1、下渗(入渗) infiltration稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力 infiltration capability河川径流 river runoff降雨径流 rainfall runoff暴雨径流 storm runoff融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流 dry season runoff基流 base flow阴塞高压 blocking high低空急流 lowlevel jet低涡 vortex反气旋(高压) anticyclone气旋(低压) cyclone热带气旋 tropic cyclone热带低压 tropic depression热带风暴
2、tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm气团 air mass锋(锋面) front气象 meteorology气候区划 climatic regionalization气候带 climatic zone小气候 microclimate副热带(亚热带)subtropic zone比湿 specific humidity蒲福风级 Beaufort wind scale霜点 frost point霜冻 frostbite无霜期 frostfree period流域 watershed (basin)闭合流域 enclosed basin不闭合流域 nonenclo
3、sed basin闭流区(内流区) bling drainage area分水线(分水岭) divide流域几何特征 basin geometric characteristics河道复流(河道再生) resurgence常年河 perennial stream间歇河 intermittent stream悬河(地上河) elevated stream夺流河(断头河) captured river盈水河 gaining stream亏水河 losing stream暴洪河流 flashy stream界河 boundary river废河道(古河道) dead river凹岸 concave
4、bank凸岸 convex bank岸壁 land wall水边线(岸线) water line堤防 levee河长 river length河弯 river bend弯曲率 tortuosity航道 navigable channel河段 reach潜洲 submerged bar水利学 hydraulics明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics水静力学 hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamics明渠水流 open channel flow恒定流 steady flow非恒定流 unsteady flow均匀流(等速流) uniform flow非均匀流
5、(变速流) nonuniform flow急流 supercritical flow缓流 subcritical flow异重流 density current临界流 critical flow临界水深 critical depth临界流速 critical velocity临界流量 critical discharge水头 head位置水头(位能) elevation head低强水头(压能) pressure head流速水头(动能) velocity head雷诺数 Reymold number韦伯数 Weber number水力因素 hydraulic factor湿周 wetted
6、perimeter水力半径 hydraulic radius宽深比 widthdepth ratio落差 fall驻波 standing wave移动波 translation wave河流动力学 river dynamics山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体 total dissolved solids离子含量 ion concentration离子总量 total ion concentration离子流量 ion discharge矿化度 mineral content盐度 salinity碱度 alka
7、linity酸度 acidity电导率 electric conductivity混浊度(浊度) turbidity总需氧量 total oxygen demand溶解氧 dissolved oxygen需氧量 oxygen demand生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardness非碳酸盐硬度(永久硬度) noncarbonate hardness浮冰 floating ice锚冰 anchor ice封冻期 freezeup period封冻(封河) freezeup平封 flat freezeu
8、p立封 upright freezeup冰盖 ice cover连底冻 grounded ice cover冰丘 ice mound封冻冰缘 ice edge of freezeup清沟 lead初生清沟 primary lead再生清沟 secondary lead冰花路毡 sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice冰脊 ice ridge冰缝 crack悬冰 suspended ice cover冰堆 ice pack冰塞 ice jam冰上结冰 aufeis解冻期 breakup period冰变色 color change of ice cover
9、冰上有水 accumulation of melt water月中天 lunar transit引潮力 tidal generation force天文潮 astronomic tide气象潮 metorologic tide潮汐周期 tidal cycle半日潮 semidiurnal tide 全日潮 diurnal tide混合潮 mixed tide大潮 spring tide小潮 neap tide中潮 moderate tide太阴月 lunar day潮期 duration of tide涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise落潮历时 duration of ti
10、dal fall潮流 tidal current涨潮流 flood tidal current落潮流 ebb tidal current憩流 slack tide潮流速 tidal velocity往复流 reversing current旋转流 rotary current潮流期 duration of tidal current涨潮流历时 duration of flood current地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度(地下水水面坡度) hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图 watertable
11、contour map含水层 aquifer含水岩系 watercontent rock series含水岩组 watercontent rock formation含水岩性 watercontent rock property含水介质 waterhearing medium均匀介质 homogeneous medium非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium含水层边界 aquifer boundary透水边界 permeable boundary隔水边界 confining boundary弱透水边界 acquitted boundary透水层 permeable bed隔水层
12、confining bed弱透水层 acquitter水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters渗透系数 permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数) coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数 storativity水位传导系数(水力扩散系数) coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数 coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度 waterholding capacity土壤水分常数 soil moisture constants土壤吸
13、湿系数 absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数 wilting coefficient田间持水量 field capacity毛管断裂含水量 moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量 maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法 zero flux plane method潜水 phreatic water降水入渗补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数 coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给 surface water recharge凝结水补给 condensation recharge侧向补给 lateral recharge越流补给 leakage recharge灌溉补给系数 irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度 critical depth of phreatic water evapor
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