必修一第四单元Word格式文档下载.docx

1、For a while一会儿 pay back归还；报复 at weekends在周末 Put up修建；张贴；住宿 get away from摆脱 in exchange for作为的交换知识讲解1. compare的用法compare A with B把A和B相比较compare A to B把A比作BThe police compared the suspects fingerprints with those found at the crime scene.Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.【拓展】Compared with/to.

2、.和相比较Beyond/past/without compare /comparison无与伦比Make a comparison between A and B把A和B相比较In/by comparison比较起来In comparison with 相比较学法点拨：关于compare的考查，一要注意compare.，. with与compare to的区别和比较；二要关注compare的非谓语形式在句中作状语时，选用哪种非谓语形式，解题关键是找出compare与句子主语之间的逻辑关系。Comparing this book with that one, youII find this on

3、e more interesting. compared with that book, this book is more interesting.2.高考中的固定句型It is/has been+时间段十since十一般过去时（从句中的动作是短暂性的）意为“自从至今已经多久了”。“It is/has been+时间段+ since十一般过去时”（从句中的动作是延续性的）意为“自从不至今已经多久了”。法点拨：此句式中，确定since从句中的动词是短暂性动词还是延续性动是能否正确理解句意的关键所在It is two Years since my elder brother joined the

4、 army我哥哥参军已两年了。It is two years since my father smoked.我爸爸已戒烟（不抽烟）两年了。【链接】It is/was/will be + time + before.过了要过多长时间才It is/was+时间点+ when.做某事是在某具体的时间It is/was +时间状语+ that是在什么时间做的某事（强调句型）It will be two weeks before he recovers.他需要两周的时间才能恢复。It was six oclock when we got home last night.It was at six ocl

5、ock that we got home last night.This/It is the first/second其他序数词last+ time+ that从句，意思是“这是（某人）第一二最后一次”，其中that引导定语从句，that在口语中常被省略。This is the third time this week that he has been late for work.That was the last time that he had seen her.那是他最后一次看见她。3.One of the + 复数名词 +定语从句 定语从句修饰的先行词若是复数名词，且引导定语从句的关系

6、代词作定语从句的主语，谓语动词要相应地使用复数形式。He is one of the workers who have received the prize.但是在“the only/best/very one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句修饰的先行词不是复数名词而是one，所以引导定语从句的关系代词若作定语从句的主语，谓语动词要相应地使用单数形式。She is the only one of the teachers that/who has received the prize.He is the only one of the students that/who

7、was admitted to Beijing University in our school.误法点拨：学习此类主谓一致的知识，关键是看one是单独使用还是被the only/just/best等修饰。若单独使用，则定语从句的先行词为“复数名词”，从句动词用复数。若被the only/just/best等修饰，则定语从句先行词为one，此时从句谓语动词用单数。4. Approach （1）v靠近或接近；着手处理As you approach the town, youll see the college on the left.（2） n .方法；靠近，接近；人口，通路；要求，请求AlI

8、the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.5.remain （1） 剩余；遗留After the fire, very little remained of the building.（2）留待以后去看、去做、去说等（后接动词不定式的被动式）It remains to be seen whether you are right.（3）t亭留；逗留；留下I didnt remain long in the city（4）t仍然是；保持不变After a long walk, he remained energetic.remain后可

9、接nadj./to be done/介词短语现在分词过去分词从句，在高考中多次考查。如：2006年浙江高考考查remain to be done结构，2007年山东高考，2008年辽宁高考，2009年四川高考都考查了remain（保持某种状态），且考查的语境完全一致，都是考查remain seated，应引起足够重视。6.Without 没有的情况下，可表示隐含的条件，引出虚拟条件句。The ship would have sunk with all on board without the captains iron will.Without your help ,l wouldnt hav

10、e got there on time.举一反三总结知识：除without外，可以用来表示隐含条件的单词和词组还有：or，otherwise，but，however，with，but for及相关的不定式短词和词组还有：or, otherwise，but, however, with , but for及相关的不定式短语、名词短语等。大家在学习时一定要记住这些表隐含条件的单词和词组。He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise, he would have come to the party.But for your help ,l wouldnt have pa

11、ssed the exam.单项选择1.（2009重庆高考）Michaels new house is like a huge palace, with his old one.A.comparing B.comparesC. to compare D. compared剖析：句意：和老房子比起来，迈克尔的新房子简直像一座大宫殿。Compared with是固定短语，意为“与比起来”。2. with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.ACompare B. When comparing

12、 CComparing D. When comparedwhen compared with. . . . . =when it is compared with. . .；此处可x直接用固定短语compared with/ to作状语，表示“与比起来”，而B、C两项中comparmg与主语之间的逻辑关系讲不通。答案：D3.（安徽高考）That was really a splendid evening. Its years I enjoyed myself so muchA. When B. that C. before D. since后句句意：多年没有玩得这么快活了。Slnce从句后跟延

13、续I 性动词，表示该动作的结束。又如：Its three years since I smoked. （自从）我戒烟已经三年了。4.（山东高考）It was some time we realized the truth.A. When B. until C. since D. beforeit is/was/will be + -段时间 + before“过一段时间才。”，表示某一动作从现在起到将来某时刻之前的这一段时间的总和，也可指某一动作从过去某时刻起直到另一过去时刻之前的若干时间。5.（2011上海浦东模拟）Is it the first time that you the World

14、 Expo with your family? A. visit . B. had visited C. visited D. have visited这是你第一次与家人一起参观世博会吗? This/lt is . the first/second. . . time that句型用现在完成时。答案：6.He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.A. Is Bare C. have been D. has been本题定语从句中谓语动词的单复数取决于who修饰的先行词。 由于句中

