educational system in canada加拿大教育体系Word格式文档下载.docx

1、Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province.17Education in Canada is generally divided intoprimary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. Within the provinces under the ministry of education, there are district school boards admi

2、nistering the educational programs.18Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in Canada, except for Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory age is 18, or as soon as a high school diploma has been achieved. In some provinces early leaving exemptions can be grant

3、ed under certain circumstances at 14. Canada generally has 190 （180 in Quebec） school days in the year, officially starting from September （afterLabour Day） to the end of June （usually the last Friday of the month, except in Quebec when it is just before June 24 the provincial holiday）.Canada-wideed

4、itElementary, secondary, and post-secondary education inCanadais a provincial responsibility and there are many variations between the provinces. Some educational fields are supported at various levels by federal departments. For example, theDepartment of National Defenceincludes theRoyal Military C

5、ollege of Canada, while the Department ofIndian and Northern Affairs Canadais responsible for the education ofFirst Nations.1920Vocational training can be subsidized by the Learning branch of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada （a federal department）.2122231950 Canadian School Train. Pupil

6、s attend classes atNemegosnearChapleau, Ontario.About one out of ten Canadians does not have a high school diploma one in seven has a university degree the adult population that is without a high school diploma is a combination of both immigrant and Canadian-born. In many places, publicly funded hig

7、h school courses are offered to the adult population. The ratio of high school graduates versus non diploma-holders is changing rapidly, partly due to changes in the labour market that require people to have a high school diploma and, in many cases, a university degree. Majority of Schools 67% perce

8、nt are co-Ed.Canada spends about 5.4% of itsGDPon education.12The country invests heavily in tertiary education （more than 20 000 USD per student）.24Since the adoption ofsection 23of theConstitution Act, 1982, education in bothEnglishandFrenchhas been available in most places across Canada （if the p

9、opulation of children speaking the minority language justifies it）, although French Second Language education/French Immersion is available to anglophone students across Canada.According to an announcement of Canadian Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Canada is introducing a new, fast-track s

10、ystem to let foreign students and graduates with Canadian work experience become permanent eligible residents in Canada.25Most schools have introduced one or more initiatives such as programs in Native studies, antiracism, Aboriginal cultures and crafts; visits by elders and other community members;

11、 and content in areas like indigenous languages, Aboriginal spirituality, indigenous knowledge of nature, and tours to indigenous heritage sites.26Although these classes are offered, most appear to be limited by the area or region in which students reside. The curriculum is designed to elicit develo

12、pment and quality of peoples cognition through the guiding of accommodations of individuals to their natural environment and their changing social order27Finally, some scholars view academics as a form of soft power helping to educate and to create positive attitudes.,28although there is criticism t

13、hat educators are merelytelling students what to think, instead of how to think for themselves.293031Furthermore, subjects that typically get assessed （i.e., language arts, mathematics, and science） assume greater importance than non-assessed subjects （i.e., music, visual arts, and physical educatio

14、n） or facets of the curriculum （i.e., reading and writing versus speaking and listening）.32The students in the Canadian school system receive a variety of classes that are offered to them. The system is set up to meet the diverse needs of the individual student.Divisions by religion and languageedit

15、The Constitution of Canada provides constitutional protections for some types of publicly funded religious-based and language-based school systems.TheConstitution Act, 1867contains a guarantee for publicly funded religious-basedseparate schools, provided the separate schools were established by law prior to the province joining Confederation. Court cases have established that this provision did not apply toNova Scotia,New Brunswick,Manitoba,British Columbia, andPrince Edward Island, since those provinces did n