while adopting a flexible policy towards small ones. （by maintaining control over larger businesses while selling off smaller ones）. Eg2. 人间仙境“桃花源”，位于湖南省常德市西南40公里处，南倚武陵，北倚远水，要居湖南省诸风景名胜区之枢纽，系湖南省十大风景名胜区之一。Version1: The land of peach B

26、lossoms, which is suited about 40 km to the southeast of Changde City, Hunan province, has the Wuling Mountains towering over at its south and the Yuan river flowing by at its north. The thoroughfare runs through the land. It is a pivot of the scenic spots and the one of the famous ten regions of sc

27、enery in Hunan Province.Version 2: Taohuayuan（land of peach Blossoms）, located about 40 kilometers to the southwest of Changde city, is among ten well-known scenic spots in Hunan province. It is a thoroughfare to the other nine places, with Mount Wulin on the south, the Yuan river on the north, and

28、the national roads through its areas. Eg3. 在投资环境不断改善的条件下，对外商投资要坚持竞争择优的原则，按国际惯例和建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求，创造条件，逐步实行国民待遇。With the investment environment further improved, we should persist in the principle of selecting the best from the investors in competitions for the foreign investment by creating favorable

29、conditions according to international practices and the requirements of establishing a socialist marketeconomy to carry gradually on the treating Chinese and foreign investment alike. （2）汉语动词连贯句与英语逻辑主次关系： 汉语中有不少句子中由一连串动词短语可以连续排列组合成句，尽管各动词间动作有主次先后之分，但形态上却无标识。而翻译时应该将各个动词间分出一定的主次关系。过去一年，全国人民按照“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”的方针，团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就In the past one year, guided by the principle of the “seizing the current opportunity