15、出现了the only one of the students，先行词是the only one而不是students，所以谓语动词用单数。因受for three years的限制，故使用现在完成时。：7.（湖北高考）At the meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.A. Approaches B. meansC.Methods D. ways8.（辽宁高考）Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and .A.I was

16、neitherB. neither was IC.I was eitherD. either was I表示“某人也不。Oo”时，应该用“neither/nor +助动词连系动词be情态动词+主语”。各繁：B9.（福建高考）-lts burning hot today, isnt it?-Yes. yesterday .A. So was it B. So it wasC.So it is D.So is itSo was it yesterday.意为：昨天也是这样。So it was yesterday. 意为：昨天的确这样。从句意来看应选A项。案：A10.（2011陕西高考）l thro

17、ugh that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have gone Bdidnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone割r:由without your generous help可知，此处考查的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故选A项。11.（2009 .福建高考）But for the help of my English teacher, l the first prize n the English Writing Competition.A. Would not winB. would not

18、have wonCwould winD. would have won本句中but for引出虚拟的条件，句子用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，且结合题意可知B项正确。语法讲解1 现在完成时的基本概念和构成，现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在有关系，即用一个过去的动作来说明现在的情况。其构成如下：（肯定）主语+have/has +过去分词（否定）主语十have/has not +过去分词（疑问）Have/Has +主语+过去分词？（否定疑问）“Havent/Hasnt +主语十过去分词？”或“Have/Has +主语+ not+过去分词？”（被动语态）主语十have/has + been

19、 +过去分词2 现在完成时的基本用法（1） 表示动作在说话前已经完成（未指出动作发生或完成的确切时间），但对现在产生某种影响。You neednt say anything about her.l have met her once before.（2） 表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since +点时间状语（名词、短语、从句）”或“for +段时间状语），连用。在句型“It/This is the first.last time + that从句”中，从句用现在完成时。We have lived here since 1994.自1994年以来我们一直

20、住在这里。 I （3）在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.直到公交车停下了才能下车。He.will come as soon as he has finished his work.他一做完工作就会来。3 现在完成时的时间状语（1） 现在完成时说明的是现在的情况，因此不能和过去某一具体的时间连用，如：Yesterday，last +时间名词，时间名词+ ago，in+过去的时间等。（2） 现在完成时常和不确定的时间副词连用，如：already，often，never，ever,always, yet, n

21、ot. . . yet, before, so far, by now, up to now, till now等 。The little girl has never been to Beijing.（3） 现在完成时可以和包含“现在”概念的时间状语连用，如：recently，now，today，this+时间名词。Their conditions have improved recently.4-般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较：（1）-般过去时所涉及的是过去发生的动作，与现在无联系，常带有表示过去某个时间的状语；现在完成时所涉及的是过去发生的事情与现在的影响和联系，对现在产生的某种结果；现

22、在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，译成汉语时常常带有“已经了”或“了”的含义。We have visited a school.我们参观了一所学校。（说明现在对学校有所了解）We visited a school last week.（3） 现在完成时与for或since引导的短语连用时，表示从过去开始的某一动作或状态延续至今；而一般过去时与“for十一段时间”连用时，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。Weve stayed here for three weeks.（3）-般过去时常带有表示过去某时刻的时间状语，如：yesterday，last year/ month/week/nigh

23、t,in 1980等 。-When did you come?-I came the day before yesterday. -（4，现在完成时的时间状语包含说话时在汐，如：today, this week/month/year，these days/years，或与说话时非常接近，如：recently，just，in /during the past three years;而一般过去时的时间状语与现在相隔离，如：yesterday，last year,in the 1900s等 。Great changes have taken place in the last ten years.

24、终止性动词与其意义相对应的状态性短语在时态上的异同点：1 终止性动词短语表示到说话时已完成的动作时，需用完成时；用状态性短语时，则用一般时。He has fallen ill. = He is ill.他病了。终止性动词用于完成时，不表示延续概念，不能与表示延续概念的“for+段时间”的时间状语连用，而与其意义相对应的状态性短语则可以。He has died. （x/ ）Has-died for several years. （ x ）He has been dead for several years.（ ）I 单项填空1. The old couple have been married

25、for 40 years and never once with each other.A. They had quarreled B. they have quarreledC.Have they quarreled D. had they quarreled2.She has set a new record. That is, the sales of her latest book 50 million.A. have reached B. has reachedC. are reaching D. had reached3. What do you think of the coff

26、ee? -lt doesnt taste like what l I before.A. tasted B. have ever tastedC. was tasting D.had ever tasted4. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in the past years.A. discovered B. have discoveredC.had been discovered D. have been discovered5.-How are you today? -Oh,l as ill a

27、s I do now for a very long . time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feelingC. dont feel D. havent felt6.-How long _ at this job? -Since 1990.A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employed7. With the rapid growth of population, the city in all directions in the past

28、 five years.A. spreads B. has spreadC.spread D.had spread8.How can you possibly miss the news? It on TV all day long.A.has been Bhad beenC. was D . will be9. Every possible means to prevent the crash, but the computer still doesnt work.A. is used B. are usedC. has been used D. have been usedIo.So fa

29、r this year we a fall in house Prices by between 5 and lO percent.A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seen11. Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic .A.had changed B.will changeB. Was changed D. has been changed12.By the time he realizes he into a trap, itII be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walks B. walkedC. has walked D. had walked 13. Danny hard for long to realize his dreamAnd now he is popular.A.works B.is workin